EVALUATION OF INJECTION MOLDING CONDITION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF IN SITU POLYPROPYLENE BLENDS
|
|
- Myles Green
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EVALUATION OF INJECTION MOLDING CONDITION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF IN SITU POLYPROPYLENE BLENDS Fernando Costa Almada¹, Marcelo Farah¹, Susana Liberman¹ and Raquel Mauler² 1 - Braskem S. A., Polymer Science Group, Technology and Inovation Center, Triunfo, RS, marcelo.farah@braskem.com.br 2 - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Departamento de Química mauler@iq.ufrgs.br The impact strength of isotatic polypropylene (ipp) can be improved via blending with poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (EPR). In ipp/epr blends, the dispersed-phase morphology described by parameters such as average particle size and particle size distribution plays an essential role in the mechanical properties, especially in impact strength. The Rayleigh-Taylor-Tomotika theory is often used to describe average particle size behavior. However, process variables can change the morphology in immiscible blends, and in this case, affect blend properties. In this study, the influence of injection molding conditions on morphology and mechanical properties of in reactor ipp/epr blends was studied. Three in reactor blends of ipp/epr were and content of EPR, but µ used, each one with a particular viscosity ratio (with the same ethylene content in the EPR phase. Such blends were evaluated before and after injection molding processing. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Intrinsic Viscosity (IV) evaluation were used to validate particle average size behavior with viscosity ratio, in conformity with the Rayleigh-Taylor-Tomotika theory. Modification on Notched Izod Impact Strength was achieved with changes in processing conditions, particularly shear rates. The highest changes in this property (36%) were obtained for PP B, which showed the highest viscosity ratio (µ =1.67). Whereas the lowest variation (9%) occurred in PP A, since its viscosity ratio (µ =0.99) was lower than that for other blends. The processing conditions that lead to greater average particle size resulted in the highest levels of Notched Izod Impact Strength. Besides, it was found an effective particle area that optimizes NIIS 0.19 µm² for PPA, 0.25 um² for PP B and 0.45 um² for PP C. The coalescence process of the EPR phase was favored for in reactor ipp/epr blends with µ > 1, processed with low screw speed (10 rpm). SEM analyses reveal no morphological modification in PP A before and after the injection molding processing and more stable mechanical properties. Introduction Polypropylene blends are the aim of some scientific studies due to the blending possibilities with other polymers resulting in a significant properties increase, mainly on impact strength. The rubber phase can reach a high degree of dispersion in in-situ blends and, because of that, they are also called ipp/epr alloys(1). The EPR morphology can be modified by changes on chemical composition in in-situ polymerization. These modification in the EPR composition can also change the interfacial tension between EPR and ipp matrix. Thus, the dispersion and mechanical properties are affected (2). The influence of the dispersion of the impact modifiers in the mechanical properties have been extensively studied during the last years (3) and earlier studies have also reported the influence of viscosity ratio on average and particle size distribution (4). Processing variables such as temperature and shear rate ( γ& ) were also studied as morphological modifiers of binary systems (5) and some theories are currently accepted (6). However, not much attention has been given to the effect of shear rate on morphology with different viscosity ratios. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of processing conditions on morphology and mechanical properties of in-situ EPR/iPP blend with different viscosity ratios. Experimental Three different polypropylenes copolymers were used in this work and their properties are shown on table 01: Table 01 Copolymer polypropylenes characteristics PPA PPB PPC PP Viscosity 3,21 1,89 2,13 EPR Viscosity 3,18 3,16 2,04 Viscosity ratio 0,99 1,67 1,18 EPR % 18,5 20,7 11,2 The samples were injected in a Sandretto Euromap 612/150 Injection molding machine, model Otto 150, using a ASTM D 638 type I cavity. The injection conditions applied are shown in table 2. The values of injection pressure are proportional to the maximum Injection pressure (1926 bar), with a maximum injection speed set. Table 2 Injection molding condition of the samples Screw Speed(rpm) Injection Pressure(%) Injection Condition
2 The injected samples were analyzed on a cryogenically fractured surface and analyzed on a JEOL-JSM 6060 SEM. The morphological dispersion was analyzed by Image Tool 3 software. Mechanical properties were tested on Instron 4301 and ASTM D-790 standard and CEAST Resil Impactor following ASTM D-256. Rheological data was obtained from compressed samples (raw materials). A Rheometrics SR200, with parallel plates, with 25 mm diameter and 1 mm gap between fixtures, was used at 200 C. Results and Discussion Processing At each condition, the Injection time for different PP s was collected from injection machine and the apparent shear rate was calculated. Since the injections were controlled by pressure, the most viscous resin showed a higher injection time, consequently a lower shear rate (Figure 01). Resins B and C, that show almost the same viscosity curve, show the same injection time at lower injection speed. This time could have been predicted observing the complex viscosity in figure 01-b. At higher speed, a significant difference was observed when the screw speed was low. Since the PPC resin presents smaller amounts of rubber, the lower screw speed apparently did not promote a complete melt of the material, which was indicated by the lower shear rate in injection condition ,E+05 Nominal Shear Rate (s-1) PPA PPB PPC η* (Pa.s) PP A PP B PP C 1,E+04 1,E+03 1,E+02 1,E-02 1,E-01 1,E+00 1,E+01 1,E+02 Injection condition a) b) Figure 01 a) Apparent viscosity on Injection conditions and b) complex viscosity PP s. ω (Hz) Shear rate increased at higher screw rotation speed (conditions 1-3 and 2-4). Probably, an additional melt temperature has been reached, and at the same injection pressure, the part has been filled faster by the polymer mass. Morphology The original morphologies of the cpp s are shown in figure 02: PP B PP B PP C Figure 02 Copolymers morphologies as synthesized from reactor.
3 Figure 03 - Domain size and cumulative 90% particles area for original samples. It is known that samples have the same molar rubber composition; the bright points (PE inside EPR drops) are also similar in figure 2. This is an important fact because these samples were produced by compression molding, therefore in the absence of flow action. This way, the phase distribution has been considered the initial morphology of pellets. These results confirm the theory that, as close to 1 the viscosity ratio, smaller the particles size are because the pellets came from an extrusion processing. Applying the processing conditions, the following morphologies were obtained: PP A Screw rotation Injection pressure ratio Figure 04 PPA changes over injection molding conditions. For A system, no significant changes on morphologies were observed, except on low screw rotation and high injection velocity, where the samples seem to be larger. The accumulative drop areas were measured and the results are shown in figure 05.
4 Figure 05 - Size distribution of particles on different injection molding conditions to PPA. It was observed that, to lower injections speeds, a higher number of small particles were present in the samples. It could be explained by an increase on shear rate in more inner regions in the sample or by some coalescence phenomenon in high injection condition. The increase of frozen layer near the cavity wall increases the shear rate, which can be illustrated in figure 06. In lower injection speed, higher heat transfer mold wall/polymer happens, decreasing the flow area and increasing the shear level and position of its maximum. Figure 06 - Increase on shear rate in the thicker frozen(crystalline) layer. To PPB morphologies: P P B Screw rotation Injection pressure ratio Figure 07 PPB changes over injection molding conditions.
5 The accumulative curve can be seen on figure 08: Figure 08- Size distribution of particles on different injection molding conditions to PPB. On this polymer sample, the morphology of original pellets was not maintained. This sample shows the higher evidence of dependence of morphologies to the viscosity ratio (1,67), as the theory predicted, and it can be proved by accumulative curves, where a higher difference of particles area (size) distribution can be observed. To PPC morphologies: PP C Screw rotation Figure 09 - PPC changes over injection molding conditions. Injection pressure ratio As in PPB samples, the injected samples did not maintain the original morphology. Not so circular particles can be observed, probably due to the viscosity ratio close to 1, and lower EPR molecular weight. Figure 10 - Size distribution of particles on different injection molding conditions to PPC.
6 On this sample, there is a more evident effect of smaller particles generation at low injection speed. Although a smaller amount of EPR exists in this sample, a correlation among particles size, viscosity and elasticity can explain the behavior of this sample. Mechanical Properties The mechanical properties of these samples are show in figures PPA - Mechanical Properties No break Impact 23 C [J/m] Flexure modulus [MPa] Impact -20 C [J/m] /10 10/90 200/10 200/ Figure 11 - Mechanical properties measured for PPA samples in different injection condition. For sample PPA, higher injection speed generates higher flexural modulus. Comparing size distribution, we can considered that the increase of smaller particles slickly decreases the final property of the material. None influence or standard characteristics in impact properties could be observed PPB - Mechanical Properties Impact 23 C [J/m] Impact -20 C [J/m] Flexure modulus [MPa] /10 10/90 200/10 200/ Figure 12 - Mechanical properties measured for PPB samples in different injection condition. For PPB samples, higher injection speed generates higher flexural modulus at lower screw speed. This effect could be generated by lower melt temperature in the absence of shear on the injection machine screw, increasing the effect of frozen layer formation. The behavior of PPA sample for flexure modulus was observed in the impact at 23 C for PPB, where the higher injection speed, the greater the Impact at 23 C at the same screw rotation. In the forming process of small particles, it was observed a decrease in the effectiveness of toughness mechanisms. This is a strong evidence of a particle critical size in these samples.
7 PPC - Mechanical Properties Impact 23 C [J/m] Impact -20 C [J/m] Flexure modulus [MPa] /10 10/90 200/10 200/ Figure 13 - Mechanical properties measured for PPC samples in different injection condition. In PPC samples, no changes on flexure modulus or impact at low temperature were observed. However, in the impact at room temperature, the increase of the injection speed reduced the property. Comparing PPB and PPC samples a competition between blend and matrix effects, which present opposite behavior, can be suggested. Comparing the level of changes on properties due to the processing conditions, it can be seen a strong influence of viscosity ratio, as show in figure 14, where the higher the distance to ideal value of 1 to viscosity ratio, the greater the variation on properties depending of the processing conditions (to impact at 23 C) is. Figure 14 Properties changing on Impact properties of different PP. In the analyzed system, the PPA sample (µ close to 1) shows a stable morphology, very important to industrial resins because much more stable properties can be maintained in different machines or injection molding conditions. In other samples (PPB and PPC), the final properties can be different, for different costumers. Specific analyses in each one must be done to get the best resins performance. Different ideal particles area are obtained to each sample, being 0,19µm² to PPA, 0,25µm² to PPB and 0,45µm² to PPC. It is evident how complex the system PP/EPR behavior is on commercial resins. Conclusion The Rayleigh Taylor Tomotika theory was validated for PP/EPR system, where as close to 1 the viscosity ratio of phases, smaller particles size were obtained. The final properties variation was higher as the viscosity ratio was higher, being much more sensitive to changing on processing conditions. Very small size particles do not increase the impact properties because they could be smaller than best particles size. The particles must be bigger or equal to the critical size to be more effective. Effects of matrix morphology (shear induced crystallized layer) and rubber viscosity could be conclusive on results interpretation and mechanism description. The final properties were sensitive to morphologies, but no simple correlations were observed. Each system shows different behavior, probably due to different critical particle sizes.
8 References 1. Fan Z, Zhang Y, Xu J, Wang H, Feng L. Polymer 2001, 42, E. P. Moore in Polypropylene Handbook: Polymerization, Characterization, Properties, Applications, Hanser Publishers, Karger-Kocsis J, Kalló A, Kuleznev V N. Polymer 1984, 25, D Orazio L, Mancarella C, Martuscelli E, Polato F. Polymer 1991, 32, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Zhang Q, Gao X-L, Fu Q. Polymer 2003, 44, Pesnau, I., Ait Kadi, A., Cassagnau, PH, Michel, A. and Boumina, M., Pol. Eng. and Sci.,2002, 42(10), 1990.
EFFECT OF BOTH TALC FINENESS AND TALC LOADING ON HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION OF BLOCK COPOLYMER POLYPROPYLENE
EFFECT OF BOTH TALC FINENESS AND TALC LOADING ON HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION OF BLOCK COPOLYMER POLYPROPYLENE Piergiovanni Ercoli Malacari, IMIFabi Spa, Milano, Italy Abstract The heterogeneous nucleation
More informationTHE EFFECT OF PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT ON THE MICROSTRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF PROPYLENE- ETHYLENE BLOCK COPOLYMER
THE EFFECT OF PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT ON THE MICROSTRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF PROPYLENE- ETHYLENE BLOCK COPOLYMER Major, I.F.M and McNally, G.M. Polymer Processing Research Centre, Queen s
More informationBRITTLE-TO-TOUGH TRANSITION IN TOUGHENED POLYPROPYLENE COPOLYMERS
BRITTLE-TO-TOUGH TRANSITION IN TOUGHENED POLYPROPYLENE COPOLYMERS W. Grellmann 1, S. Seidler, I. Kotter 1 1 Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Materials Science D-699 Halle/Saale,
More informationIn-situ microfibrillar PP PA6 composites: rheological, morphological and mechanical properties
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 40, No. 5, September 2017, pp. 971 982 DOI 10.7/s12034-017-1469-y Indian Academy of Sciences In-situ microfibrillar PP PA6 composites: rheological, morphological and mechanical
More informationM. Oishi et al. Nano Studies, 2015, 11, DEVELOPMENT OF THERMOPLASTIC STARCH NANOCOMPOSITES FOR WET CONDITIONS
M. Oishi et al. Nano Studies, 2015, 11, 69-74. DEVELOPMENT OF THERMOPLASTIC STARCH NANOCOMPOSITES FOR WET CONDITIONS M. Oishi 1, 2, Ch. Dal Castel 1, R. Park 1, B. Wolff 1, 3, L. Simon 1 1 University of
More informationStudy of form and structure in an injection molding process for polyethylene/polycarbonate and polyethylene/polyethylene terephthalate blended parts
J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 5(7S)284-289, 2015 2015, TextRoad Publication ISSN: 2090-4274 Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com Study of form and structure in an injection
More informationPolyolefin Composites Filled with Magnesium Hydroxide
Polyolefin Composites Filled with Magnesium Hydroxide Polyolefin Composites Filled with Magnesium Hydroxide Song Zhu, Yong Zhang*, Yinxi Zhang Research Institute of Polymer Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong
More informationMECHANICAL, PHYSICAL, AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE REINFORCED SHORT CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES WITH DIFFERENT FIBER LENGTH
MECHANICAL, PHYSICAL, AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE REINFORCED SHORT CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES WITH DIFFERENT FIBER LENGTH Harri Junaidi 1, Abdulrahman Alfawzan 1, Sattam Aloraini 1, Turki Almutairi
More informationDOW CORNING MB Masterbatch
Product Information DOW CORNING MB50 001 Masterbatch FEATURES Imparts processing improvements and modified surface characteristics BENEFITS Improved throughput Reduced energy consumption Enhanced scratch
More informationPolypropylene Based Olefin Block Copolymers for Clear Cold Tough Application
Polypropylene Based Olefin Block Copolymers for Clear Cold Tough Application Jihean Lee, Colin Li Pi Shan, Ray Laakso, Lisa Madenjian, Eddy Garcia-Meitin, Michael White The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport,
More informationMECHANOCHEMICAL RECYCLING AND PROCESSING OF WASTE CROSSLINKED POLYMERS: WASTE TIRE RUBBER AND WASTE XLPE FROM CABLE SCRAPS
The 5 th ISFR (October 11-14, 2009, Chengdu, China) MECHANOCHEMICAL RECYCLING AND PROCESSING OF WASTE CROSSLINKED POLYMERS: WASTE TIRE RUBBER AND WASTE XLPE FROM CABLE SCRAPS Canhui Lu*, Xinxing Zhang,
More informationEffect of Modifying Agent (ACR) on Cell Structure and Mechanical Properties of Extrusion-Foamed PVC Sheet
International Conference on Architectural, Civil and Hydraulics Engineering (ICACHE 2015) Effect of Modifying Agent (ACR) on Cell Structure and Mechanical Properties of Extrusion-Foamed PVC Sheet Mingyi
More informationRole of PET in improving wear properties of PP in dry sliding condition
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 6, October 2003, pp. 579 583. Indian Academy of Sciences. Role of PET in improving wear properties of PP in dry sliding condition SOMIT NEOGI, S A R HASHMI* and NAVIN CHAND
More informationEffect of Cenosphere Concentration on the Mechanical, Thermal, Rheological and Morphological Properties of Nylon 6
Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2012, 11, 807-812 Published Online August 2012 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jmmce) Effect of Cenosphere Concentration on the Mechanical,
More informationMICROCELLULAR NANOCOMPOSITE INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS
MICROCELLULAR NANOCOMPOSITE INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS Mingjun Yuan (1),Lih-Sheng Turng (1)*, Rick Spindler (2), Daniel Caulfield (3),Chris Hunt (3) (1) Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
More informationCELCON M25 POM Unfilled
Description Celcon acetal copolymer grade M25 is a high molecular weight, higher toughness and impact resistance grade primarily used for extrusion and selected injection molding applications. Physical
More informationCELCON M25 POM Unfilled
Description Celcon acetal copolymer grade M25 is a high molecular weight, higher toughness and impact resistance grade primarily used for extrusion and selected injection molding applications. Physical
More informationIonomer compatibilised PA6/EVA blends: mechanical properties and morphological characterisation
Ionomer compatibilised PA6/EVA blends: mechanical properties and morphological characterisation Arup R. Bhattacharyya 1, Anup K. Ghosh, Ashok Misra* Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute
More informationImproving the sustainability of thermoformed polyolefin food packaging through UPES interpolymer modification
Improving the sustainability of thermoformed polyolefin food packaging through UPES interpolymer modification Presenter: Dr. Eric Vignola ASTM Committee D10 Workshop on Packaging October 12, 2010 San Antonio,
More informationStudies on Mechanical, Thermal, Eletrical Properties and Characterisation of Recycled PET with ABS Compatibilized By Glycerol
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-issn: 2278-5736.Volume 7, Issue 12 Ver. II. (Dec. 2014), PP 11-16 Studies on Mechanical, Thermal, Eletrical Properties and Characterisation of Recycled PET
More informationMelt-Mastication for Polyolefin Nanocomposite Dispersions
Melt-Mastication for Polyolefin Nanocomposite Dispersions Brian M. Cromer, E. Bryan Coughlin, and Alan J. Lesser University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst MA Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
More informationPOLYPROPYLENE-RICH BLENDS WITH ETHYLENE/
POLYPROPYLENE-RICH BLENDS WITH ETHYLENE/ -OLEFIN COPOLYMERS COMPATIBILIZED WITH INTUNE POLYPROPYLENE-BASED OLEFIN BLOCK COPOLYMERS Jeff Munro, Yushan Hu, Ray Laakso, Lisa Madenjian, Steve Werner, Gary
More informationSolubility of Small-molecule Drugs into Polymer Excipients in Hot Melt Extruded Dosage Forms
ANNUAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORDIC RHEOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL. 22, 204 Solubility of Small-molecule Drugs into Polymer Excipients in Hot Melt Extruded Dosage Forms Johanna Aho, Magnus Edinger, Johan P. Boetker,
More informationProduct Information Plastics Dow Corning MB Masterbatch
Product Information Plastics Dow Corning MB50-001 Masterbatch FEATURES & BENEFITS Imparts processing improvements and modified surface characteristics Improved throughput Reduced energy consumption Enhanced
More informationEffect of Particle Size and Concentration of Flyash on Properties of Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomer Composites
Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 8, No.3, pp 237-248, 2009 jmmce.org Printed in the USA. All rights reserved Effect of Particle Size and Concentration of Flyash on Properties
More informationPolyamide Reinforced EPDM Compatibilized with Maleic Anhydride Grafted Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber
Polyamide Reinforced EPDM Compatibilized with Maleic Anhydride Grafted Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber Polyamide Reinforced EPDM Compatibilized with Maleic Anhydride Grafted Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber
More informationEffect of Processing Parameters on Polypropylene Film Properties
Vol.2, Issue.5, Sep.-Oct. 2012 pp-3056-3060 ISSN: 2249-6645 Effect of Processing Parameters on Polypropylene Film Properties Ikilem Gocek 1, Sabit Adanur 2 1 (Department of Textile Engineering, Istanbul
More informationStress-Strain Behavior
15-1 CHAPTER 15 CHARACTERISTICS, APPLICATIONS, AND PROCESSING OF POLYMERS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Stress-Strain Behavior which is 15.1 From Figure 15.3, the elastic modulus is the slope in the elastic linear
More informationEffects of PP-g-MAH on the Mechanical, Morphological and Rheological Properties of Polypropylene and Poly(Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) Blends
Macromolecular Research, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp 417-423 (2009) Effects of PP-g-MAH on the Mechanical, Morphological and Rheological Properties of Polypropylene and Poly(Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) Blends
More informationCompatibilized PP/EPDM-Kenaf Fibre Composite using Melt Blending Method
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 264-265 (2011) pp 743-747 Online available since 2011/Jun/30 at www.scientific.net (2011) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.743
More informationADHESION ADDITIVE INFLUENCE ON PA6 NANO POLYMER COMPOSITES PROPERTIES. Jiří HABR, Petr LENFELD, Jiří BOBEK, Luboš BĚHÁLEK
ADHESION ADDITIVE INFLUENCE ON PA6 NANO POLYMER COMPOSITES PROPERTIES Jiří HABR, Petr LENFELD, Jiří BOBEK, Luboš BĚHÁLEK Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic, EU jiri.habr@tul.cz, petr.lenfeld@tul.cz,
More informationStudy on blending modification of waste flame-retardant HIPS plastic
Study on blending modification of waste flame-retardant HIPS plastic Yuan CHEN 1, Ya-lin HU, Lie-qiang CHEN, Jin-hui LI 1 1Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 84,
More informationEffects of Melt Temperature and Hold Pressure on the Tensile and Fatigue Properties of an Injection Molded Talc-Filled Polypropylene
Effects of Melt Temperature and Hold Pressure on the Tensile and Fatigue Properties of an Injection Molded Talc-Filled Polypropylene Yuanxin Zhou, P.K. Mallick Center for Lightweighting Automotive Materials
More informationM. Sawant 1, B. F. Jogi 1, P. K. Brahmankar 1, D. Ratna 2
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN(e) : 2278-1684, ISSN(p) : 2320 334X, PP : 06-10 www.iosrjournals.org Study of Mechanical Properties of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
More informationIN-SITU POLYMERIZATION OF REINFORCED THERMOPLASTICS
IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION OF REINFORCED THERMOPLASTICS Jim Mihalich Cyclics Corp Abstract Most reinforced thermoplastics are produced from fully polymerized resins which are then introduced to the reinforcement
More informationDevelopment of Advanced Structural Foam Injection Molding. Kye Kim. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Development of Advanced Structural Foam Injection Molding Kye Kim A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF APPLIED SCIENCE Supervisor: Park, C.B. Department
More informationRelationship of Mechanical Properties between Neat PP/SEBS Blends and Syntactic PP/SEBS Foams with Polymer Microballoons
(Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan), Vol. 57, No. 12, pp. 1253-1260, Dec. 2008 Original Papers Relationship of Mechanical Properties between Neat PP/SEBS Blends and Syntactic PP/SEBS Foams
More informationFracture characteristics of high impact polystyrene under impact fatigue loadings
J Mater Sci (2009) 44:4308 4314 DOI 10.1007/s10853-009-3640-3 Fracture characteristics of high impact polystyrene under impact fatigue loadings Taner Yilmaz Æ Tulin Sahin Æ Tamer Sinmazcelik Received:
More informationSIMPLIFIED MODELS FOR SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUSION APPLICATIONS
SIMPLIFIED MODELS FOR SINGLE-SCREW EXRUSION APPLICAIONS L. A. Vignol, N. S. Cardozo *, A. R. Secchi, F. Angiolini 2, M. D. Pizzol 2, Departamento de Engenharia Química - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
More informationAcrylic Block Copolymer for Adhesive Application
Acrylic Block Copolymer for Adhesive Application Shinya Oshita, Advanced Adhesives Engineer, KURARITY Business Promotion Department, Kuraray Co., Ltd., JAPAN Ken Tomono, Sales Manager, SEPTON Business
More informationPROPERTIES OF THERMOFORMED LOW DENSITY GLASS REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC SHEET
PROPERTIES OF THERMOFORMED LOW DENSITY GLASS REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC SHEET P.J. Bates, Royal Military College of Canada A. Chesney, V. Bertrand, Queen s University M-A Rainville, National Research Council
More informationMECHANICAL AND ADHESIVE PROPERTIES OF ARAMID/NYLON INSERT INJECTION MOLDING COMPOSITES
MECHANICAL AND ADHESIVE PROPERTIES OF ARAMID/NYLON INSERT INJECTION MOLDING COMPOSITES Badin Pinpathomrat, Hiroyuki Hamada Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan Abstract A new joining method called
More informationMorphological and Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Samples
Submitted to Polymer Testing (216 September) Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Samples Bela Molnar 1 1, a) and Ferenc Ronkay 1 Department
More informationUTILIZING OF B CLASS CARBON FIBER IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS
UTILIZING OF B CLASS CARBON FIBER IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS Hiromishi So, Taiei Kusuhara SJJ Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan Hiroyuki Inoya, Supaphorn Thumsorn, Hiroyuki Hamada Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto,
More informationEXTRUSION FOAMING OF POLY(STYRENE-CO-ACRYLONITRILE) USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE. fax:
EXTRUSION FOAMING OF POLY(STYRENE-CO-ACRYLONITRILE) USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE Laetitia Urbanczyk 1*, Cédric Calberg 2, Michael Alexandre 1, Christine Jerome 1 and Christophe Detrembleur 1 1 Center
More informationRheological Studies on Radiation Modified Polyethylene Resins. Song Cheng* and Ed Phillips
Rheological Studies on Radiation Modified Polyethylene Resins Song Cheng* and Ed Phillips Sterigenics Advanced Applications, 7695 Formula Place, San Diego, CA 92121-2418 * Corresponding author. Email address:
More informationEffects of fibre content on mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of short carbon fibre reinforced geopolymer matrix composites
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 32, No. 1, February 2009, pp. 77 81. Indian Academy of Sciences. Effects of fibre content on mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of short carbon fibre reinforced geopolymer
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INJECTION MOLDED MICROCELLULAR POLYPROPYLENE (PP)/CARBON FIBER COMPOSITE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INJECTION MOLDED MICROCELLULAR POLYPROPYLENE (PP)/CARBON FIBER COMPOSITE P.Selvakumar and Naresh Bhatnagar * Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute
More informationCompressive Properties and Morphology of Polypropylene/Polycarbonate Blends
2011 International Conference on Environment and Industrial Innovation IPCBEE vol.12 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Compressive Properties and Morphology of Polypropylene/Polycarbonate Blends Muhammad
More informationSchool of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi 3, Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia
Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 18 (2): 427 432 (2010) ISSN: 0128-7680 Universiti Putra Malaysia Press The Effect of Polypropylene Maleic Anhydride (Ppmah) on Properties of Polypropylene (Pp)/Recycled Acrylonitrile
More informationWood and Mineral Fillers for Injection Molding Grade Polypropylene
Wood and Mineral Fillers for Injection Molding Grade Polypropylene Brent English, Industrial Specialist Nicole Stark, Chemical Engineer Craig Clemens, Chemical Engineer, USDA Forest Service Forest Products
More informationCOMPOSITES OF POLYPROPYLENE AND HYDROXYAPATITE: EFFECTS OF COPOLYMERS OF PROPYLENE AND ACRYLIC ACID ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
COMPOSITES OF POLYPROPYLENE AND HYDROXYAPATITE: EFFECTS OF COPOLYMERS OF PROPYLENE AND ACRYLIC ACID ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES R. Perera 1, C. Albano 2, R. Casella 2, L. Cataño 3, A. Karam 3, G. González
More informationSoft, Processable SEBS Polymers for Compounds
Back to Index Soft, Processable SEBS Polymers for Compounds Dale Handlin Ph.D., Ching Ting Ph.D., Ziv Cheng, and Parashar Davé TSRC-Dexco Polymers, Plaquemine, LA, USA Abstract Two of the important trends
More informationFOAM PERFORMANCE OF A NEW HMS-PP
FOAM PERFORMANCE OF A NEW HMS-PP Marcelo Farah* (1), Ana Paula de Azeredo (1), Steven M. Krupinski (2) and Kimberly M. McLoughlin (2) 1) Polymer Science, Braskem SA, Triunfo, RS, Brazil 2) Product Development,
More informationCHAPTER 3 MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND EXPERIMENTATION
68 CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND EXPERIMENTATION 3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with materials, testing equipments and experimental methods implemented in the current study. The type of matrix,
More informationThe Influence of the Extrusion Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of MMT Filled PA 6 Composite
The Influence of the Extrusion Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of MMT Filled PA 6 Composite The Influence of the Extrusion Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of MMT Filled PA 6 Composite
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS. Manufacturing materials, IE251 Dr M. Eissa
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS, IE251 Dr M. Eissa MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 1. Bending Test (Slide 3) 2. Shear Test (Slide 8) 3. Hardness (Slide 14) 4. Effect of Temperature on Properties
More informationELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE EXTRUDED FILAMENTS OF POLY ANILINE/POLYMER BLENDS. Department of Materials Engineering
ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE EXTRUDED FILAMENTS OF POLY ANILINE/POLYMER BLENDS M. Zilberman and A. Siegmann Department of Materials Engineering M. Narkis* Department of Chemical Engineering Technion - Israel
More informationThe Influence of Process Conditions on the Local Shrinkage of the Injection Moulded Natural Fibre Composite with Polypropylene Matrix
International Conference of Electrical, Automation and Mechanical Engineering (EAME 2015) The Influence of Process Conditions on the Local Shrinkage of the Injection Moulded Natural Fibre Composite with
More informationChapter 2 Materials and Methods
Chapter 2 Materials and Methods This chapter deals with the details of materials used, the experimental techniques employed for the preparation of microfibrillar composites from polypropylene/poly (ethylene
More informationRiteflex thermoplastic polyester elastomer Short Term Properties Brochure Riteflex
Riteflex thermoplastic polyester elastomer Short Term Properties Brochure Thermoplastic polyester elastomer Riteflex Thermoplastic polyester elastomer RF-4 Ticona A business of Celanese AG Riteflex Thermoplastic
More informationSTP772-EB/Jun Index
STP772-EB/Jun. 1982 Index Acoustic emission monitoring, 106-112 Aerospace applications, 64, 133, 225 Agglomerations, fiber, 6, 9, 47 Analysis (see Testing, Thermal mechanical analysis technique, Ultrasonic
More informationBLOW MOULDING. Blow moulding is a process used to produce hollow objects from thermoplastic.
1 BLOW MOULDING Blow moulding is a process used to produce hollow objects from thermoplastic. The basic blow moulding process has two fundamental phases. First, a parison (or a preform) of hot plastic
More informationINFLUENCE OF HOT MELT ADHESIVE CONTAMINANTS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECOMPOUNDED THERMOPLASTICS
International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design & Manufacturing, Vol. 1, No. 4, 21 Printed in the U.S.A. INFLUENCE OF HOT MELT ADHESIVE CONTAMINANTS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECOMPOUNDED
More informationSilicone masterbatch additives for improved plastics processing
Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, No. 11, 2000, p. 778 masterbatch additives for improved plastics processing V.B. John and H. Rubroeder* Translation submitted by C. Hinchliffe Selected from International Polymer
More informationThe effect of crystallinity on the mechanical properties of plain woven carbon reinforced composites using polypropylene
High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials 31 The effect of crystallinity on the mechanical properties of plain woven carbon reinforced composites using polypropylene H. Katogi & K.
More informationMelting point: 133 C. Algro Brits. ph:
CHAPTER 6 MATERIALS AND SAMPLE PREPARATION 6.1 Materials Two different urea-polymer systems were investigated as potential compoundable moulding compounds: Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) Glycerine plasticised
More informationInvestigation of the properties of PBT/ABS-g-GMA blends modified with epoxy resin of mid-molecular weights
e-polymers 2007, no. 142 http://www.e-polymers.org ISSN 1618-7229 Investigation of the properties of PBT/ABS-g-GMA blends modified with epoxy resin of mid-molecular weights Shulin Sun 1, Zhicheng Chen
More informationEngineering. Composiies. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Croup. Boca Raton London New York. CRC Press is an imprint of the
Engineering Design with Polymers and Composiies Second Edition lames G. Gerdeen, PhD, PE Ronald A. L. Rorrer, PhD, PE CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint
More informationHigh Modulus Carbon Fibres in Super-Structural Compounds
High Modulus Carbon Fibres in Super-Structural Compounds As a matter of fact, even if composite properties guarantee the best answer to the most severe project requirements, many industrial products can
More informationTHERMOPLASTIC PREPREG INSERT INJECTION MOLDING COMPOSITES: MECHANICAL AND ADHESIVE PROPERTIES. Introduction
THERMOPLASTIC PREPREG INSERT INJECTION MOLDING COMPOSITES: MECHANICAL AND ADHESIVE PROPERTIES Badin Pinpathomrat, Akihiko Imajo, Supaphorn Thumsorn, Hiroyuki Hamada Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto,
More informationMechanical Properties of Bulk Metallic Glasses and composites
Mechanical Properties of Bulk Metallic Glasses and composites M.L. Lee 1 *, Y. Li 1, 2, Y. Zhong 1, C.W. Carter 1, 3 1. Advanced Materials for Micro- and Nano- Systems Programmes, Singapore-MIT Alliance,
More informationwww.reedychemicalfoam.com FOAMS 2016 Kinetic Nucleators maximize cell distribution in foam extrusion September 14-15, 2016 2 1. Why Use Chemical Foam? 2. CFA types 3. Modern CFA Expectations 4. Nucleation
More informationPROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF NEW POLYIMIDE COMPOSITES WITH HIGH TEMPERATURE ABILITY
PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF NEW POLYIMIDE COMPOSITES WITH HIGH TEMPERATURE ABILITY P Fernberg a,b*, G. Gong a, P. Mannberg a a Swerea SICOMPAB,P.O. Box 271, SE-941 26 Piteå, Sweden b Luleå University
More informationThermal, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Poly (Hydroxybutyrate) and Polypropylene Blends After Processing
s Research, Vol. 12, No. 2, 159-164, 2009 2009 Thermal, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Poly (Hydroxybutyrate) and Polypropylene Blends After Processing Wagner Mauricio Pachekoski*, José Augusto
More informationModification of porous PVC particles with polyacrylate elastomers using a surfactant-free aqueous dispersion polymerization technique
e-polymers 2009, no. 066 http://www.e-polymers.org ISSN 1618-7229 Modification of porous particles with polyacrylate elastomers using a surfactant-free aqueous dispersion polymerization technique Shir
More informationEffect of Hydrocarbon Solutions on Polymer Concrete
Dr. Sanaa Abdul Hadi Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology/Baghdad. Mustafa Hassan Omar Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology/Baghdad. Email:entaomritofi8@yahoo.com Received
More informationProf. Alcides Lopes Leäo Biocomposites on the Base of Thermoplastic Starch Filled by Wood and Kenaf Fiber
Prof. Alcides Lopes Leäo Biocomposites on the Base of Thermoplastic Starch Filled by Wood and Kenaf Fiber KEYWORDS: Thermoplastic starch, Mechanical & physical properties, Reinforcements The increasing
More informationCalcium Carbonate in Blown HDPE Film
Calcium Carbonate in Blown HDPE Film New Developments to Increase Productivity and Profitability by Gil Morieras - Marketing Manager Polyolefines (Omya) and Dr. Gerard Schaeffer (GS Technology) Many interesting
More informationRheological Indicators to Predict the Extrusion Coating Performance of LDPE. Per-Åke Clevenhag and Claes Oveby Tetra Pak Carton Ambient AB ABSTRACT
Rheological Indicators to Predict the Extrusion Coating Performance of LDPE Per-Åke Clevenhag and Claes Oveby Tetra Pak Carton Ambient AB ABSTRACT LDPE from high-pressure autoclave reactors for extrusion
More informationPolymethyl methacrylate based open-cell porous plastics for high-pressure ceramic casting
Materials Science and Engineering A 385 (2004) 279 285 Polymethyl methacrylate based open-cell porous plastics for high-pressure ceramic casting Y. Ergün a, C. Dirier b,m.tanoğlu c, a Material Science
More informationDual Wall Heat-Shrinkable Tubing with Hot-Melt Inner Layer
AUTOMOTIVE Dual Wall Heat-Shrinkable Tubing with Hot-Melt Inner Layer Satoshi YAMASAKI*, Taro FUJITA, Shinya NISHIKAWA, Yasutaka EMOTO, Ryouhei FUJITA, and Shuji AZUMA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More information2011 ACCE. C. H. Choi. Research & Development Division
2011 ACCE C. H. Choi Hyundai Kia Motors Research & Development Division Contents 1. Introduction 2. Applications of Thermoplastic Composites High Flow TPO Long Glass Fiber Reinforced PP Glass Microsphere
More informationEffect of processing conditions on mechanical and barrier properties of PLA/Clay nanocomposites
Effect of processing conditions on mechanical and barrier properties of PLA/Clay nanocomposites Yoji NAKADE a*, Tatsuya TANAKA b, Yoshihiko ARAO b a Graduate school of Doshisha University b Depertment
More informationCompounding and Processing Additives for Woodfiber-Plastic Composites
Struktol Company of America 201 E. Steels Corners Road P.O. Box 1649 Stow, OH 44224-0649 (330) 928-5188 Fax (330) 928-8726 Compounding and Processing Additives for Woodfiber-Plastic Composites Presented
More informationAPPLICATION Additive in polypropylene-compatible systems. TYPICAL PROPERTIES DESCRIPTION
Product Information Plastics DOW CORNING MB50 001 Masterbatch FEATURES Imparts processing improvements and modified surface characteristics BENEFITS Improved throughput Reduced energy consumption Enhanced
More informationEffect of Ti Addition and Mechanical Alloying on Mechanical Properties of an AA7050 Extruded Aluminium Alloy. Brazil
Effect of Ti Addition and Mechanical Alloying on Mechanical Properties of an AA7050 Extruded Aluminium Alloy K. R. Cardoso 1, V. Sinka 1, A. García Escorial 2, M. Lieblich 2 1 IP&D UNIVAP, Av. Shishima
More informationLOW AND HIGH SHEAR RATE RHEOLOGY OF INJECTION MOULDING GRADE LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS
LOW AND HIGH SHEAR RATE RHEOLOGY OF INJECTION MOULDING GRADE LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS Ahmed Rahman, Rahul K Gupta*, Sati N. Bhattacharya, Shishir Ray 1 and Franco Costa 1 Rheology and Materials Processing
More informationFRACTURE CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE PLLA POLYMER BLENDS
16 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS FRACTURE CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE PLLA POLYMER BLENDS Mitsugu Todo*, Ayako Harada**, Hideto Tsuji*** *Research Institute for Applied Mechanics,
More informationElectrical and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Black Composites
Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Black Composites YASIN KANBUR* Department of Polymer Science and Technology Middle East Technical University, Turkey ZUHAL KU C ÜKYAVUZ Chemistry
More informationImproving Thermal Efficiency of Single Screw Extrusion
Improving Thermal Efficiency of Single Screw Extrusion Modified on Saturday, 02 May 2015 12:02 AM by mpieler Categorized as: Paper of the Month Improving Thermal Efficiency of Single Screw Extrusion A.
More informationNovel Functionalised Ethylene Acrylate Copolymers as Polymer Modifiers
Novel Functionalised Ethylene Acrylate Copolymers as Polymer Modifiers Novel Functionalised Ethylene Acrylate Copolymers as Polymer Modifiers Karlheinz Hausmann, Richard T. Chou and Coreen Y. Lee DuPont
More informationTI Typical HDPE raw material and pipe test methods EDITION 0607 PAGE 1/10
PAGE 1/10 Typical HDPE raw material and pipe test methods We hereby want to provide an overview of the most common test methods Index Tests Page Density 2/10 Melt Index 2/10 Tensile Properties 3/10 Flexural
More informationEFFECT OF INDIAN LIGNOCELLULOSIC FILLERS ON IMPACT PROPERTY OF GPPS
EFFECT OF INDIAN LIGNOCELLULOSIC FILLERS ON IMPACT PROPERTY OF GPPS D.K.Verma 1*, M. A. Siddiqui 2,S.C.Srivastava 3 1* M.Tech, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University deepak.vermag@gmail.com
More informationCommercial: Active Africa & Middle East Asia Pacific. RoHS Compliant Beige Pellets Extrusion Blow Molding Fiber (Spinning) Extrusion Film Extrusion
Technical Data Sheet AvaSpire AV-621 is an unreinforced (PAEK) that offers improved ductility and impact strength relative to PEEK while retaining most of the key performance attributes of PEEK. The AV-621
More informationCommercial: Active Africa & Middle East Asia Pacific. RoHS Compliant Beige Pellets Extrusion Blow Molding Fiber (Spinning) Extrusion Film Extrusion
Technical Data Sheet AvaSpire AV-621 is an unreinforced (PAEK) that offers improved ductility and impact strength relative to PEEK while retaining most of the key performance attributes of PEEK. The AV-621
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Stress-Strain Relationships Hardness Effect of Temperature on Properties Fluid Properties Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymers Mechanical Properties in Design and Manufacturing
More informationLIST OF FIGURES. 2.1 Schematic of the types of row structure with the respective extrusion condition and the main features of the PE WAXS patterns.
ix LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1 Schematic of the types of row structure with the respective extrusion condition and the main features of the PE WAXS patterns. 33 2.2 Tensile curves of hard elastic Celcon
More informationUltra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) UTEC is the trade name of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) developed and produced by Braskem with its own catalyst and production
More informationEFFECTS OF WOOD FIBER CHARACTERISTICS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD/POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES
EFFECTS OF WOOD FIBER CHARACTERISTICS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD/POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES Nicole M. Stark Chemical Engineer U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory
More information