MME 291: Lecture 15. Surface Hardening of Steels. Today s Topics
|
|
- Mildred Mosley
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 MME 291: Lecture 15 Surface Hardening of Steels Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Surface hardening fundamental Carburising Nitriding Cyaniding and carbonitriding Induction and flame hardening Reference: 1. S.H. Avner. Introduction to physical metallurgy, 2 nd Ed., Ch. 8, pp Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 02
2 Surface Hardening Fundamental Many industrial applications require steels with a hard, wear-resistant surface, and a relatively soft, tough inside. Examples: gear, cam shaft, roller, etc. Heat treatments like annealing or hardening are not suitable for such applications. There are FIVE principal methods of surface heat treatment or case hardening: ❶ Carburising ❷ Nitriding ❸ Cyaniding and carbonitriding ❹ Flame hardening ❺ Induction hardening requires a change in composition does not require a change in composition Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 03 Carburising Carbon is added on to the surface of low-carbon steels (0.2 % C or lower) at high temperature to make the surface hardenable. This process is called carburisation. The carburisingtemperature is usually about 925 C, where the structure becomes fully austenitic and has the potential of absorbing the maximum carbon atoms. Carburisationis then followed by hardeningtreatment (followed by tempering, if needed) when the structure of high-carbon surface (case) becomes martensitic, thereby increasing hardness. the structure of low-carbon inside (core) becomes ferrite-pearlitic, and remains as ductile and tough. Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 04
3 Carburising Carburising Atmosphere/Media ❶ Solid or pack carburising a mixture of charcoal, coke, and barium carbonate (about 20 wt.%) ❷ Liquid carburising a bath of molten cyanide and alkaline earth salts ❸ Gas carburising carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbon gases Each carburisingmedia provides atomic carbon, which diffuses into the steel surface during carburisation. The rate of diffusion of C in austenite depends upon the heating temperature and the carbon-concentration gradient. Under known operating conditions, amount of carbon penetration (case depth) with heating time can be predicted. Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 05 Carburising Structure after Carburisation Structure of 0.2% carbon steel pack carburised at 925 C for 6 h and furnace cooled Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 06
4 Carburising Heat Treatment after Carburisation After carburisation, the surface of the steel has about 0.8 to 1.2 % C and becomes hardenable(i.e., has the capacity of forming a fully martensitic structure), but not yet hardened. Hardening heat treatment is done after carburisation to transform the austenitic structure of the case into martensitic. During carburisation, the composition of core remains the same (i.e., at about 0.2 % C). Thus, the core of the steel is not hardenable due to low C level. During hardening, the austenitic structure of the core transforms into ferrite-pearlitic. CASE (martensite) CORE (ferrite and pearlite) Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 07 Nitriding Nitrogen is added on to the surface of steels at high temperatures, where it reacts with iron to form iron nitride compounds, which are very hard. The nitriding temperature is usually about C, which is significantly lower than the carburising temperature of 925 C. The steel is not heated to the austenitic zone. The main purpose of heating to high temperature is to increase the diffusion rate of N atoms. No post-hardening treatment is necessary. Best results are obtained during nitriding if one or more nitride-forming alloying elements (Al, Cr and Mo) are present in steel. Hardness up to RC70 can be obtained. Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 08
5 Nitriding Nitriding Atmosphere/Media Mixture of ammonia gas and cracked ammonia Nitridingheating cycle can be very long, depending on the case depth required. A 60-h cycle produces a case depth of only about inch at 500 C. Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 09 Nitriding Two distinct zones in the nitrided case ❶ A white layer containing nitride compounds of iron and other alloying elements. The thickness of this layer is inch maximum. This layer is very brittle, and must be removed before using the article. ❷ Underlying the white layer, precipitates of alloy nitirdes only are formed. Microstructure of a nitrided case Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 10
6 Nitriding Advantages over Carburising Nitridingis performed at relatively low temperaturesand no quenching is required minimum distortion parts can be machined to close finish before nitriding Complex parts can be nitrided without difficulty Wear resistance is outstanding Hardness is unaffected during high temperature (below the original nitriding temperature) uses Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 11 Limitations over Carburising Corrosion resistance of steels is reduced considerably by nitriding(if the white layer is removed) Long heating cycle Nitriding Formation of the brittle white layer Necessity of using special alloying elements to obtain high hardness Cost of nitriding atmosphere Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 12
7 Cyaniding and Carbonitriding Cases that contain both carbon and nitrogen are produced by liquid salt baths (cyaniding) or by use of gas atmosphere (carbonitriding). Nimparts inherent hardness by forming hard nitride compounds, and increasedccontent makes the surface of steel hardenable during quenching Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 13 Cyaniding and Carbonitriding Cyaniding Closely related to carburising. Salt bath having low in C and high in H is used, compared to liquid carburising (where composition high in C and low in H is used). The heating temperature is about C, which is lower than that used in carburising. Exposure is for shorter time, resulting thinner case (up to 0.01 in for cyaniding, 0.03 in for carbonitriding). The case usually contains about % C and 0.5 % N. Typical bath composition is: 30% NaCN, 40% Na 2 CO 3, and 30% NaCl. Typical chemical reactions to occur: 2NaCN + O 2 = 2NaCNO 3NaCNO = NaCN + Na 2 CO 3 + C + 2N
8 Cyaniding and Carbonitriding Carbonitriding Also known as dry cyaniding, gas cyaniding, microcarburising, or ni-carbing, carbonitriding is a modification of gas carburising. Addition of anhydrous ammonia gas to the furnace atmosphere causes both C and N to be absorbed by the surface of steel at the carbonitriding temperature. Although a wide variety of gas mixtures are used, typical composition is: 15 % anhydrous ammonia, 5 % natural gas, 80 % carrier gas (a mixture of N 2, H 2 and CO). Heating temperature range is C, lower than those used for gas carburising. Case depth rarely exceeds 0.02 in (due to lower heating temperatures). Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 15 Induction and Flame Hardening No change in chemical composition of steel. The steel should be capable of being hardened (carbon content in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 %). In induction hardening, the surface of the steel is heated quickly using high-frequency ( khz) induction current, and then quenched in water. Only surface of steel is austenetised during heating, so that martensite is produced only at the surface. The temperature of core remained below the lower critical and no change has occurred. In flame hardening, the surface of the steel is heated quickly using oxyacetylene torch, and then quenched in water. A structure similar to that obtained in induction hardening is obtained. Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 16
9 Induction and Flame Hardening Flame hardening Typical work coils used for high frequency induction hardening and heat patterns developed by each unit Rashid, DMME, BUET, 2011 MME 291, Lec 15: Surface hardening of steels P 17 Next Class MME 291: Lecture 17 Fracture of Metals
Surface treatments fundamental Carburising Nitriding Cyaniding and carbonitriding Induction and flame hardening
Surface Treatments t of Steels Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Surface treatments fundamental Cyaniding and carbonitriding Induction and flame hardening Reference: 1.
More informationSurface Hardening. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
10 Surface Hardening Surface Hardening Many engineering must be very hard to resist surface indentation or wear and yet posses adequate toughness to resist impact damage Surface Hardening is a process
More informationTypes of stainless steel
Types of stainless steel Composition (wt%) Applications Types C Ni Cr Mo Ferritic 0.06-0.2-11-30 - Household utensils; Automotive Exhaust Components Heat exchanger Austenitic
More informationLecture 14 The surface hardening of steels. Flame Hardening
Lecture 14 The surface hardening of steels Flame Hardening The surface hardening of steels Reference Text Higgins RA & Bolton, 2010. Materials for Engineers and Technicians, 5th ed, Butterworth Heinemann
More informationPhase Diagram. Today s Topics. The iron carbon phase diagram Details of iron iron carbide phase diagram Classification of iron carbon alloys
MME 291: Lecture 07 Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics The iron carbon phase diagram Details of iron iron carbide phase diagram Classification
More informationMME 291: Lecture 13. Today s Topics. Heat treatment fundamentals Classification of heat treatment Annealing of steels Normalising of steels
MME 291: Lecture 13 Heat Treatment of Steels #1: Annealing and Normalising Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Heat treatment fundamentals Classification of heat treatment
More informationPhase Diagram. Today s Topics. The iron carbon phase diagram Details of iron iron carbide phase diagram Classification of iron carbon alloys
MME 291: Lecture 07 Iron Iron Carbide Phase Diagram Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics The iron carbon phase diagram Details of iron iron carbide phase diagram Classification
More informationTHERMO-CHEMICAL SURFACE HARDENING TREATMENT OF STEELS
THERMO-CHEMICAL SURFACE HARDENING TREATMENT OF STEELS P.K. AGARWAL Senior Engineer, TELCO, Jamshedpur CASE CARBURISING Case Carburising is a process in which austenised ferrous metal is brought into contact
More informationChapter Name of the Topic Marks
Chapter Name of the Topic Marks 02 2 HEAT TREATMENT Specific Objectives: Study various methods of Heat treatment processes as applied to automobile components. Understand ironcarbon phase equilibrium diagram.
More informationIron Carbon Equilibrium Diagrams
Allotropic Iron, when cooling from a high temperature, displays two special points known as arrest points or critical points. These change points occur at 1390 o C and 910 o C. Above 1390 o C Iron exists
More informationME 216 Engineering Materials II
ME 216 Engineering Materials II Chapter 12 Heat Treatment (Part II) Mechanical Engineering University of Gaziantep Dr. A. Tolga Bozdana Assistant Professor Hardenability It is the ability of steel to harden
More informationPhase change processes for material property manipulation BY PROF.A.CHANDRASHEKHAR
Phase change processes for material property manipulation BY PROF.A.CHANDRASHEKHAR Introduction The phase of a material is defined as a chemically and structurally homogeneous state of material. Any material
More informationBulletin No. 4. ISO 9001 Registered HEAT TREAT BULLETIN. Case Hardening Of Steel Components And Straightening
Bulletin No. 4 ISO 9001 Registered HEAT TREAT BULLETIN Case Hardening Of Steel Components And Straightening The topics of discussion for this bulletin are: 1. Case hardening of steel components, and 2.
More informationMaterials for Automobiles. Carburization Lec 6 22 August 2011
Materials for Automobiles Carburization Lec 6 22 August 2011 Assignment 1 Suggest suitable steel for: Sewing Needle Tipper load body Hammer head State the properties expected and how the recommended steel
More informationMaterial Technology and Testing (MNF 222) CHAPTER 7 Fundamental of Steel Heat Treatment
Material Technology and Testing (MNF 222) CHAPTER 7 Fundamental of Steel Heat Treatment Material Technology and Testing Dr. Gamal Abdou HeatTreatment The amount of carbon present in plain carbon steel
More informationMSE-226 Engineering Materials
MSE-226 Engineering Materials Lecture-4 THERMAL PROCESSING OF METALS-2 CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION (CCT) DIAGRAMS: In industrial heat-treating operations, in most cases a steel is not isothermally
More informationthe Phase Diagrams Today s Topics
MME 291: Lecture 03 Introduction to the Phase Diagrams Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Concept of alloying Classification of alloys Introduction to the phase diagram
More informationIntroduction to Heat Treatment. Introduction
MME444 Heat Treatment Sessional Week 01 Introduction to Heat Treatment Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Introduction Can you control the microstructure that formed during cooling of
More informationHigh strength low alloy (HSLA).
7 Alloy Steels High strength low alloy (HSLA). a type of steel alloy that provides many benefits over regular steel alloys contain a very small percentage of carbon (less than one-tenth of a percent) and
More informationGlossary of Steel Terms
Glossary of Steel Terms Steel Terms Explained. Below we list some of the most common steel terms and explain what they mean. AISI Alloy Alloy Steel Annealing ASTM Austenitic Bar Brinell (HB) Bright Drawn
More informationHeat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle
Heat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle Outlines: Fe ad Fe-Fe 3 C system Phases and Microstructure Fe-Fe 3 C Phase Diaram General Physical and Mechanical Properties of each Microstructure Usanee
More informationthe Phase Diagrams Today s Topics
MME 291: Lecture 04 Interpretation of the Phase Diagrams Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Interpretation of phase diagrams Development of microstructures during equilibrium
More informationIntroduction to the phase diagram Uses and limitations of phase diagrams Classification of phase diagrams Construction of phase diagrams
Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Concept of alloying Classification of alloys Introduction to the phase diagram Uses and limitations of phase diagrams Classification of phase diagrams
More informationHeat Treating Basics-Steels
Heat Treating Basics-Steels Semih Genculu, P.E. Steel is the most important engineering material as it combines strength, ease of fabrication, and a wide range of properties along with relatively low cost.
More informationSteels Processing, Structure, and Performance, Second Edition Copyright 2015 ASM International G. Krauss All rights reserved asminternational.
Steels Processing, Structure, and Performance, Second Edition Copyright 2015 ASM International G. Krauss All rights reserved asminternational.org Contents Preface to the Second Edition of Steels: Processing,
More informationMetallurgy in Production
In the Name of Allah University of Hormozgan Metallurgy in Production First semester 95-96 Mohammad Ali Mirzai 1 Chapter 7 - Part 1: Heat Treatment of Steels 2 The kinds of treatments for improve properties
More informationPhase Diagrams. Today s Topics
MME 291: Lecture 05 Eutectic Type Phase Diagrams Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Binary eutectic systems with partial miscibility Nomenclatures and invariant reaction
More informationExperiment E: Martensitic Transformations
Experiment E: Martensitic Transformations Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to introduce students to a family of phase transformations which occur by shear rather than diffusion. In metals,
More information2/8/2018. Friction. The Laws of Friction MSE 454 SURFACE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS. Ing. Anthony Andrews (PhD) Friction testing. Why is there friction?
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Friction MSE 454 SURFACE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS Ing. Anthony Andrews (PhD) Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and
More informationAlloy Steels. Chapter 7. Copyright 2007 Dr. Ali Ourdjini.
7 Alloy Steels At the end of this lesson students should be able to: Classify alloy steels Explain: effects of alloying elements to steel properties Discuss: composition, microstructure, mechanical properties
More informationis detrimental to hot workability and subsequent surface quality. It is used in certain steels to improve resistance to atmospheric corrosion.
Glossary of Terms Alloying Elements ALUMINIUM - Al is used to deoxidise steel and control grain size. Grain size control is effected by forming a fine dispersion with nitrogen and oxygen which restricts
More informationHEAT TREATMENT. Bulk and Surface Treatments Annealing, Normalizing, Hardening, Tempering Hardenability
Bulk and Surface Treatments Annealing, Normalizing, Hardening, Tempering Hardenability HEAT TREATMENT With focus on Steels Principles of Heat Treatment of Steels Romesh C Sharma New Age International (P)
More informationMSE-226 Engineering Materials
MSE-226 Engineering Materials Lecture-7 ALLOY STEELS Tool Steels TYPES of FERROUS ALLOYS FERROUS ALLOYS Plain Carbon Steels Alloy Steels Cast Irons - Low carbon Steel - Medium carbon steel - High carbon
More informationA Study of Processing Parameters on the Carburization of C2R Steels
Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 8, No.2, pp 79-92, 2009 jmmce.org Printed in the USA. All rights reserved A Study of Processing Parameters on the Carburization of C2R
More informationBFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
BFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING Course Guidelines: 1. Introduction to Engineering Materials 2. Bonding and Properties 3. Crystal Structures & Properties
More informationStrengthening Mechanisms. Today s Topics
MME 131: Lecture 17 Strengthening Mechanisms Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Strengthening strategies: Grain strengthening Solid solution strengthening Work hardening
More informationAPPLICATION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE GRADES IN CARBON BLACK INDUSTRY
APPLICATION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE GRADES IN CARBON BLACK INDUSTRY SAFETY FIRST Sandvik s objective is zero harm to our people, the environment we work in, our customers and our suppliers. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
More informationCHAPTER 3 VALVE STEEL MATERIAL AND THERMAL PROCESSING
48 CHAPTER 3 VALVE STEEL MATERIAL AND THERMAL PROCESSING This chapter discusses the materials used for making internal combustion engine inlet and exhaust valves. The general heat treatments followed for
More informationTheir widespread use is accounted for by three factors:
TYPES OF METAL ALLOYS Metal alloys, by virtue of composition, are often grouped into two classes ferrous and nonferrous. Ferrous alloys, those in which iron is the principal constituent, include steels
More informationCase Study: Design of Bainitic Steels
Materials Science & Metallurgy Part II Course C9, Alloys, H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia Case Study: Design of Bainitic Steels Bainite Summarised Bainite is a non lamellar aggregate of carbides and plate shaped
More informationWhat is Induction Hardening
What is Induction Hardening United Induction Heating Machine Limited We are experienced in Induction Heating,induction heating machine,induction Heating equipment.they are widely used in induction heating
More informationEngineering Materials
Engineering Materials Heat Treatments of Ferrous Alloys Annealing Processes The term annealing refers to a heat treatment in which a material is exposed to an elevated temperature for an extended time
More informationHEAT TREATMENT. Chapter 6. Veljko Samardzic. ME-215 Engineering Materials and Processes
HEAT TREATMENT Chapter 6 Materials Properties STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE PROCESSING PROPERTIES 6.1 Structure Property Relationships Properties and structure can be manipulated and controlled Interactive relation
More informationInternational Welding Engineer (IWE) Module 2: Materials and Their Behavior During Welding 2.6 Heat Treatment of Base Materials and Welded Joints
International Welding Engineer (IWE) Module 2: Materials and Their Behavior During Welding 2.6 Heat Treatment of Base Materials and Welded Joints by: Kamran Khodaparasti 2.6 Heat Treatment of Base Materials
More informationHeat Treatment of Steel Lab Report. Justin Lance 11/16/2011 Engineering 45 Lab Section 3 Troy Topping
Heat Treatment of Steel Lab Report Justin Lance justalance@gmail.com 11/16/2011 Engineering 45 Lab Section 3 Troy Topping troytopping@gmail.com ABSTRACT We observed how the properties of 4140 steel vary
More informationMaterials & Processes in Manufacturing. Introduction. Introduction ME 151. Chapter 6 Ferrous Metals and Alloys
2003 Bill Young Materials & Processes in Manufacturing ME 151 Chapter 6 Ferrous Metals and Alloys 1 Introduction Figure 6-1 Page 106 2003 Bill Young 2 Introduction Metals are example of a material (The
More information11.3 The alloying elements in tool steels (e.g., Cr, V, W, and Mo) combine with the carbon to form very hard and wear-resistant carbide compounds.
11-2 11.2 (a) Ferrous alloys are used extensively because: (1) Iron ores exist in abundant quantities. (2) Economical extraction, refining, and fabrication techniques are available. (3) The alloys may
More informationMSE-226 Engineering Materials
MSE-226 Engineering Materials Lecture-2 IRON-IRON CARBIDE PHASE DIAGRAM Classification of Metal Alloys Metal Alloys Ferrous Nonferrous Steels
More information3. A copper-nickel diffusion couple similar to that shown in Figure 5.1a is fashioned. After a 700-h heat treatment at 1100 C (1373 K) the
ENT 145 Tutorial 3 1. A sheet of steel 1.8 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200 C and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen
More informationMetallurgy of Steel. An introduction for knife making. By: Yan Azdoud, Ph.D.
Metallurgy of Steel An introduction for knife making By: Yan Azdoud, Ph.D. Outline Introduction Allotropy and polymorphism Iron-Carbon Diagram and steel micostructures Heat treatment and diagram TTT Introduction
More information1. Dimensions, Tolerance and Related Attributes DIMENSIONS, TOLERANCES AND SURFACE. 2. Surface. Surface Technology.
DIMENSIONS, TOLERANCES AND SURFACE 1. Dimension, Tolerances and Related Attributes 2. Surfaces 3. Effect of Manufacturing Processes 1. Dimensions, Tolerance and Related Attributes Dimensions a numerical
More informationshort name: NR* technical product sheet created :57 1/10 seamless tube EN tol. acc. EN/ISO 1127 NR ,0 0,075 4,0 0,125
technical product sheet short name: NR* seamless tube EN 10216-5 tol. acc. EN/ISO 1127 Art.-Nr. kg s D NR-033-020 NR-030-040 NR-030-030 NR-030-020 NR-030-016 NR-028-035 NR-026-032 NR-026-026 NR-026-023
More informationMaterial Science. Prof. Satish V. Kailas Associate Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore India
Material Science Prof. Satish V. Kailas Associate Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 India Chapter 9. Applications and Processing of Metals and Alloys
More informationToday s Topics. Plastic stress-strain behaviour of metals Energy of mechanical ldeformation Hardness testing Design/safety factors
MME 291: Lecture 10 Mechanical Properties of Materials 2 Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Plastic stress- behaviour of metals Energy of mechanical ldeformation Hardness
More informationNITROGEN ALLOYING OF PM STEELS: PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES
NITROGEN ALLOYING OF PM STEELS: PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES Chris Schade & Tom Murphy Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 Alan Lawley & Roger Doherty Drexel University Philadelphia, PA 19104 ABSTRACT
More informationMATERIALS INFORMATION SERVICE
MATERIALS INFORMATION SERVICE The Materials Information Service helps those interested in improving their knowledge of engineering materials and highlights the national network of materials expertise.
More informationSTEEL. Classification of steel. Amount of carbon Amount of deoxidization Amount of alloys Depth of hardening. 15-Nov-17. R.D.
STEEL Classification of steel Amount of carbon Amount of deoxidization Amount of alloys Depth of hardening 1 On the basis of carbon With increase in carbon following increases Hardness Fatigue resistance
More informationSTANDARD STEELS STANDARD STEELS 403
STANDARD STEELS 403 STANDARD STEELS Standard Steels Compositions, Applications, and Heat Treatments Steel is the generic term for a large family of iron carbon alloys, which are malleable, within some
More informationPart IB Paper 3: MATERIALS. Examples Paper 3 : Materials Processing - fssued 01 Controlling Microstructure and Properties
ENGINEERING TRIPOS Part IB Paper 3: MATERIALS SECOND YEAR Examples Paper 3 : Materials Processing - fssued 01 Controlling Microstructure and Properties -1 NOV 2')13 Straightforward questions are marked
More informationGas Carburizing and Carbonitriding
Furnace atmospheres 1 Gas Carburizing and Carbonitriding by Torsten Holm 1 Contents Introduction 3 Why steels are hardened 4 How steels are hardened 6 Interaction between furnace atmosphere and steel 7
More informationThermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels
Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/3744384/ Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels Description: Thermochemical surface engineering significantly improves the
More informationCopyright 1999 Society of Manufacturing Engineers. FUNDAMENTAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Heat Treating NARRATION (VO): RESISTANCE OF METALS AND ALLOYS.
FUNDAMENTAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Heat Treating SCENE 1. CG: Through Hardening Processes white text centered on black SCENE 2. tape 501, 12:10:03-12:10:20 parts going in for heat treating HARDENING PROCESSES
More informationChapter 7. Stainless Steels. /MS371/ Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys
Chapter 7 Stainless Steels Stainless steels at least % Cr in iron is required (max 30% Cr) Cr: to make iron surface by forming a surface oxide film protecting the underlying metal from corrosion Ni: to
More informationCreep failure Strain-time curve Effect of temperature and applied stress Factors reducing creep rate High-temperature alloys
Fatigue and Creep of Materials Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Fatigue failure Laboratory fatigue test The S-N Ncurve Fractography of fractured surface Factors improving fatigue life
More informationDAYE JINGCHENG MOULD CO., LTD TOOL STEEL PRODUCT
1.2343 Hot Work Tool Steel Identification Designation by Standards Mat. No. DIN EN AISI 1.2343 X38CrMoV51 X38CrMoV51 H11 Chemical Composition C Si Mn Cr Mo V P S 0.36 0.90 0.30 4.80 1.10 0.25 0.030 0.030
More informationTECHNIQUES INVOLVE IN HEAT TREATMENT
HEAT TREATMENT Heat treatment is a method used to alter the physical and sometimes chemical properties of a material. The most common application is metallurgical.heat treatments are also used in the manufacture
More informationEXPERIMENT 6 HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL
EXPERIMENT 6 HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL Purpose The purposes of this experiment are to: Investigate the processes of heat treating of steel Study hardness testing and its limits Examine microstructures of
More informationHeat Treatment of Steels
Heat Treatment of Steels Heat Treating is the process of heating and cooling a steel to obtain desired properties. Various types of heat treatment processes are used to change the following properties
More informationTutorial 2 : Crystalline Solid, Solidification, Crystal Defect and Diffusion
Tutorial 1 : Introduction and Atomic Bonding 1. Explain the difference between ionic and metallic bonding between atoms in engineering materials. 2. Show that the atomic packing factor for Face Centred
More informationHeat Treatment of Steels
Heat Treatment of Steels Heat Treating is the process of heating and cooling a steel to obtain desired properties. Various types of heat treatment processes are used to change the following properties
More informationTrade press. More than good: harden and temper! Optimised Heat Treatment in Steel Processing
Trade press Optimised Heat Treatment in Steel Processing More than good: harden and temper! In the shape of Variocarb-direct, the Messer Group has developed and patented a process with which steels can
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM
APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM KEY POINTS OF Fe-C Diagram Phases: Liquid Fe-Tmin=1148C @ 4.3%C 1394 C
More informationUNIT-II PART- A Heat treatment Annealing annealing temperature Normalizing.
UNIT-II PART- A 1. What is "critical cooling rate" in hardening of steels? This critical cooling rate, when included on the continuous transformation diagram, will just miss the nose at which the pearlite
More informationHEAT TREATMENT OF LOW CARBON STEEL
1 A Project Report on HEAT TREATMENT OF LOW CARBON STEEL In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Bachelor of Technology (Mechanical Engineering) Submitted By Sanjib kumar jaypuria (Roll No.10503053)
More informationChallenges in Processing of P/M Chromium Manganese Low-Alloy Steels
Challenges in Processing of P/M Chromium Manganese Low-Alloy Steels Robert J. Causton 1 and Bruce A. Lindsley 2 1 Hoeganaes Corporation, Buzau, Romania 2 Hoeganaes Corporation, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA
More informationME-371/571 ENGINEERING MATERIALS
ME-371/571 ENGINEERING MATERIALS Problem Set 2 1. An SAE-AISI 1035 steel alloy is slowly cooled from 950 C to room What is the pro-eutectoid phase, and at what temperature would it first appear? What are
More informationContent. Brief profile
Steel Steel C-Stähle Carbon für steels die for Wärmebehandlung heat treatment Product information for case-hardening, tempering, and spring steels Produktinformation für Einsatz-, Vergütungs-, und Federstähle
More informationLecture 11: Metallic Alloys
Part IB Materials Science & Metallurgy H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia Course A, Metals and Alloys Lecture 11: Metallic Alloys TRIP Steels A phase change can do work; a good example of this is how viruses infect
More informationEach carbon atom causes a tetragonal distortion since the principal
Ferrous alloys Fig. 1: Iron-carbon equilibrium phase diagram martensite start temperature or M S. The fraction of martensite increases with the undercooling below M S. The martensite in steels is supersaturated
More informationThe University of New Mexico. Lecture 4. Chapter 5. zcl ME260L 06. The University of New Mexico. Austenite, Ferrite and Cementite.
Lecture 4 Chapter 5 Austenite, Ferrite and Cementite 1 Austenite, Ferrite, Martensite and Cementite Austenite FCC Structure of Fe/steel at elevated temperatures (~ >727 o C) Ferrite BCC Relatively soft
More informationA STUDY OF ESSENTIAL PARAMETERS ON GAS CARBURIZING OF AISI 8620 (Ni-Cr-Mo) ALLOY STEEL
Journal of Research (Science), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Vol. 22-23, Nos. 1-4 January-October 2011-12, pp. 55-66 ISSN 1021-1012 A STUDY OF ESSENTIAL PARAMETERS ON GAS CARBURIZING
More informationISO:9001, AS9100 & ITAR Certified NADCAP Accredited
ISO:9001, AS9100 & ITAR Certified NADCAP Accredited Welcome to Century Sun Our Commitment Service & Reliability Our fleet of trucks assures customers of consistent turn-around and delivery time. Located
More informationSeam Welded Air-Hardenable Corrosion Resistant Steel Tubing: Automotive Applications Overview
KVA, Inc. / 124 S. Market Place, Suite 200 / Escondido, CA. 92029 U.S.A. (760) 489-5821 phone (760) 489-5823 fax 1-888-410-WELD www.kvastainless.com Seam Welded Air-Hardenable Corrosion Resistant Steel
More informationA STUDY ON THERMAL CRACKING OF CAST IRON
Paper No. 677 A STUDY ON THERMAL CRACKING OF CAST IRON Dr. M. Yousaf Anwar 414 Anwar Pakistan Engineering Congress, 70th Annual Session Proceedings 415 A STUDY ON THERMAL CRACKING OF CAST IRON Dr. M. Yousaf
More informationSurface treatment evaluation of induction hardened and tempered 1045 steel
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2014 Surface treatment evaluation of induction
More informationUddeholm Vanadis 30 SuperClean. Uddeholm Vanadis 30 SuperClean
Uddeholm Vanadis 30 SuperClean 1 UDDEHOLMS AB No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes without permission of the copyright holder. This information is based
More informationChapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11)
Chapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11) Study theme outcomes: After studying this chapter, students should or should be able to: - know and understand
More informationHeat treatment and effects of Cr and Ni in low alloy steel
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 34, No. 7, December 2011, pp. 1439 1445. Indian Academy of Sciences. Heat treatment and effects of Cr and Ni in low alloy steel MOHAMMAD ABDUR RAZZAK Materials and Metallurgical
More informationHistory and Future of High-Fatigue-Strength Steel Wire for Automotive Engine Valve Spring
FEATURED TOPIC History and Future of High-Fatigue-Strength Steel Wire for Automotive Engine Valve Spring Hiromu IZUMIDA*, Sadamu MATSUMOTO and Teruyuki MURAI ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationINFLUENCE OF AUSTEMPERING TIME ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF HEAT AFFECTED ZONE IN WELDING OF UPPER BAINITIC UNALLOYED AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON
INFLUENCE OF AUSTEMPERING TIME ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF HEAT AFFECTED ZONE IN WELDING OF UPPER BAINITIC UNALLOYED AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON Dr. Ing. Cem AKÇA, Assoc.Prof.Dr.Ing. Ahmet KARAASLAN Yildiz Technical
More informationGuidelines for ASTM Specification and Metal Grades
Guidelines for ASTM Specification and Metal Grades CONTENTS 27/A 27M Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon Suitable For General Applications... 1 A 128/ A 128M Standard Specification for Steel
More informationLaser Machining Processes Laser heat processing divided into 3 regions Heating Melting Vaporization
Laser Machining Processes Laser heat processing divided into 3 regions Heating Melting Vaporization Laser Surface Treatment Annealing or Transformation Hardening Surface hardness Surface Melting Homogenization,
More informationEffect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development ISSN: 2278-067X, Volume 2, Issue 1 (July 2012), PP. 07-13 www.ijerd.com Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
More informationzkratka označení: NR* technický list výrobku vytvořeno :58 1/10 bezešvá trubka EN tol. dle EN/ISO 1127 NR ,0 0,075 4,0
technický list výrobku zkratka označení: NR* bezešvá trubka EN 10216-5 tol. dle EN/ISO 1127 Art.-Nr. kg s D NR-033-020 NR-030-040 NR-030-030 NR-030-020 NR-030-016 NR-028-035 NR-026-032 NR-026-026 NR-026-023
More informationMODULUS OF RUPTURE EVALUATION ON P/M COLD WORK TOOL STEEL SUBMITTED TO GAS NITRIDING.
MODULUS OF RUPTURE EVALUATION ON P/M COLD WORK TOOL STEEL SUBMITTED TO GAS NITRIDING. Adayr Bôrro Jr (1,2), Waldemar Alfredo Monteiro (1,2), Jan Vatavuk (1, 2), Sergio G. Cardoso (3), Américo de Almeida
More informationMATERIAL TEKNIK (MAT) CAST IRON. Cecep Ruskandi
MATERIAL TEKNIK (MAT) CAST IRON Cecep Ruskandi Cast Iron Cast iron is a cast ferrous based materials with the carbon content greater than 2% and also contain elements such as Si, Mn,P and S. Cast irons
More informationVAC AERO International Inc. Training Manual BASIC HEAT TREATING
Training Manual BASIC HEAT TREATING What is Heat Treating? -1- BASIC HEAT TREATING Heat treating is a process involving controlled heating and cooling of a solid metal to produce a desired change in the
More informationUniverse of heat treatment. Hardening. Consulting. Contracting. HARD-INOX. For higher demands on wear and corrosion resistance.
Universe of heat treatment. Hardening. Consulting. Contracting. HARD-INOX. For higher demands on wear and corrosion resistance. 1 The HARD-INOX program. Hardness OK but corrosion resistance too low? Corrosion
More informationCOMBINATION OF INTERNAL HIGH PRESSURE FORMING AND Q-P PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HOLLOW PRODUCTS FROM AHS STEEL
COMBINATION OF INTERNAL HIGH PRESSURE FORMING AND Q-P PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HOLLOW PRODUCTS FROM AHS STEEL Bohuslav Mašek a, Ivan Vorel a, Hana Jirková a, Petr Kurka b a University of West Bohemia
More informationSUPERIOR MACHINABILITY
Uddeholm Balder Uddeholm Balder Reliable and efficient steel is essential for good results. The same goes for achieving high productivity and high availability. When choosing the right steel many parameters
More information