System Analysis of Pb-Bi Cooled Fast Reactor PEACER

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1 OE-INES-1 International Symposium on Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems for Sustainable Development of the World Tokyo, Japan, October 31 - November 4, 2004 System Analysis of Pb-Bi ooled Fast Reactor PEAER Yong H. Yu, Kune Y. Suh* *kysuh@snu.ac.kr Nuclear Integrated Design Engineering Analysis

2 PEAER Design Focus Proliferation-Resistance Tech. & institutional barriers Environment-Friendliness Transmutation Accident-Tolerance Pb-Bi coolant ontinuable-energy U & Th fuel Economical heap pyroprocessing Reactor ritical Po-210 Radiation E Pyroprocess A System Economization Melting Point Natural irculation Safety Partitioning Reactivity Feedback P Proliferation Resistance Transmutation Shutdown Margin E Shields riticality and Depletion Fuel Resources

3 PEAER for Transmutation & Energy LWR Spent Fuel International Transmutation & Energy enter International Transmutation & Energy enter Local Interim Site Heavy Liquid Metal Reactor Electric Power Fuel Fabrication Pyroprocessing Actinide and Long-lived Fission Products Short-lived Low-Level Wastes Geological Disposal Land Disposal Site

4 System Design Parameters Thermal Power [MWth] 1,560 ycle Length [day] 365 Electric Power [MWe] 550 apacity Factor [%] 90 Thermal Efficiency [%] 35 Fuel omposition U-TRU-Zr ( ) oolant Pb-Bi Smeared Density [%] 67 ( 73) ontrol Assembly B 4 Enrichment Zones 2 EFPD [day] 330 ladding Material HT-9

5 Reactor ore Design ontrol Assembly (28) Reflector (132) Shield (192) B 4 Absorber (20) Tc loading, 15 cm high z Inner Reflector Absorber 61.2 Inner ore Fission Gas Plenum D/2 L Axial Reflector Outer ore Reflector and Shield r High Enriched Driver Assembly (176) Low Enriched Driver Assembly (184) ross-sectional View Side View (unit: cm)

6 Proliferation-Resistance Pu Odd Ratio BO EO Pu Odd Ratio 0.56 BO 0.54 EO L/D (Fuel Volume Fraction = 15.8%) Fuel Volume Fraction (L/D = 0.103) Goal for OR(<0.5) is achieved at low L/D and fuel volume fraction

7 Environment-Friendliness Support Ratio Support Ratio L/D (Fuel Volume Fraction = 15.8%) Fuel Volume Fraction (L/D = 0.103) Goal for SR(>2.0) is achieved at low L/D and fuel volume fraction

8 Accident-Tolerance Peak Power Density (kw/l) BO EO Peak Power Density (kw/l) L/D (Fuel Volume Fraction = 15.8%) 277 BO EO Fuel Volume Fraction (L/D = 0.103) Peak power density is low at 50% of the current Na-cooled reactor Peak power density decreases with fuel volume fraction

9 Transient Analysis

10 Analysis Domain

Problem Definition Loss of Heat Sink 400 360 Reactor tripped when the secondary flow is reduced to 80%. 300 ore 106.

11 Problem Definition Loss of Heat Sink Reactor tripped when the secondary flow is reduced to 80%. 300 ore ton/s (Fixed) 197 (Fixed) The secondary pump tripped, and the flow is coast down according to the pump characteristic curve kg/s

12 Temperature Transient

13 Design Shakedown

14 PEAER-300 Design PEAER MWth (550 MWe) 14x14 (360 assemblies) Thermal Power Fuel Assembly PEAER MWth (300 MWe) 17x17 (252 assemblies) Natural irculation Passive Safety System Natural irculation and Reactor Vessel Aux ooling System ylindrical Shape Steam Generator Bucket Shape

Length [m] 5 P/D, Tube Outer/Inner Diameter [mm] 1.

15 Schematic of Steam Generator Geometry Design Value Pressure [MPa] 8 Number of Loops Number of Tubes per Unit 9,853 Tube Length [m] 5 P/D, Tube Outer/Inner Diameter [mm] 1.2, 20/16 Mass Flow Rate [kg/s] 19,353 Feedwater Mass Flow Rate [kg/s] 146 3

16 PEAER-300 Primary System

17 Thermal Limits of Guard Vessel The ASME ode The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel ode Section III, Division 1, Section NH (lass 1 omponent in Elevated Temperature Service)

18 Air ooling System Layout

19 Water Pad System Layout

20 Decay Heat Transient

21 Air ooling System Efficiency Design Limit

22 Reactor Vessel Outer Temperature

23 Reactor Vessel Inner Temperature Design Limit

24 Subchannel Analysis

25 Region of Interest (3x3)

26 MATRA alculational Results (3x3) oolant channel exit temperature distribution Temperature () Fuel rod maximum temperature distribution hannel number Temperature () Fuel center Fuel surface lading surface Fluid Rod number

27 FX Numerical Results (3x3) oolant temperature on fuel rod surface and at boundary (a) oolant temperature on fuel rod surface (b) oolant temperature on a skeleton surface (c) oolant temperature at symmetry boundary (a) (b) (c)

28 FX Numerical Results (3x3) oolant velocity on fuel rod surface and at boundary (a) Axial velocity distribution on fuel rod surface (b) Axial velocity distribution at symmetry boundary (a) (b)

29 FX Numerical Results (3x3) Temperature and velocity distributions in a horizontal section at z = 0m (inlet) Similar temperature and velocity profiles on each fuel rod except skeleton

30 FX Numerical Results (3x3) Axial velocity distribution at center of subchannel

31 FX Numerical Results (3x3) Axial temperature distribution at center of subchannel Temperature Distribution MATRA ode Result Temp erature ( K ) z-direction (m)

32 Region of Interest (17x17)

33 MATRA alculational Results (17x17) 17) oolant channel exit temperature distribution Temperature() hannel number

34 MATRA alculation Results (17x17) 17) Fuel rod maximum temperature distribution Temperature() Rod number

35 Scaling Analysis

36 PEAER Primary System

37 Pressure Loss in PEAER Pressure Loss According to Mass Flow Rate Pressure Loss According to Thermal enter Difference

38 Natural irculation apacity of PEAER Heat Removal According to Mass Flow Rate Heat Removal According to Thermal enter Difference

39 Scaling Analysis ontinuity Momentum Equation U = i a a o i U r du ρ dt r i a a o i l i = βgρ Tl h U r ρ 2 2 i f l d ao + K i ai 2 Ri g L T = β 2 U F L = f + K D Design Parameter PEAER HELIOS Richardson Number Friction Number Thermal enter Difference [m] 8 8 Velocity in ore [m/s] T [ ] Thermal Power 156 MW 9.3 kw

40 HELIOS Primary System P&I D OS vent Level buffer (& impurity control) Ar injection P HX system-04 over gas system kg/s Temperature, Flow sensor Temperature, Flow sensor 8 m height P 2 tube-20 mm dia. 2 m long Orifice-05 All 2 pipe with insulation jacket heater Ar injection P Heater P Pressure gauge Pb-Bi Bypass kg/s Ar injection P bypass P Pb-Bi Pump-07 Impurity control-06 vent Gas Injection System ore mockup system-02 Bottom tray Storage system-01 flange Storage

41 HELIOS Design Initial onditions Parameter PEAER HELIOS Number of Loops 2 1 Flow Area of ore [m 2 ] Hydraulic Diameter [m] Thermal enter Difference [m] 8 8 Natural irculation Results Parameter Value Decay Power [MW th ] 156 Mass Flow Rate [kg/s] 19,237 Temperature Difference [K] 55.4 Velocity in ore [m/s] 0.199

42 HELIOS Schematic Diagram

43 Heat Transfer Mechanism Heat Exchanger Design: Log-Mean Temperature Difference T lm = T 1 T ln 1 T T 2 2 T T T T T T = 1 Pb Bi, in W, out = 2 Pb Bi, out W, in

44 Subchannel Analysis Step 1 General Friction Factor -ore & SG: Square Lattice Step 2 Mixed onvectional Friction Factor ore: Square Lattice Heated Upward Flow SG: Triangular Lattice ooled Downward Flow ore SG

45 From AD to FX Heating Region Importing AD Modeling Meshing

46 Solver Boundary ondition Inlet Boundary ondition - Mass Flow Rate: 6.83 kg/s Outlet Boundary ondition - Mass Flow Rate: 6.83 kg/s Heating Source - Heat Flux: 3183 kw/m 2 Iteration Number: 1000 Residual:

47 Result - Velocity Vector Streamline

48 Result - Pressure Pressure Gradient Sudden Expansion Local Area Pressure

49 Result - Temperature Outlet: 400 Inlet: 300

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