Exposure scenario 17: Service life (consumers) - tools other than hard metal used by consumers

Transcription

1 Exposure scenario 17: Service life (consumers) - Service life of diamond tools and other cobaltcontaining tools other than hard metal used by consumers Market sector: Cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools (incl. diamond tools) Environment contributing scenario(s): CS 1 Consumer contributing scenario(s): Service life of diamond tools and other cobalt-containing tools other than hard metal used by consumers CS 2 Use of cutting tools AC 2 CS 3 Use of cutting tools AC 7 ERC 10a, ERC 11a Exposure scenario(s) of the uses leading to the inclusion of the substance into the article(s): ES8: Use at industrial sites - Production and industrial use of cobalt containing alloys, steels and tools ES9: Use at industrial sites - Industrial use of cobalt in the production of diamond tools Further description of the use: HUMAN HEALTH Cobalt will be used as binder in small diameter circular diamond saws or core drills. Size ranges are typically Ø 100 to 300 mm for diamond saws and some cm Ø for core drills. The use of cutting tools, including manual abrasive tasks like cutting, sawing, grinding and drilling as dry and wet processes were addressed Env CS 1: Service life of diamond tools and other cobaltcontaining tools other than hard metal used by consumers (ERC 10a) Conditions of use Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life) Daily local widespread use amount: <= tonnes/day Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste) Particular considerations on the waste treatment operations: No (low risk) Fraction of daily/annual use expected in waste: 60% of all articles, 40% is recycled. (EC, 2010) Appropriate waste codes: , , , , Suitable Disposal: Waste from end-of-life articles can be disposed of as municipal waste, except when they are separately regulated, like electronic devices, batteries, vehicles, etc. Disposal of wastes is possible via incineration (operated according to Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste) or landfilling (operated according to Reference Document on the Best available Techniques for Waste Industries of August 2006 and Council Directive 1999/31/EC and Council Decision 19 December 2002). A detailed has been performed and is reported in the Waste report (ARCHE, 2011) Other conditions affecting environmental exposure Biological STP: Standard [Effectiveness Water: 40%] Releases The local releases to the environment are reported in the following table. Note that the releases 1

2 reported do not account for the removal in the modelled biological STP. Table Local releases to the environment Release Release estimation method Explanations Water Estimated release factor Release factor before on site RMM: 0% Release factor after on site RMM: 0% Local release rate: 0 kg/day There are no intended cobalt releases due to service life of diamond tools and other cobalt-containing tools, the non-intended releases are negligible and pose no threat to the environment. Air Estimated release factor Release factor before on site RMM: 0% Release factor after on site RMM: 0% Not relevant Non agricultural soil Estimated release factor Release factor after on site RMM: 0% Not relevant Releases to waste Release factor to external waste: 60 % Fraction of daily/annual use expected in waste: 60% of all articles, 40% is recycled. (EC, 2010). Note that the 60% does not specifically apply to this use but applies to all professional, consumer or service life uses from cobalt. A detailed has been performed and is reported in the Waste report (ARCHE, 2011) Exposure and risks for the environment and man via the environment The exposure concentrations and risk characterisation ratios (RCR) for the service life are negligible and pose no threat to the environment. Emission data from municipal STPs have been collected for Belgium (via VMM) and The Netherlands (WATSON database). For Belgium 6 data points are available between 2011 and Only one data point is above the DL, the effluent concentration of the STP above the DL is 3 µg Co/L. For the Netherlands 272 data points are available between 2005 and Only 69 data points are above the DL, the median effluent concentration is below the DL and the 90th percentile is 2.69 µg Co/L. These concentrations are a factor 100 below the PNEC for STP of 370 µg Co/L Cons CS 2: Use of cutting tools (AC 2) Cobalt will be used as binder in small diameter circular diamond saws or core drills. Size ranges are typically Ø 100 to 300 mm for diamond saws and some cm Ø for core drills Conditions of use Product (article) characteristics Amount of substance in article/preparation: <= 3.0 % About 3% cobalt of total tool (core drill, saw blade) weight. 5-20% (Co) in the metal bond, with the metal bond being ~15% of total tool weight or 5 90% cobalt in metal bond, with the metal bond being ~ 3% of the total tool weight. Exposure via oral route: Oral exposure is considered to be not relevant Oral exposure does not occur as part of the intended product use or 2

3 reasonable foreseeable misuse. Physical form of substance: Bound in article Exposure via inhalation route: Inhalation exposure is considered to be not relevant Dry process: Dust during abrasive tasks like cutting, sawing, grinding and drilling. Wet process: Cobalt dust-particles in water suspension. In use, the formation of cobalt dust cannot be ruled out. However, due to the hardness and wear resistance of these products dust formation due to abrasive tasks will be low, only in the case of misuse, if the tool has been used with the wrong material, excessive wear can be an issue. As such, the consumer applications of diamond tools and other cobalt containing tools are not expected to produce significant exposures to cobalt during use. Exposure via dermal route: Dermal exposure assumed to be negligible Dermal contact to the cutting tools will be very short during installation into the machinery. Relevant migration from the article to the skin is not assumed during such short tasks. Dermal exposure to cobalt dust from abrasive task will be negligible. Information and behavioral advice for consumers Behavioural advice: Do follow the manufacturers recommended specification for material being cut, drilled or sawed Exposure and risks for consumers The exposure concentrations and risk characterisation ratios (RCR) are reported in the following table. Table Exposure concentrations and risks for consumers Route of exposure and type of effects Exposure concentration Risk quantification Inhalation, local, long term 0 µg/m³ ( ) RCR < 0.01 Oral, systemic, long term 0 µg/kg bw/day ( ) RCR < 0.01 Combined routes, systemic, long-term Risk characterisation risk characterisation: INHALATION In use, the formation of cobalt dust cannot be ruled out. However, due to the hardness and wear resistance of these products dust formation due to abrasive tasks will be low, only in the case of misuse, if the tool has been used with the wrong material, excessive wear can be an issue. As such, the consumer applications of diamond tools and other cobalt containing tools are not expected to produce significant exposures to cobalt during use. DERMAL Dermal contact to the cutting tools will be very short during installation into the machinery. Relevant migration from the article to the skin is not assumed during such short tasks. Dermal exposure to cobalt dust from abrasive task will be negligible Cons CS 3: Use of cutting tools (AC 7) Conditions of use 3

4 Product (article) characteristics Amount of substance in article/preparation: <= 3.0 % About 3% cobalt of total tool (core drill, saw blade) weight. 5-20% (Co) in the metal bond, with the metal bond being ~15% of total tool weight or 5 90% cobalt in metal bond, with the metal bond being ~ 3% of the total tool weight. Exposure via oral route: Oral exposure is considered to be not relevant Oral exposure does not occur as part of the intended product use or reasonable foreseeable misuse. Physical form of substance: Bound in article Exposure via inhalation route: Inhalation exposure is considered to be not relevant Dry process: Dust during abrasive tasks like cutting, sawing, grinding and drilling. Wet process: Cobalt dust-particles in water suspension. In use, the formation of cobalt dust cannot be ruled out. However, due to the hardness and wear resistance of these products dust formation due to abrasive tasks will be low, only in the case of misuse, if the tool has been used with the wrong material, excessive wear can be an issue. As such, the consumer applications of diamond tools and other cobalt containing tools are not expected to produce significant exposures to cobalt during use. Exposure via dermal route: Dermal exposure assumed to be negligible Dermal contact to the cutting tools will be very short during installation into the machinery. Relevant migration from the article to the skin is not assumed during such short tasks. Dermal exposure to cobalt dust from abrasive task will be negligible. Information and behavioral advice for consumers Behavioural advice: Do follow the manufacturers recommended specification for material being cut, drilled or sawed Exposure and risks for consumers The exposure concentrations and risk characterisation ratios (RCR) are reported in the following table. Table Exposure concentrations and risks for consumers Route of exposure and type of effects Exposure concentration Risk quantification Inhalation, local, long term 0 µg/m³ ( ) RCR < 0.01 Oral, systemic, long term 0 µg/kg bw/day ( ) RCR < 0.01 Combined routes, systemic, long-term Risk characterisation risk characterisation: INHALATION In use, the formation of cobalt dust cannot be ruled out. However, due to the hardness and wear resistance of these products dust formation due to abrasive tasks will be low, only in the case of misuse, if the tool has been used with the wrong material, excessive wear can be an issue. As such, the consumer applications of diamond tools and other cobalt containing tools are not expected to produce significant exposures to cobalt during use. DERMAL Dermal contact to the cutting tools will be very short during installation into the machinery. 4

5 Relevant migration from the article to the skin is not assumed during such short tasks. Dermal exposure to cobalt dust from abrasive task will be negligible. 5