CHEMISTRY. Written examination DATA BOOK. Instructions

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "CHEMISTRY. Written examination DATA BOOK. Instructions"

Natalie Reynolds
6 years ago
Views:

1 Victorian ertificate of Education Year EMISTY Written examination DATA BK Instructions This data book is provided for your reference. A question and answer book is provided with this data book. Students are NT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room. VITIAN UIULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTITY 2018 January 2018

2 EMISTY DATA BK 2 Table of contents Page 1. Periodic table of the elements 3 2. Electrochemical series 4 3. hemical relationships 5 4. Physical constants and standard values 5 5. Unit conversions 6 6. Metric (including SI) prefixes 6 7. Acid-base indicators 6 8. epresentations of organic molecules 7 9. Formulas of some fatty acids Formulas of some biomolecules eats of combustion of common fuels eats of combustion of common blended fuels Energy content of food groups haracteristic ranges for infra-red absorption NM data NM data amino acids (α-amino acids) 14 15

3 3 EMISTY DATA BK TUN VE 1. Periodic table of the elements hydrogen 2 e 4.0 helium 3 Li 6.9 lithium 4 Be 9.0 beryllium 5 B 10.8 boron carbon 7 N 14.0 nitrogen oxygen 9 F 19.0 fluorine 10 Ne 20.2 neon 11 Na 23.0 sodium 12 Mg 24.3 magnesium 13 Al 27.0 aluminium 14 Si 28.1 silicon 15 P 31.0 phosphorus 16 S 32.1 sulfur 17 l 35.5 chlorine 18 Ar 39.9 argon 19 K 39.1 potassium 20 a 40.1 calcium 21 Sc 45.0 scandium 22 Ti 47.9 titanium 23 V 50.9 vanadium 24 r 52.0 chromium 25 Mn 54.9 manganese 26 Fe 55.8 iron 27 o 58.9 cobalt 28 Ni 58.7 nickel 29 u 63.5 copper 30 Zn 65.4 zinc 31 Ga 69.7 gallium 32 Ge 72.6 germanium 33 As 74.9 arsenic 34 Se 79.0 selenium 35 Br 79.9 bromine 36 Kr 83.8 krypton 37 b 85.5 rubidium 38 Sr 87.6 strontium 39 Y 88.9 yttrium 40 Zr 91.2 zirconium 41 Nb 92.9 niobium 42 Mo 96.0 molybdenum 43 Tc (98) technetium 44 u ruthenium 45 h rhodium 46 Pd palladium 47 Ag silver 48 d cadmium 49 In indium 50 Sn tin 51 Sb antimony 52 Te tellurium 53 I iodine 54 Xe xenon 55 s caesium 56 Ba barium lanthanoids 72 f hafnium 73 Ta tantalum 74 W tungsten 75 e rhenium 76 s osmium 77 Ir iridium 78 Pt platinum 79 Au gold 80 g mercury 81 Tl thallium 82 Pb lead 83 Bi bismuth 84 Po (210) polonium 85 At (210) astatine 86 n (222) radon 87 Fr (223) francium 88 a (226) radium actinoids 104 f (261) rutherfordium 105 Db (262) dubnium 106 Sg (266) seaborgium 107 Bh (264) bohrium 108 s (267) hassium 109 Mt (268) meitnerium 110 Ds (271) darmstadtium 111 g (272) roentgenium 112 n (285) copernicium 113 Nh (280) nihonium 114 Fl (289) flerovium 115 Mc (289) moscovium 116 Lv (292) livermorium 117 Ts (294) tennessine 118 g (294) oganesson 57 La lanthanum 58 e cerium 59 Pr praseodymium 60 Nd neodymium 61 Pm (145) promethium 62 Sm samarium 63 Eu europium 64 Gd gadolinium 65 Tb terbium 66 Dy dysprosium 67 o holmium 68 Er erbium 69 Tm thulium 70 Yb ytterbium 71 Lu lutetium 89 Ac (227) actinium 90 Th thorium 91 Pa protactinium 92 U uranium 93 Np (237) neptunium 94 Pu (244) plutonium 95 Am (243) americium 96 m (247) curium 97 Bk (247) berkelium 98 f (251) californium 99 Es (252) einsteinium 100 Fm (257) fermium 101 Md (258) mendelevium 102 No (259) nobelium 103 Lr (262) lawrencium The value in brackets indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope. 79 Au gold atomic number relative atomic mass symbol of element name of element

4 EMISTY DATA BK 4 2. Electrochemical series eaction Standard electrode potential (E 0 ) in volts at 25 F 2 (g) + 2e 2F (aq) (aq) (aq) + 2e 2 2 (l) Au + (aq) + e Au(s) l 2 (g) + 2e 2l (aq) (g) (aq) + 4e 2 2 (1) Br 2 (l) + 2e 2Br (aq) Ag + (aq) + e Ag(s) Fe 3+ (aq) + e Fe 2+ (aq) (g) (aq) + 2e 2 2 (aq) I 2 (s) + 2e 2I (aq) (g) (l) + 4e 4 (aq) u 2+ (aq) + 2e u(s) Sn 4+ (aq) + 2e Sn 2+ (aq) S(s) (aq) + 2e 2 S(g) (aq) + 2e 2 (g) 0.00 Pb 2+ (aq) + 2e Pb(s) 0.13 Sn 2+ (aq) + 2e Sn(s) 0.14 Ni 2+ (aq) + 2e Ni(s) 0.25 o 2+ (aq) + 2e o(s) 0.28 d 2+ (aq) + 2e d(s) 0.40 Fe 2+ (aq) + 2e Fe(s) 0.44 Zn 2+ (aq) + 2e Zn(s) (l) + 2e 2 (g) + 2 (aq) 0.83 Mn 2+ (aq) + 2e Mn(s) 1.18 Al 3+ (aq) + 3e Al(s) 1.66 Mg 2+ (aq) + 2e Mg(s) 2.37 Na + (aq) + e Na(s) 2.71 a 2+ (aq) + 2e a(s) 2.87 K + (aq) + e K(s) 2.93 Li + (aq) + e Li(s) 3.04

5 5 EMISTY DATA BK 3. hemical relationships Name number of moles of a substance universal gas equation calibration factor (F) for bomb calorimetry heat energy released in the combustion of a fuel Formula m n M n cv n V = ; = ; = pv = nt F = VIt T q = mc T V m enthalpy of combustion = q n electric charge number of moles of electrons % atom economy % yield Q = It = ne ( ) Q F molar mass of desired product molar mass of all reactants actual yield theoretical yield Physical constants and standard values Name Symbol Value Avogadro constant N A or L mol 1 charge on one electron (elementary charge) e Faraday constant F mol 1 molar gas constant 8.31 J mol 1 K 1 molar volume of an ideal gas at SL (25 and 100 kpa) V m 24.8 L mol 1 specific heat capacity of water c 4.18 kj kg 1 K 1 or 4.18 J g 1 K 1 density of water at 25 d 997 kg m 3 or g ml 1 TUN VE

6 EMISTY DATA BK 6 5. Unit conversions Measured value onversion K 100 kpa 750 mm g or atm 1 litre (L) 1 dm 3 or m 3 or cm 3 or ml 6. Metric (including SI) prefixes Metric (including SI) prefixes Scientific notation Multiplying factor giga (G) mega (M) kilo (k) deci (d) centi (c) milli (m) micro (μ) nano (n) pico (p) Acid-base indicators Name p range olour change from lower p to higher p in range thymol blue (1st change) red yellow methyl orange red yellow bromophenol blue yellow blue methyl red red yellow bromothymol blue yellow blue phenol red yellow red thymol blue (2nd change) yellow blue phenolphthalein colourless pink

7 8. epresentations of organic molecules 7 EMISTY DATA BK The following table shows different representations of organic molecules, using butanoic acid as an example. Formula epresentation molecular formula structural formula semi-structural (condensed) formula 3 or 3 ( ) 2 skeletal structure 9. Formulas of some fatty acids Name Formula Semi-structural formula lauric ( ) 10 myristic ( ) 12 palmitic ( ) 14 palmitoleic ( ) 4 = ( ) 5 stearic ( ) 16 oleic ( ) 7 =( ) 7 linoleic ( ) 4 (= ) 2 ( ) 6 linolenic (= ) 3 ( ) 6 arachidic ( ) 17 arachidonic ( ) 4 (= ) 3 =( ) 3 TUN VE

8 EMISTY DATA BK Formulas of some biomolecules vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol) vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) vitamin (ascorbic acid) glycerol α-glucose β-fructose sucrose lactose

9 9 EMISTY DATA BK 2 N N 3 n aspartame cellulose amylopectin (starch) n amylose (starch) TUN VE

10 EMISTY DATA BK eats of combustion of common fuels The heats of combustion in the following table are calculated at SL (25 and 100 kpa) with combustion products being 2 and 2. eat of combustion may be defined as the heat energy released when a specified amount of a substance burns completely in oxygen and is, therefore, reported as a positive value, indicating a magnitude. Enthalpy of combustion,, for the substances in this table would be reported as negative values, indicating the exothermic nature of the combustion reaction. Fuel Formula State eat of combustion (kj g 1 ) Molar heat of combustion (kj mol 1 ) hydrogen 2 gas methane 4 gas ethane 2 6 gas propane 3 8 gas butane 4 10 gas octane 8 18 liquid ethyne (acetylene) 2 2 gas methanol 3 liquid ethanol 2 5 liquid eats of combustion of common blended fuels Blended fuels are mixtures of compounds with different mixture ratios and, hence, determination of a generic molar enthalpy of combustion is not realistic. The values provided in the following table are typical values for heats of combustion at SL (25 and 100 kpa) with combustion products being 2 and 2. Values for heats of combustion will vary depending on the source and composition of the fuel. Fuel State eat of combustion (kj g 1 ) kerosene liquid 46.2 diesel liquid 45.0 natural gas gas Energy content of food groups Food eat of combustion (kj g 1 ) fats and oils 37 protein 17 carbohydrate 16

11 14. haracteristic ranges for infra-red absorption 11 EMISTY DATA BK Bond Wave number (cm 1 ) Bond Wave number (cm 1 ) l (chloroalkanes) = (ketones) (alcohols, esters, ethers) = (esters) = (alkenes) (alkanes, alkenes, arenes) = (amides) (acids) = (aldehydes) (alcohols) = (acids) N (amines and amides) NM data Typical 13 shift values relative to TMS = 0 These can differ slightly in different solvents. Type of carbon hemical shift (ppm) X N 2, 3 N = = TUN VE

12 EMISTY DATA BK NM data Typical proton shift values relative to TMS = 0 These can differ slightly in different solvents. The shift refers to the proton environment that is indicated in bold letters in the formula. Type of proton hemical shift (ppm) = or N X (X = F, l, Br or I) , N 3 or (varies considerably under different conditions) N

13 13 EMISTY DATA BK Type of proton hemical shift (ppm) N TUN VE

14 EMISTY DATA BK amino acids (α-amino acids) The table below provides simplified structures to enable the drawing of zwitterions, the identification of products of protein hydrolysis and the drawing of structures involving condensation polymerisation of amino acid monomers. Name Symbol Structure alanine Ala 3 2 N arginine Arg N N N 2 asparagine Asn 2 N N 2 2 N aspartic acid Asp 2 N cysteine ys S 2 N glutamic acid Glu glutamine Gln 2 N N 2 2 N glycine Gly 2 N histidine is N 2 N N isoleucine Ile N

15 15 EMISTY DATA BK Name Symbol Structure leucine Leu 3 3 lysine Lys 2 N N 2 methionine Met 2 N S 3 phenylalanine Phe 2 N 2 N proline Pro N serine Ser threonine Thr 2 N 3 tryptophan Trp 2 N N 2 N tyrosine Tyr 2 N valine Val N END F DATA BK

This resource contains three different versions of the periodic table, including a blank one for colouring!

Teaching notes This resource contains three different versions of the periodic table, including a blank one for colouring! It also contains tables of the Group 0, 1 and 7 elements with a few columns for