Families on the Periodic Table
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1 Families on the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families based on their chemical properties. Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. Elements in each family react differently with other elements.
2 ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is not a member, it is a nonmetal 1 electron in the outer shell Soft and silvery metals Very reactive, esp. with water Conduct electricity Image:
3 Periodic Table Groups/Families Alkali Metals
4 ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 2 electrons in the outer shell White and malleable Reactive, but less than Alkali metals Conduct electricity
5 Periodic Table Groups/Families Alkaline Earth Metals
6 TRANSITION METALS Groups in the middle Good conductors of heat and electricity. Some are used for jewelry. The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell. Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
7 Periodic Table Groups/Families Transition Metals
8 BORON FAMILY Group 3 3 electrons in the outer shell Most are metals Boron is a metalloid
9 Periodic Table Groups/Families Boron Family
10 CARBON FAMILY Group 4 4 electrons in the outer shell Contains metals, metalloids, and a nonmetal Carbon (C)
11 Periodic Table Groups/Families Carbon Family
12 NITROGEN FAMILY Group 5 5 electrons in the outer shell Can share electrons to form compounds Contains metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
13 Periodic Table Groups/Families Nitrogen Family
14 OXYGEN FAMILY Group 6 6 electrons in the outer shell Contains metals, metalloids, and nonmetals Reactive
15 Periodic Table Groups/Families Oxygen Family
16 Halogens Group 7 7 electrons in the outer shell All are nonmetals Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1
17 Periodic Table Groups/Families Halogens
18 Noble Gases Group 8 Exist as gases Nonmetals 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full Not reactive with other elements
19 Periodic Table Groups/Families Noble Gases
20 Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive The rare earths are silver, silverywhite, or gray metals. Conduct electricity
21 Periodic Table Groups/Families Rare Earth Metals
22 3 Classes of Elements 118 Uuo 117 Uus 116 Uuh (292) 115 Uup (288) 114 Uuq (289) 113 Uut (284) 112 Uub (285) 111 Rg (272) 110 Ds (269) 109 Mt (268) 108 Hs (269) 107 Bh (264) 106 Sg (266) 105 Db (262) 104 Rf (261) 103 Lr (262) 88 Ra (226) 87 Fr (223) 86 Rn (222) 85 At (210) 84 Po (209) 83 Bi Pb Tl Hg Au Pt Ir Os Re W Ta Hf Lu Ba Cs Xe I Te Sb Sn In Cd Ag Pd Rh Ru Tc (98) 42 Mo Nb Zr Y Sr Rb Kr Br Se As Ge Ga Zn Cu Ni Co Fe Mn Cr V Ti Sc Ca K Uuo 117 Uus 116 Uuh (292) 115 Uup (288) 114 Uuq (289) 113 Uut (284) 112 Uub (285) 111 Rg (272) 110 Ds (269) 109 Mt (268) 108 Hs (269) 107 Bh (264) 106 Sg (266) 105 Db (262) 104 Rf (261) 103 Lr (262) 88 Ra (226) 87 Fr (223) 86 Rn (222) 85 At (210) 84 Po (209) 83 Bi Pb Tl Hg Au Pt Ir Os Re W Ta Hf Lu Ba Cs Xe I Te Sb Sn In Cd Ag Pd Rh Ru Tc (98) 42 Mo Nb Zr Y Sr Rb Kr Br Se As Ge Ga Zn Cu Ni Co Fe Mn Cr V Ti Sc Ca K No (259) 101 Md (258) 100 Fm (257) 99 Es (252) 98 Cf (251) 97 Bk (247) 96 Cm (247) 95 Am (243) 94 Pu (244) 93 Np (237) 92 U Pa Th Ac (227) 70 Yb Tm Er Ho Dy Tb Gd Eu Sm Pm (145) 60 Nd Pr Ce La No (259) 101 Md (258) 100 Fm (257) 99 Es (252) 98 Cf (251) 97 Bk (247) 96 Cm (247) 95 Am (243) 94 Pu (244) 93 Np (237) 92 U Pa Th Ac (227) 70 Yb Tm Er Ho Dy Tb Gd Eu Sm Pm (145) 60 Nd Pr Ce La Mg Na Be Li Mg Na Be Li H H He He Ar Cl S P Si Al Ar Cl S P Si Al Ne F O N C B Ne F O N C B Lanthanides Actinides Class Color Metal NonMetal Metalloid Using this as a guide, color code your periodic table to show the three classes. Start by highlighting the zigzag.
23 Metals Location Found on the left of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table (exception Hydrogen) Chemical Properties Have few electrons in their outer energy level, thus lose electrons easily Physical Properties ductile, good conductors, malleable, shiny, most are room temperature 79 Au Image taken from: lementphotogallery.98/sodium.htm 11 Na What metal is not a room temperature?
24 Atoms with Few Electrons in their Outer Energy Level Notice: only 1 electron in outer level 11 Na Be Notice: only 2 electrons in outer level
25 NonMetals Location Most found to the right of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table Chemical Properties Most have almost full outer energy levels, thus they tend to gain electrons; some have completely full outer level Physical Properties not ductile or malleable, not shiny, poor conductors, most are gas, but some are solid at room temperature 17 Cl Image taken from: Image taken from: 16 S
26 Atoms with Full or Almost Full Outer Energy Level 8 O Notice: 2 electrons in outer level FULL 2 He Notice: 6 electrons in outer level almost full 9 F Notice: 7 electrons in outer level almost full
27 Metalloids Location Border the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table Chemical Properties Most atoms have ½ ( ) complete set of electrons in outer level Physical Properties have properties of both metals and nonmetals Image taken from: 5 B Si Image taken from:
28 Atoms with ½ ( ) Complete Outer Energy Level 5 B Notice: only 4 electrons in outer level Notice: only 3 electrons in outer level 14 Si
29 Periodic Table Metals, NonMetals, Metalloids
30 Using the Periodic Table The boxes that make up the periodic table contain a significant amount of information. To understand this information, it is necessary to refer to the periodic table s key(s) 8 Atomic Number (Number of protons) O Oxygen Element Symbol (Written with a capital letter or a capital followed by a lower case if two letters ) Element Name Atomic Mass (Rounded to a whole number, equals the number of protons and neutrons) Class Metal NonMetal Metalloid Color Which class does Oxygen fall into? State (@ Room Temp.) Solid Liquid Gas Symbol Color What is Oxygen s physical state of matter?
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