(2) Iodine Starch Test.
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1 (2) Iodine Starch Test. 1. Use a scoopula to place a small sample of your unknown solid into a well of the spot plate. 2. Place 3-5 drops of Iodine solution into the well. Do not touch the tip of the dropper to the powder! 3. If the mixture turns dark blue/purple, your unknown contains starch. If the mixture stays the same color as the original yellowish brown iodine liquid, your unknown does not contain starch. 4. Wash the spot plate into the sink and pat the spot plate dry with a paper towel.
2 (3) Qualitative Analysis Test Regular Chem 1. Find the solution for your unknown. Use the pipet to place 5 drops of your unknown solution across two wells of the spot plate in the top row. 2. Find the Ca +2 solution. Use the pipet to place 5 drops of Ca +2 solution in the first well. 3. Find the Ag +1 solution. CAUTION: DO NOT GET THIS ON YOUR SKIN OR CLOTHES. Clean up any drips or spills. Use a pipet to place 5 drops of Ag +1 solution in the second well. 4. Record your observations. 5. Wash your spot plate in the sink. 6. Use the (3b) reference chart below to determine the identify of your unknown. Ca +2 Ag +1 unknown (3b) Qualitative Analysis Reference Chart Regular Chem. What your Unknown could be TEST SOLUTION Ca +2 Ag +1 K 2 SO 4 Precipitate Precipitate NaCl No reaction Precipitate
3 (4) ph paper test. 1. Use dry hands to get a piece of ph paper from the package. 2. Dip the end of the ph paper into your unknown solution. 3. Use the color chart on the ph paper package to determine the ph of your unknown. 4. Discard the used ph paper into the trash. 5. Record the color and ph in your data table. 6. Use the (4b) reference chart below to determine the identity of your unknown. (4b) ph paper reference chart. Substance ph NaHSO 3 (sodium bisulfite, a preservative) 2-3 C 6 H 12 O 6 (dextrose, a sugar) 5-6 NaHCO 3 (sodium bicarbonate, baking soda) NaClO (sodium hypochlorite, bleach) 12-13
4 (5)What phase is the substance at room temperature? (6) What color is the pure substance at room temperature? Examine the appearance of your unknown substance. Compare your observations to the reference table below. Phase at Room Color SUBSTANCE Temp. Acetone liquid colorless Expanded styrene solid white Charcoal Solid black Isopropanol liquid colorless Methanol liquid colorless Napthalene solid white Para dichlorobenzene solid white S-butanol liquid colorless Silicon dioxide solid tan Sucrose solid white Sulfur solid yellow Vermicullite solid tan Zinc solid gray
5 (7) Melting Point Test. Figure 1. One way to determine the melting point of a chemical is to put a small sample of the sample in a glass capillary (a tiny glass tube the size of a toothpick), strap the sample to a thermometer using a tiny rubber ring, and immerse the thermometer bulb and capillary sample into oil (see picture below). Then, the oil is slowly heated and the hot oil heats up the sample. When the sample melts, you read the temperature on the thermometer and that will tell you the melting point. Since the sample is usually very small and hard to see, most melting point apparatuses have a magnifying lens to help you watch the sample melt from solid to liquid. Figure 1 to the right shows a picture of the oil bath melting point apparatus.
6 (7) Melting Point Test Continued. Figure 2 below shows the experiment for the melting point of your unknown. Read the thermometer and record the melting temperature of your unknown. Then use the reference chart to determine the identity of your unknown. Figure 2. (7b) Melting Point Reference Chart. Melting Point (degrees SUBSTANCE Celsius) Acetone -95 Expanded styrene 240 Charcoal 3500 Napthalene 80 Para dichlorobenzene 53 S-butanol -89 Silicon dioxide 1710 Sucrose 186 Sulfur Vermicullite 1000 Zinc 419
7 (8) Electrical Conductivity Test HONORS Chemistry. 1. Find the beaker with the solution of your unknown. 2. Use the correct pipet to place some of the solution into the petri dish. 3. Carefully rinse JUST THE WIRES with deionized water. 4. Turn on the electrical conductivity meter; the LED lights should NOT turn on since deionized water does not conduct electricity. If they do turn on, try to clean off the wires using a damp paper towel. 5. Use an electrical conductivity meter to test the sample by carefully dipping both wires into the solution in the petri dish. CAUTION: ONLY TOUCH THE TIPS OF THE METAL WIRES INTO THE LIQUID. DO NOT FLOOD THE CONDUCTIVITY TESTER. 6. If any of the LED lights turn on, the solution is conducting electricity. 7. Record your observations. 8. Carefully rinse JUST THE WIRES with deionized water and turn OFF the meter. 9. Rinse the petri dish into the sink.
8 (9) Cation Flame Test HONORS Chemistry. 1. Go to the flame test station in the classroom. 2. First create a reference chart for the standard aqueous cation solutions; do this by taking the wire loops inside each of the labeled solutions and passing the loop through the hottest part of the Bunsen Burner flame (the tip of the inner blue cone). 3. Create a reference table of the standard cations with your data. 4. Then perform the flame test for your assigned unknown (you don t have to test the other unknowns). 5. Record your data and determine the cation identity of the unknown.
9 (3) Qualitative Analysis Test for Anion Identity HONORS Chem 1. Find the solution for your unknown. Use the pipet to place 5 drops of your unknown solution across two wells of the spot plate. Do this for two rows. 2. Find the Ca +2 solution. Use the pipet to place 5 drops of Ca +2 solution going down two wells in the first column of the spot plate. 3. Find the AgNO 3 solution. CAUTION: DO NOT GET THIS ON YOUR SKIN OR CLOTHES. Clean up any drips or spills. Use a pipet to place 5 drops of Ag +1 solution going down two wells in the second column of the spot plate. 4. Record your observations. 5. Wash your spot plate in the sink. 6. Use the (3b) reference chart below to determine the identify of your unknown anion. 7. Then use the results from your cation flame test to write the correct formula of your unknown ionic compound. Ca +2 Ag +1 unknown (3b) Qualitative Analysis Reference Information HONORS Chem. What your Unknown anion could be SO 4-2 TEST SOLUTION Ca +2 Ag +1 Precipitate Precipitate Cl -1 No reaction Precipitate
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