HAYNES 25 alloy. Principle Features

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1 HAYNES 25 alloy Principle Features Excellent High-Temperature Strength and Good Oxidation Resistance HAYNES 25 alloy (UNS R30605) is a cobalt-nickel- chromium-tungsten alloy that combines excellent high-temperature strength with good resistance to oxidizing environments up to 1800 F (980 C) for prolonged exposures, and excellent resistance to sulfidation. It can be fabricated and formed by conventional techniques, and has been used for cast components. Other attractive features include excellent resistance to metal galling. Fabrication HAYNES 25 alloy has good forming and welding characteristics. It may be forged or otherwise hot-worked, providing that it is held at 2200 F (1205 C) for a time sufficient to bring the entire piece to temperature. The alloy has good ductility, and thus also may be formed by cold working. The alloy does work-harden very rapidly, however, so frequent intermediate annealing treatments will be needed for complex component forming operations. All hot- or cold-worked parts should be annealed and rapidly cooled in order to restore the best balance of properties. The alloy can be welded by both manual and automatic welding methods, including gas tungsten arc (GTAW), gas metal arc (GMAW), shielded metal arc, electron beam and resistance welding. It exhibits good restraint welding characteristics. Heat Treatment Wrought HAYNES 25 alloy is furnished in the solution heattreated condition, unless otherwise specified. The alloy is normally solution heat-treated at 2150 to 2250 F (1175 to 1230 C) and rapidly cooled or water-quenched for optimal properties. Annealing at temperatures less than the solution heat-treating temperature will produce some carbide precipitation in 25 alloy, which may affect the alloy s properties. Applications HAYNES 25 alloy combines properties which make it suitable for a number of component applications in the aerospace industry, including parts in established military and commercial gas turbine engines. In modern engines, it has largely been replaced by newer materials such as HAYNES 188 alloy, and, most recently, 230 alloy, which possess improved properties. Another area of significant usage for 25 alloy is as a bearing material, for both balls and races. H-3057E 2017 Haynes International

2 Nominal Composition Weight % Cobalt: 51 Balance Nickel: 10 Iron: 3 max. Chromium: 20 Molybdenum: 1 max. Tungsten: 15 Manganese: 1.5 Silicon: 0.4 max. Carbon: 0.1 Creep and Stress Rupture Strength HAYNES 25 alloy is a solid-solution-strengthened material which possesses excellent high-temperature strength. It is particularly effective for very long-term applications at temperatures of 1200 to 1800 F (650 to 980 C). It is stronger than nickel-base solid-solutionstrengthened alloys, and is the strongest of the cobalt-base materials which still have good fabrication characteristics. Solution-Annealed Sheet* Approximate Initial Stress to Produce Specified Creep in Temperature Creep 10 h 100 h 1,000 h F C % ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ** 231** ** 269** R ** 207** 21.0** 145** ** 160** R ** 102** ** 112** R 47.0** 324** ** 70** ** 85** R 34.0** 234** ** 48** ** 61** R 24.0** 165** ** 31** R 17.3** 119** *Based upon limited data **Significant extrapolation R= Rupture

3 Creep and Stress Rupture Strength Continued Approximate Initial Stress to Produce Specified Creep in: Temperature Creep 10 h 100 h 1,000 h F C % ksi Mpa ksi Mpa ksi Mpa R 11.8** 81** R *Based upon limited data **Significant extrapolation R= Rupture Solution-Annealed Bar* Approximate Initial Stress to Produce Rupture in Temperature 10 h 100 h 1,000 h F C ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa Elevated temperature tensile tests for bar were performed with a strain rate that is no longer standard. These results were from tests with a strain rate of in./in./minute through yield and a crosshead speed of 0.5 in./minute for every inch of reduced test section from yield through failure. The current standard is to use a strain rate of in./ in./minute though yield and a crosshead speed of 0.05 in./minute for every inch of reduced test section from yield through failure. Comparative Rupture Strength, Sheet STRESS TO RUPTURE IN 1,000 HOURS (All Materials Solution Annealed) Stress, ksi F (815 C) 1700 F (925 C) X X Stress, MPa

4 Tensile Properties Solution Heat-Treated Sheet* Test 0.2% Offset Yield Ultimate Tensile Temperature Strength Strength Elongation F C ksi MPa ksi MPa % RT RT *Limited Data Solution Heat-Treated Plate Test 0.2% Offset Ultimate Tensile Temperature Yield Strngth Strength Elongation F C ksi MPa ksi MPa % RT RT Hot-Rolled and 2250 F (1230 C) Solution-Annealed Bar* Test 0.2% Offset Ultimate Tensile Temperature Yield Strength Strength Elongation F C ksi MPa ksi MPa % RT RT *Limited Data RT- Room Temperature

5 Hardness and Grain Size Form Hardness, HRB Typical ASTM Grain Size Sheet Plate Bar All samples tested in solution-annealed condition Cold-Worked Properties HAYNES 25 alloy has excellent strength and hardness characteristics in the cold-worked condition. These high property levels are also evident at elevated temperature, making 25 alloy quite suitable for applications such as ball bearings and bearing races. A modest additional increase in hardness and strength can be achieved through aging of the coldworked material. Typical Tensile Properties, Cold-Worked Sheet* Cold Test 0.2% Offset Ultimate Tensile Reduction Temperature Yield Strength Strength Elongation - F C ksi MPa ksi MPa % *Limited data for cold-rolled inch (1.3 mm) thick sheet

6 Cold-Worked Properties Continued Typical Tensile Properties, Cold-Worked and Aged Sheet* Test 0.2% Offset Ultimate Condition Temperature Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation - F C ksi MPa ksi MPa % 15% CW + Age A % CW + Age A % CW + Age B *Limited data for cold-rolled inch (1.3 mm) thick sheet. Age A = 700 F (370 C)/1 hour Age B = 1100 F (595 C)/2 hours Typical Hardness at 70 F (20 C), Cold-Worked and Aged Sheet* Hardness Rockwell C, After Indicated Level of Cold Work and Subsequent Aging Treatment Cold-Work F (480 C) 1100 F (595 C) % None 5 h 5 h None *Limited data for cold-rolled inch (1.8 mm) thick sheet.

7 Impact Strength Impact Strength Properties, Plate Test Temperature Typical Charpy V-Notch Impact Resistance F C ft.-lbs. J RT RT Thermal Stability When exposed for prolonged periods at intermediate temperatures, HAYNES 25 alloy exhibits a loss of room temperature ductility in much the same fashion as some other solid-solution-strengthened superalloys,such as HASTELLOY X alloy or alloy 625. This behavior occurs as a consequence of the precipitation of deleterious phases. In the case of a 25 alloy, the phase in question is Co 2 W laves phase. HAYNES 188 alloy is significantly better in this regard than 25 alloy; however, for applications where thermal stability is important, 230 alloy is an even better selection. Room-Temperature Properties of Sheet After Thermal Exposure* Exposure Temperature Exposure Time 0.2% Offset Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation F C h ksi MPa ksi MPa % None *Composite of multiple sheet lot tests

8 Physical Properties Physical Property British Units Metric Units Density RT lb/in 3 RT 9.07 g/cm 3 Melting Range F C - Electrical Resistivity Thermal Diffusivity Thermal Conductivity RT- Room Temperature RT 34.9 µohm-in RT 88.6 µohm-cm 200 F 35.9 µohm-in 100 C 91.8 µohm-cm 400 F 37.6 µohm-in 200 C 95.6 µohm-cm 600 F 38.5 µohm-in 300 C 97.6 µohm-cm 800 F 39.1 µohm-in 400 C 98.5 µohm-cm 1000 F 40.4 µohm-in 500 C µohm-cm 1200 F 41.8 µohm-in 600 C µohm-cm 1400 F 42.3 µohm-in 700 C µohm-cm 1600 F 40.6 µohm-in 800 C µohm-cm 1800 F 37.7 µohm-in 900 C µohm-cm C 95.0 µohm-cm 70 F 4.4 x 10-3 in 2 /sec RT 28.3 x 10-3 cm 2 /sec 125 F 4.6 x 10-3 in 2 /sec 100 C 30.1 x 10-3 cm 2 /sec 200 F 4.8 x 10-3 in 2 /sec 200 C 32.7 x 10-3 cm 2 /sec 400 F 5.5 x 10-3 in 2 /sec 300 C 35.6 x 10-3 cm 2 /sec 600 F 6.0 x 10-3 in 2 /sec 400 C 41.2 x 10-3 cm 2 /sec 800 F 6.5 x 10-3 in 2 /sec 500 C 43.5 x 10-3 cm 2 /sec 1000 F 6.9 x 10-3 in 2 /sec 600 C 45.5 x 10-3 cm 2 /sec 1200 F 7.3 x 10-3 in 2 /sec 700 C 47.6 x 10-3 cm 2 /sec 1400 F 7.6 x 10-3 in 2 /sec 800 C 49.6 x 10-3 cm 2 /sec 1600 F 7.7 x 10-3 in 2 /sec 900 C 48.7 x 10-3 cm 2 /sec 1800 F 7.9 x 10-3 in 2 /sec 1000 C 51.6 x 10-3 cm 2 /sec 2000 F 8.3 x 10-3 in 2 /sec F 72 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F 25 C 10.5 W/m- C 125 F 77 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F 100 C 12.0 W/m- C 200 F 83 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F 200 C 14.0 W/m- C 400 F 99 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F 300 C 15.9 W/m- C 600 F 114 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F 400 C 17.7 W/m- C 800 F 127 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F 500 C 19.5 W/m- C 1000 F 140 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F 600 C 21.2 W/m- C 1200 F 152 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F 700 C 22.9 W/m- C 1400 F 165 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F 800 C 24.5 W/m- C 1600 F 178 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F 900 C 26.0 W/m- C 1800 F 191 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F 1000 C 27.5 W/m- C 2000 F 201 Btu-in/ft 2 -h- F - -

9 Physical Properties Continued Physical Property British Units Metric Units 70 F Btu/lb.- F 25 C 403 J/kg- C 125 F Btu/lb.- F 100 C 424 J/kg- C 200 F Btu/lb.- F 200 C 445 J/kg- C 400 F Btu/lb.- F 300 C 455 J/kg- C 600 F Btu/lb.- F 400 C 462 J/kg- C Specific Heat 800 F Btu/lb.- F 500 C 495 J/kg- C 1000 F Btu/lb.- F 600 C 508 J/kg- C 1200 F Btu/lb.- F 700 C 582 J/kg- C 1400 F Btu/lb.- F 800 C 592 J/kg- C 1600 F Btu/lb.- F 900 C 596 J/kg- C 1800 F Btu/lb.- F 1000 C 598 J/kg- C 2000 F Btu/lb.- F F 7.1 µin/in.- F C 12.8 µm/m- C F 7.3 µin/in.- F C 13.1 µm/m- C F 7.5 µin/in.- F C 13.3 µm/m- C F 7.7 µin/in.- F C 13.7 µm/m- C Mean Coefficient of F 7.9 µin/in.- F C 14.0 µm/m- C Thermal Expansion F 8.2 µin/in.- F C 14.6 µm/m- C F 8.6 µin/in.- F C 15.1 µm/m- C F 8.9 µin/in.- F C 15.8 µm/m- C F 9.2 µin/in.- F C 16.2 µm/m- C F 9.5 µin/in.- F C 16.7 µm/m- C Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity RT- Room Temperature RT 32.6 x 10 6 psi RT 225 GPa 200 F 32.3 x 10 6 psi 100 C 222 GPa 400 F 31.0 x 10 6 psi 200 C 214 GPa 600 F 29.4 x 10 6 psi 300 C 204 GPa 800 F 28.3 x 10 6 psi 400 C 197 GPa 1000 F 26.9 x 10 6 psi 500 C 188 GPa 1200 F 25.8 x 10 6 psi 600 C 181 GPa 1400 F 24.3 x 10 6 psi 700 C 174 GPa 1600 F 22.8 x 10 6 psi 800 C 163 GPa 1800 F 21.4 x 10 6 psi 900 C 154 GPa C 146 GPa

10 Wear Resistance HAYNES 25 alloy exhibits excellent resistance to metal galling. Wear results shown below were generated for standard matching material room-temperature pin on block tests. Degrees of damage are given as a function of applied load. The results indicate that 25 alloy is superior in galling resistance to many materials, and is surpassed only by ULTIMET alloy and HAYNES 6B alloy. Both of these materials were specifically designed to have excellent wear resistance. Degrees of Damage for Various Applied Loads Alloy 3,000 lbs. (1,365 kg) 6,000 lbs. (2,725 kg) 9,000 lbs. (4,090 kg) - mils µm mils µm mils µm 6B ULTIMET HR HR Cavitation - Mean Depth of Erosion Alloy 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h mils µm mils µm mils µm mils µm ULTIMET B Not tested Not Tested > Tested in accordance with ASTM G 32 water at 16ºC, with a frequenct of 20 khz and an amplitude of 0.05 mm High-Temperature Hardness The following are results from standard vacuum furnace hot hardness tests. Values are given in originally measured DPH (Vickers) units and conversions to Rockwell C/B scale. Vickers Diamond Pyramid Hardness (Rockwell C/B Hardness) 70 F (20 C) 800 F (425 C) 1000 F (540 C) 1200 F (650 C) 1400 F (760 C) Solution Treated HRC HRC HRB HRB HRB 15% Cold Work HRC HRC HRB HRB % Cold Work HRC HRC HRC HRC % Cold Work HRC HRC HRC HRC - - HRB = Hardness Rockwell B. HRC = Hardness Rockwell C.

11 Aqueous Corrosion Resistance Average Corrosion Rate, per year Alloy 1% HCl (Boiling) 10% H 2 SO 4 (Boiling) 65% HNO 3 (Boiling) - mils mm mils mm mils mm ULTIMET <1 < C Type 316L HAYNES 25 alloy was not designed for resistance to corrosive aqueous media. Representative average corrosion data are given for comparison. For applications requiring corrosion resistance in aqueous environments, ULTIMET alloy and HASTELLOY corrosion-resistant alloys should be considered. Oxidation Resistance HAYNES 25 alloy exhibits good resistance to both air and combustion gas oxidizing environments, and can be used for long-term continuous exposure at temperatures up to 1800 F (980 C). For exposures of short duration, 25 alloy can be used at higher temperatures. Applications for which oxidation resistance is a serious consideration normally call for newer, more capable materials such as 230 alloy or HAYNES 188 alloy. This is particularly important at temperatures above 1800 F (980 C). Comparative Burner Rig Oxidation Resistance 1000 Hour Exposure at 1800 F (980 C) Metal Loss Average Metal Affected Maximum Metal Affected Alloy mils μm mils μm mils μm X SS H Internal oxidation through thickness Oxidation Test Parameters Burner rig oxidation tests were conducted by exposing samples 3/8 in. x 2.5 in. x thickness (9 mm x 64 mm x thickness), in a rotating holder, to products of combustion of No. 2 fuel oil burned at a ratio of air to fuel of about 50:1. (Gas velocity was about 0.3 mach). Samples were automatically removed from the gas stream every 30 minutes and fancooled to near ambient temperature and then reinserted into the flame tunnel.

12 Oxidation Resistance Continued Comparative Oxidation Resistance in Flowing Air* 1800 F (980 C) 2000 F (1095 C) 2100 F (1150 C) Alloy Average Metal Affected** Average Metal Loss Average Metal Affected** Average Metal Loss Average Metal Affected** Average Metal Loss - mils μm mils μm mils μm mils μm mils μm mils μm X HT * Flowing air at a velocity of 7.0 ft./min. (213.4 cm/min.) past the samples. Samples cycled to room temperature once-a-week. ** Metal Loss + Average Internal Penetration. Comparative Burner Rig Oxidation Resistance at 2000 F (1095 C) for 500 Hours Alloy Average Metal Loss per Side Maximum Metal Affected - mils µm mils µm X > 25* >635* - - *> 25 mils (635 µm) in 165 hours Sulfidation Resistance Sulfidation Resistance at 1400 F (760 C) HAYNES 25 alloy has very good resistance to gaseous sulfidation environments encountered in various industrial applications. Tests were conducted at 1400 F (760 C) in a gas mixture consisting of 5 percent H 2, 5 percent CO, 1 percent CO 2, 0.15 percent H 2 S and 0.1 percent H 2 O, balance Ar. Coupons were exposed for 215 hours. This is a severe test, with equilibrium sulfur partial pressure of 10-6 to 10-7 and oxygen partial pressures less than that needed to produce protective chromium oxide scales.

13 Sulfidation Resistance Continued Schematic Representation of Metallographic Technique Used for Evaluating Environmental Tests Fabrication Characteristics Heat Treatment HAYNES 25 alloy is normaly final solution heat-treated at 2150 to 2250 F (1175 to 1230 C) for a time commensurated with section thickness. Annealing during fabrication can be performed at even lower temperatures, but a final, subsequent solution heat treatment is needed to produce optimum properties and structure. Please call Haynes International for further information.

14 Fabrication Characteristics Continued Cold Reduction Subsequent Anneal 0.2% Offset Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation HRC % ksi MPa ksi MPa % None F (1065 C) for 5 min F (1120 C) for 5 min F (1117 C) for 5 min *Based upon cold reductions taken upon inch (2.8 mm) thick sheet. Duplicate tests. HRC = Hardness Rockwell C.

15 Welding HAYNES 25 alloy is readily welded by Gas Tungsten Arc (GTAW), Gas Metal Arc (GMAW), Shielded Metal Arc (SMAW), electron bean welding, and resistance welding techniques. Its welding characteristics are similar to those of HAYNES 188 alloy. Submerged Arc welding is not recommended, as this process is characterized by high heat input to the base metal and slow cooling of the weld. These factors can increase weld restraint and promote cracking. Base Metal Preparation The joint surface and adjacent area should be thoroughly cleaned before welding. All grease, oil, crayon marks, sulfur compounds, and other foreign matter should be removed. Contact with copper or copper-bearing materials in the joint area should be avoided. It is preferable, but not necessary, that the alloy be in the solution-annealed condition when welded. Filler Metal Selection Matching composition filler metal is recommended for joining alloy 25. For shielded metal arc welding, HAYNES 25 alloy electrodes (AMS 5797) are suggested. For dissimilar joining of 25 alloy to nickel-, cobalt-, or iron- base materials, 25 alloy itself (AMS 5796), 230-W filler wire(ams 5839), HAYNES 556 alloy (AMS 5831), HASTELLOY S alloy (AMS 5838), or HASTELLOY W alloy (AMS 5786) welding products are suggested, depending upon the particular case. Please see the Welding and Fabrication brochure or the Haynes Welding SmartGuide for more information. Preheating, Interpass Temperatures, and Post-Weld Heat Treatment Preheat is not required. Preheat is generally specified as room temperature (typical shop conditions). Interpass temperature should be maintained below 200 F (93 C). Auxiliary cooling methods may be used between weld passes, as needed, providing that such methods do not introduce contaminants. Post-weld heat treatment is not generally required for 25 alloy. For further information, please consult the Welding and Fabrication brochure. Welded Tensile - Room Temperature 0.2% Offset Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation Form ksi MPa ksi MPa % Sheet Plate Welded Transverse, GTAW All Weld Metal, SMAW

16 Specifications Specifications HAYNES 25 alloy (UNS R30605) Sheet, Plate & Strip AMS 5537 Billet, Rod & Bar AMS 5759 MIL-C-24252D Coated Electrodes AMS 5797 Bare Welding Rods & Wire AMS 5796 Seamless Pipe & Tube - Welded Pipe & Tube - Fittings - Forgings AMS 5759 DIN - Others MIL-R-5031B Class 13 Codes HAYNES 25 alloy (R30605) MMPDS Disclaimer: Haynes International makes all reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy and correctness of the data in this document but makes no representations or warranties as to the data s accuracy, correctness or reliability. All data are for general information only and not for providing design advice. Alloy properties disclosed here are based on work conducted principally by Haynes International, Inc. and occasionally supplemented by information from the open literature and, as such, are indicative only of the results of such tests and should not be considered guaranteed maximums or minimums. It is the responsibility of the user to test specific alloys under actual service conditions to determine their suitability for a particular purpose. For specific concentrations of elements present in a particular product and a discussion of the potential health affects thereof, refer to the Safety Data Sheets supplied by Haynes International, Inc. All trademarks are owned by Haynes International, Inc., unless otherwise indicated.