Optical Coatings. Photonics 4 Luxury Coatings , Genève. Dr. Andreas Bächli Head of Optical Coatings at RhySearch, Buchs (SG)
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1 Optical Coatings Photonics 4 Luxury Coatings , Genève Dr. Andreas Bächli Head of Optical Coatings at RhySearch, Buchs (SG)
2 RhySearch The Research- and Innovation Center in the Rhine Valley RhySearch founded in 2013 (by St.Gallen & Liechtenstein) Board of directors with strong representation of the industry Further growth supported by strategy and approved investment plan Today 9 employees APPLIED R&D in three areas: PROVIDE A NETWORK TO LOCAL BUSINESS Optical coatings Precision manufacturing Packaging ENABLE INNOVATION PROZESSES CTI approved since Q1/2017 2
3 Optical Coatings RhySearch in a nutshell Dual-Ion-Beam Sputtering Site acceptance test ongoing VIS-NIR Broad-Band Monitoring Ta 2 O 5, Hf, Si, more upon request Laser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) IS1254 (e.g. S-on-1 test procedure) = 1064, 532, 355 nm (ns-pulse) = 1030 nm (fs-pulse) Degradation Chamber for Optical Components (cooperation with NTB) Ar, N 2,,humidity, Temp up to 250 C Investigate degradation under 355 nm irradiation (ns, up to 100 khz) Laser LIDT under controlled harsh conditions LIDT: Set-up and picture of damaged spot acknowledge: CTI-project Cavity-Ring-Down (CRD) 1064 nm and 638 nm (ISO 13142) Reflectivity measurements our goal 1 ppm detection limit 3
4 Optical Coatings RhySearch in a nutshell Dual-Ion-Beam Sputtering Site acceptance test ongoing VIS-NIR Broad-Band Monitoring Ta 2 O 5, Hf, Si, more upon request Laser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) IS1254 (e.g. S-on-1 test procedure) = 1064, 532, 355 nm (ns-pulse) = 1030 nm (fs-pulse) Degradation Chamber for optical components (cooperation with NTB) Ar, N 2,, humidity, temp up to 250 C Investigate degradation under 355 nm irradiation (ns, up to 100 khz) LIDT under controlled harsh conditions Cavity-Ring-Down (CRD) 1064 nm and 638 nm (ISO 13142) Degradation Chamber acknowledge: CTI-project Reflectivity measurements our goal 1 ppm detection limit 4
5 intensity Optical Coatings RhySearch in a nutshell Dual-Ion-Beam Sputtering Site acceptance test ongoing VIS-NIR Broad-Band Monitoring Ta 2 O 5, Hf, Si, more upon request Laserpulse high reflective mirrors Cavity time Laser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) IS1254 (e.g. S-on-1 test procedure) = 1064, 532, 355 nm (ns-pulse) = 1030 nm (fs-pulse) Degradation Chamber for optical components (cooperation with NTB) Ar, N 2,,humidity, Temp up to 250 C Investigate degradation under 355 nm irradiation (ns, up to 100 khz) LIDT under controlled harsh conditions Cavity-Ring-Down (CRD) 1064 nm and 638 nm (ISO 13142) Schematic illustration of Cavity-Ring-Down Reflectivity measurements our goal 1 ppm detection limit 5
6 Optical Coatings RhySearch in a Nutshell Ion-Beam-Sputtering Coating Tool (IBS) Dual-Ion-Beam configurations VIS-NIR Broad-Band Monitoring Ta 2 O 5, Hf, Si, more upon request Laser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) IS1254 (e.g. S-on-1 test procedure) = 1064, 532, 355 nm (ns-pulse) = 1030 nm (fs-pulse) Degradation Chamber for optical components (cooperation with NTB) Ar, N 2,, humidity, temp up to 250 C Investigate degradation under 355 nm irradiation (ns, up to 100 khz) LIDT under controlled harsh conditions Setup of RhySearch DIBS /picture and tool from Veeco Cavity-Ring-Down (CRD) 1064 nm and 538 nm (ISO 13142) Reflectivity measurements our goal 1 ppm detection limit 6
7 Overview Introduction to RhySearch Optical Coatings Coating Process Optical Interference Applications Function of optical coating Application specific challenges 7
8 What are Optical Coatings? Coatings make functional glass in the path of the light non reflecting Coatings are used to guide, to alter or to filter light Source: Source: RhySearch Glass has a function Coating has a function 8
9 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) evaporation source(s) substrate holder vacuum chamber reactive gas (e.g., N 2, ) process control material A material B Various configurations available with different strengths and weaknesses 9
10 Coating Processes Water absorbed after coating Substrate coating material other atoms Substrate Substrate Ar+ Plasma Target targetmaterial material B Ar + Ions Plasma material A material B Evaporation (e-beam) Magnetron sputtering Ion-beam-sputtering (IBS) standard coating stable coating very dense coatings high reflectivity mirror higher reflectivity mirror highest reflectivity mirror low edge performance best edge performance best edge performance lower cost medium cost higher cost 10
11 Reflection and Interference of Light Waves speed of light c ismaterial dependent c = n c 0 incident reflected n 0 n s transmitted = n s n 0 n s + n 0 I 2 t 4 % window glass 8 % sapphire glass Source: RhySearch 11
12 Reflection and Interference of Light Waves speed of light c ismaterial dependent c = n c 0 /4 incident n 0 n s reflected n 0 n f n s peak meets valley reflected waves cancel for /4 film thickness transmitted I t Note: reflected light waves reflected light intensities transmitted = n s n 0 n s + n 0 I 2 t 4 % window glass 8 % sapphire glass 12
13 Reflection and Interference of Light Waves speed of light c ismaterial dependent c = n c 0 /4 n 0 peak meets valley incident reflected n f n s reflected waves cancel for /4 film thickness transmitted I t n 0 n s single MgF 2 layer on glass reduces R from 4 % to 1.5 % n f = n 0 x n s transmitted = n s n 0 n s + n 0 I 2 t 4 % window glass 8 % sapphire glass 13
14 Reflection and Interference of Light Waves speed of light c ismaterial dependent c = n c 0 n 0 peak meets valley incident reflected n f n s reflected waves cancel for /4 film thickness transmitted I t n 0 n s peak meets peak transmitted = n s n 0 n s + n 0 I 2 t 4 % window glass 8 % sapphire glass n 0 n f n s transmitted I t reflected waves get more intense for /2 film thickness 14
15 Perfect Mirror can be Formed by a Layer Stack n H n L n 0 n s Alternating transparent thin layers with high and low index of refraction make a mirror with reflection for one transmitted I t peak meets peak n 0 n f n s transmitted I t reflected waves get more intense for /2 film thickness 15
16 Functions by Optical Coatings A wide range of functions function: mirror filter beam-splitter incident angles spectral response polarization By varying layer material (oxides, fluorides, nitrides, metals ) number of layers (one to [many] hundred) Transmission Spectra Single line blocking Broad band mirror Longpasss filter Narrow band transm individual layer thicknesses (few nm to few µm) Laser mirror 16
17 Anti-Reflective Coating Glasses Coatings enhance view and lifestyle Scratch-resistant, easy to clean... Source: Endoscope Coatings enable transmission Many different glass types, size, Source: Wientjes R et. Al PLoS ONE (2013) 18
18 Dichroic Filter (Color filter) Beamer Filter to generate the colors Long term color accuracy Source: and Entertainment Lighting Heatresistant filter to generate colors Consistent exact color and to get the artist s wish in a product, Source: 19
19 Narrow Band Transmission Distance Measurement Filter to boost signal to noise ratio in time-of-flight detection High blocking, low angular dependence, Source: Source: Telecom Filter to select a single wavelength Extremely narrow band pass, Source: 22
20 Mirrors Laser cavity mirror Mirrors with very high reflection Low loss, laser damage resistant, Source: hoststar.ch Laser scanner heads Mirror with very high (broadband) reflection High flatness, Source: Scanlab 23
21 Optical Coatings PVD coating processes Interference in thin film multilayer system Enabling technology for many applications Challenges are application dependent and what There I want is a to strong say, before optical I coating conclude industry in Switzerland across the entire value chain (tools, materials, vacuum, coating, ) with players supplying the global marketplace that can provide solutions to meet your requirements 24
22 Thank you Andreas 25
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