Handbook on. Materials Processing. Material and Energy Balance Calculations in TIMS WILEY. Third Edition. Arthur E. Morris Gordon Geiger. H.
|
|
- Emmeline Hicks
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Handbook on Material and Energy Balance Calculations in Materials Processing Third Edition Arthur E. Morris Gordon Geiger H. Alan Fine TIMS WILEY A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
2 Temperature Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Third Edition xiv xvii Acknowledgements xix Chapter 1. Dimensions, Units, and Conversion Factors The SI System of Units Derived Units Units Outside the SI Comments on Some Quantities and Their Units The American Engineering System (AES) of Units Conversion of Units Conversion Factor Tables The Dimension Table Conversion Equations and Pressure Unit Conversions Using the U-Converter Program Amount of Substance the Mole Unit Density and Concentration Density Composition and Concentration Composition of Gases Electrical Units Calculation Guidelines Summary 22 References and Further Reading 23 Exercises 23 Chapter 2. Thermophysical and Related Properties of Materials State of a System and Properties of a Substance The Gibbs Phase Rule Consequences of the Phase Rule for Non-Reactive and Reactive Systems Application of the Phase Rule to One-Phase Non-Reactive Systems Application of the Phase Rule to Multi-Phase Non-Reactive Systems Application of the Phase Rule to Reactive Systems The Gas Phase The Ideal Gas Law Non-Ideal Gas Behavior Condensed Phases Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) Mixtures of Condensable and Non-Condensable Gases Software for Making Dew Point and Humidity Calculations Effect of Pressure on Phase Transformation Temperatures Steam and Air Property Calculators 44 v
3 Raoult's vi 2.8 Properties of Solutions Ideal Solutions Law Non-Ideal Solutions Activity Coefficients Solutions of Gases in Condensed Phases The Solubility Limit The Solubility of Ionic Species in Water; the Solubility Product Summary 50 References and Further Reading 51 Exercises 52 Chapter 3. Statistical Concepts Applied to Measurement and Sampling 54 Tools Basic Statistical Concepts and Descriptive Histograms and Frequency Distributions Mean, Standard Deviation, and Variance Median, Percentile and Quantile Distributions of Random Variables The Uniform Distribution The Normal Distribution Basic Applications of Inferential Statistics to Measurement Sampling Distributions of the Mean and the Central Limit Theorem Confidence Intervals Treatment of Errors Error Propagation Curve Fitting Simple Linear Regression and Excel's Trendline Tool Using Solver to Develop Single-Variable Regression Models Multiple Linear and Non-linear Regression Using Solver and Excel's SSD Tool to Find Equation Coefficients Choosing Among Models Polynomial vs. Rational Function Models Outliers Warnings Experimental Design Factorial Design Fractional Factorial Design Summary 137 References and Further Reading 137 Exercises 138 Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Material Balances with Applications to Non-Reacting Systems System Characteristics Process Classifications Flowsheets The General Balance Equation Material Balances on Simple Non-Reactive Systems Strategy for Making Material Balance Calculations Guidelines for Setting up a Materials Balance Guidelines for Resolving a Set of Equations Objectives of a Material Balance 157
4 Counter-Current vii 4.7 Degree-of-Freedom Analysis DOF Concepts DOF Calculation Strategy for a Single Non-Reactive Device A Washing Process Having Zero Degrees of Freedom A Washing Process Having a DOF = A Leaching Process Having a DOF = Using Excel-based Calculational Tools to Solve Equations Goal Seek and Solver as Calculational Aids Software for Conversion of Stream Units: MMV-C Balances on Systems with Multiple Devices Extension of Excel's Calculational Tools for Repetitive Solving SuperGS SuperSolver Special Multiple-Device Configurations I Recycle and Bypass Special Multiple-Device Configurations II 4.13 Using FlowBal for Material Balance Calculations FlowBal Example # FlowBal Example # FlowBal Example # Continuous-Mixing Devices Steady-State Processes Unsteady-State Systems Inert Gas Flushing 229 Flow 205 Mixer/Splitter 217 Evaporation/Condensation Process 219 Systems with Multi-Phase Streams Graphical Representation of Material Balances Measures of Performance Controllers Summary 239 References and Further Reading 240 Exercises 241 Chapter 5. Stoichiometry and the Chemical Equation Atomic and Molecular Mass Composition of Compounds and the Gravimetric Factor Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations Chemical Reaction Concepts Writing and Balancing Chemical Reactions for Simple Processes Calculations Involving Excess and Limiting Reactants Progress of a Reaction Extent of Species Reaction and Rate of Reaction Terminology Chemical Reaction Kinetics Reaction Progress and Keq ^eq Values from FREED Guidelines for Using eq to Determine Maximum Reaction Extent Application of Equilibrium Limitations for Gas-Condensed Phase Reactions Application of Equilibrium Limitations to Gas-Phase Reactions Practical Indicators of the Progress of Reactions and Processes Parallel, Sequential and Mixed Reactions Independence of Chemical Reactions 274
5 viii 5.9 Practical Examples of Reaction Writing and Stoichiometry Calculations in Gas-Condensed Phase Processes Calculations in Gas-Phase Processes Use of Chemical Reactions in FlowBal FlowBal's Extent of Reaction Tool FlowBal's Insert Equation Tool Balancing Aqueous (Ionic) Reactions Summary 286 References and Further Reading 288 Exercises 288 Chapter 6. Reactive Material Balances The General Material Balance Procedure for a Reactive System Independent Chemical Reactions, Independent Species, and Independent Elements Molecular Species Material Balance Method Atomic Species Method Atomic and Molecular Species Balance Examples The Use of Excel-based Computational Tools in Reactive System Balances Application of SuperSolver Reactive System Material Balances Using FlowBal Combustion Material Balances Material Balance for the Combustion of a Gaseous Fuel Combustion of Liquid Fuels Combustion of Solid Fuels Use of Feed-Forward and Stack Gas Analysis for Combustion Control Use of FlowBal for Combustion Calculations Trace Combustion Products The Production of a Reducing Gas Gas-Solid Oxidation-Reduction Processes Oxidation-Reduction During Calcination The Reduction of Iron Ore Concentrate The Chemistry of Fluidized Bed Reduction of Iron Ore by Hydrogen Excel Simulation of the Fluidized Bed Reduction of Hematite FlowBal Simulation of the Fluidized Bed Reduction of Hematite Shaft Furnace Reduction of Iron Ore Concentrate The Roasting of a Sulfide Concentrate The Production of Gases with Controlled Oxygen and Carbon Potential Processes Controlled by Chemical Reaction Kinetics The Reconciliation of an Existing Materials Balance The Use of Distribution Coefficients in Material Balance Calculations Use of Tabulated Distribution Coefficients Thermodynamic Databases as a Source of Distribution Coefficient Data Time-Varying Processes Systems Containing Aqueous Electrolytes The Stability of Ions Aqueous Processes The Solubility of Ionizable Gases in Water Summary 402 References and Further Reading 404 Exercises 405
6 ix Chapter 7. Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics Principles and Definitions General Statement of the First Law of Thermodynamics First Law for an Open System Enthalpy, Heat Capacity, and Heat Content Enthalpy Change of Phase Transformations Enthalpy Change of Chemical Reactions Thermodynamic Databases for Pure Substances Effect of Temperature on Heat of Reaction Application of Kirchhoffs Equation to Chemical Reactions Heat of Transformation for Non-Standard and Non-Physical States The Properties of Steam and Compressed Air Properties of Steam Properties of Compressed Air Temperature Change for Free Expansion of a Gas Cooling by Steam Venting Enthalpy of Psychrometry The Use of FREED in Making Heat Balances Heat of Solution Formation of Non-ideal Metallic Solutions Polymeric Solutions Aqueous Solutions Summary 445 References and Further Reading 446 Exercises 447 Chapter 8. Enthalpy Balances in Non-Reactive Systems Combined Material and Heat (System) Balances Heat Balances for Adiabatic Processes Psychrometric Calculations Energy Efficiency Recovery and Recycling of Heat Heat Exchange Between Fluids Heat Exchange between Solids and Fluids Application of Heat Recovery Techniques to Aluminum Melting Heat Exchange Accompanied by Material Transfer Multiple-Device System Balances Use offlowbal for System Balances Heat Balances Involving Solution Phases Enthalpy Change During Dissolution of an Electrolyte Graphical Representation of a Heat Balance Summary 500 References and Further Reading 501 Exercises 502
7 X Chapter 9. System Balances on Reactive Processes Thermal Constraints on a Material Balance Uncoupled System Balances Strategy for Coupled System Balance Combustion of Fuels Heat of Combustion Calculations Use of Wobbe Index for Combustion Burner Control Combustion of Fuels of Uncertain Molecular Composition Adiabatic Processes System Balances Involving Combustion Reactions ART for Condensed-Phase Reaction Processes System Balances Using FlowBal Quality of Heat and Thermal Efficiency System Balances with Heat Exchangers Aqueous Processes Electrolytic Processes Energy Requirement for Electrorefining Energy Requirement for Electrowinning Summary 573 References and Further Reading 574 Exercises 574 Chapter 10. Case Studies Material Balance for an H-Iron Reduction Process with Gas Tempering and Recycle 10.2 Mass and Heat Balance Simulation for the Use of DRI in EAF Steelmaking Natural Gas Combustion Control and the Wobbe Index The Stoichiometry of NG Combustion with Excess Air The Wobbe Index as a Natural Gas Combustion Control Parameter Reduction of Hematite to Magnetite Preliminary Calculations Single Reactor Simulation of Hematite Reduction by a Multi-Stage 10.5 Conversion of Quartz to Cristobalite in a Fluidized Bed Process Characteristics Device Sizing and Heat Loss Calculation Material and Heat Balance Calculations 599 Exercise 600 Process 595 Appendix. Computational Tools for Making Material and Heat Balance Calculations 601 A.l U-Converter 601 A.2 Thermophysical Properties of Steam and Air 602 A.3 Stream Units Conversion Calculator (MMV-C) 602 A.4 Extension of Excel Tools for Repeat Calculation 603 A.5 Thermodynamic Database Programs 604 A.6 Flowsheet Simulation and System Balancing 604 General References 605 Index 606
8 I II Mg List of Examples Chapter 1. Dimensions, Units, and Conversion Factors.1 Mass and Weight of Aluminum 5.2 Kinetic Energy 6.3 Energy of Lifting 6.4 Units of Energy 7.5 Dimensions for Flowrate 8.6 Conversion of Temperature 9.7 Conversion Formula 9.8 Conversion of Pressure Conversion of Pressure - II Pressure in a. Liquid The SI and AES Mole The Density of a Slurry Bulk. Density of a Solid.14 Bulk Density of a Solid Concentration Conversion Composition of a Gas on a Wet and Dry Basis Electrical Flow in a Wire Electrical Energy for Metal Deposition Number of. Significant Figures 22 Chapter 2. Thermophysical and Related Properties of Material 2.1 Removal of Air by a Vacuum Pump Gas Volume and Flowrate Compressibility of Steam Thermal Expansion of Titanium Evaporation of Water in a Closed Vessel Humidity and Dew Point Moisture Content of Clay Dryer Streams Effect of Pressure on the Freezing Point of Water Effect of Pressure on the Vapor Pressure of Water Vapor and Liquid Phase Composition for the Cu Evaporation from Liquid Cd Volumetric Solubility of C02 in Water The Solubility of CaF2 in Water 49 Alloys at 700 C 47 Ni System 45 Chapter 3. Statistical Concepts Applied to Measurement and Sampling 3.1 A Histogram of Ceramic Strength Measurements Percentiles of the %Cu Data using Excel Uniformity of Vermiculite Particles Evaluation of the Normal Distribution for Ceramic Strength Data Finding a 90% Confidence Interval Relationship Between Sample Size and Interval Width Using the Si2ON2 Example
9 xii 3.7 Heat Capacity Systematic Error Ore Assay Improving Measurement Precision The Professor Tries Again Linear Random Error Propagation Multiplicative Random Error Propagation Other Random Error Propagation The Difference Between Propagation of Random and Systematic Errors Modeling the Heat Capacity of TiOx Non-linear Models for the CpTiOx Data An Asymptotic Model for the Heat Capacity of TiOx Using the Regression Tool to Find Non-Linear Models Removing the Thickness Variable from the Galvanized Corrosion Example Hypothesis Testing for the Galvanized Steel Model with Three Independent Variables Selecting a Model for the Hydrogen Reduction ofnio Calculating the Pressure-Catalyst Interaction Effect of a Fractional Factorial Design: How Much Information is Lost? 135 Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Material Balances with Applications to Non-Reacting Systems 4.1 Distillation ofacd-zn Alloy Charge Calculation for Feed to a Brass Melting Furnace Vacuum De-Zincing of Lead Leaching of Salt Cake from Aluminum Recycling Refining Crude Boric Acid by a Two-Stage Aqueous Process Recovery of KM11O4 by Evaporation Removing Dust and S02 from a Roaster Gas Absorption of HC Preparation of a Pigment Precursor Removal of CuS04 from a Pollution Control Residue Catalyst Reactivation Dissolution of ZnCl Removal of Hydrogen from Steel Vacuum Refining ofacd-zn Alloy Control Strategy for Upgrading Spent Reducing Gas 235 Chapter 5. Stoichiometry and the Chemical Equation 5.1 Use of the Gravimetric Factor for Silicon Mineralogical Constituents of a Concentrate Reduction ofwustite by CO Production of Molybdenum Carbide Production of Titanium by the Kroll Process The Reaction Between Oxygen and Carbon Reduction of Molybdenum Oxide with Hydrogen Carbothermic Reduction of Zinc Oxide Steam Reforming of Methane 278
10 xiii Chapter 6. Chapter 7. Chapter Controlled Oxidation of Pyrite Dissolution of Gold in Cyanide Solution 285 Reactive Material Balances 6.1 Production of Sulfur by Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide Chlorination of Silicon Application of FlowBal to Stack Gas Desulfurization Combustion of Natural Gas with XSA Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on the Oxidant Required for Complete Combustion Stack Gas Composition and Dew Point for Coal Combustion with Dry Air Calculation of% Excess Air from Stack Gas Analysis Calculation of CO, H2 and NO content in Hot Stack Gas Calculation of Reformer Gas Composition Calculation of dpt from Gas Analysis Calcination of Wet Pickling Cake Simulation of a Pre-Reduction Fluidized Bed Process Material Balance on Shaft Furnace Reduction of Hematite Roasting a Zinc Sulfide Concentrate Material Balance for BOF Steelmaking Leaching of Scrubber Dust The Optimum Precipitation of CaC03 by C Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics 7.1 Work and Heat During the Compression of an I deal Gas Heat Capacity and Enthalpy for a Flux Heat of Fusion of Lead Standard Heat of the Water-Gas Shift Reaction from 800 to 1500 K Supercooling Liquid Tin Combustion of CO with Preheated Air Adiabatic Compression of Steam Enthalpy Change During Reduction of NiO with C Temperature Change of an Adiabatic Reaction 440 Enthalpy Balances in Non-Reactive Systems 8.1 Heat Balance for Melting Aluminum Heat Balance for Spray Cooling of Hot Air Fog Cooling ofceramic Parts Atomization of a Molten Metal Dehumidifying Spent Gas from an Iron Ore Reducing Furnace Using Stack Gas to Dry Cadmium Powder Heat Exchange in a Waste Heat Boiler Preheating HC1 in a Pebble-Bed Vertical Shaft Heat Exchanger Lowering the Water Temperature from a Crystallizer Condensation of Zinc Vapor from a Gas Production of Distilled Water 492
11 xiv Chapter 9. System Balances on Reactive Processes 9.1 Heat of Combustion of a Spent Gas from a Reduction Process 9.2 Effect of Preheating Combustion Air on AFT Production of a Reducing Gas Adiabatic Reforming of Fuel Oil Oxidation of S02 to S03 for Sulfuric Acid Production Metallothermic Reduction of Uranium Tetrafluoride Lime-Assisted Reduction of Magnetite Calcination of Magnesium Carbonate Formation of Nickel Ferrite by Spray Roasting 561 CD 1 CD Content Descriptions 2 Air 3 Atmospheres 4 Charts 5 Combustion Documents 6 Copper Smelting 7 FlowBal and MMV-C 8 Material and Heat Balance Notes 9 NG Combust & Wobbe Index 10 Statistics 11 Steel 12 SuperGoalSeek 13 SuperSolver 14 Thermodynamic Database 15 Unit Conversions
Table of Contents. Preface...
Preface... xi Chapter 1. Metallurgical Thermochemistry... 1 1.1. Introduction... 1 1.2. Quantities characterizing the state of a system and its evolution... 3 1.2.1. The types of operations... 3 1.2.2.
More informationCenter for Advanced Sustainable Iron & Steel Making
Proposed Project 10: Effects of Carbonate Minerals on Filtration Rates Objective(s): Determine how carbonate minerals that either occur naturally in the ore, or are added as flux, affect the filtration
More informationOne of the main ores of zinc is zinc blende, ZnS. There are two stages in the extraction of zinc from this ore.
1 Two of the main uses of zinc are for galvanising and for making alloys. One of the main ores of zinc is zinc blende, ZnS. There are two stages in the extraction of zinc from this ore. (a) Stage 1 Zinc
More informationProperties A Metal B Non- metal Electronic configuration?? Nature of oxides?? Oxidizing or reducing action?? Conduction of heat and electricity??
CLASS: X NCERT (CBSE) SCIENCE: Chemistry Page: 1 Question 1: Compare the properties of a typical metal and a non-metal on the basis of the following. Fill in Column A, B. Properties A Metal B Non- metal
More informationIlmenite for pigment and metal production
Interdisciplinary Journal of Chemistry Research Article ISSN: 2398-7537 Ilmenite for pigment and metal production Fathi Habashi* Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering Laval University,
More information(a) To find out which is the more reactive metal, zinc or tin, the following experiment could be carried out. piece of zinc shiny surface
1 The reactivity series lists metals in order of reactivity. (a) To find out which is the more reactive metal, zinc or tin, the following experiment could be carried out. piece of zinc shiny surface tin(ii)
More informationCovered with a thin layer of oxide at ordinary temperatures.
1 More about Metals Physical properties of metals In general metals have luster, are malleable and ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity and have high boiling and melting points and nonmetals
More informationCombinations of alloys and environments subject to dealloying and elements preferentially removed
;~ page 8-1 SELECTIVE LEACHING ("Dealloying", "Parting") Corrosion in which one constituent of an alloy is preferentially removed, leaving behind an altered (weakened) residual structure. Can occur in
More informationGENARAL INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY :Std: XI-CHEMISTRY
GENARAL INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY :Std: XI-CHEMISTRY 1. What is matrix? The ore is generally associated with rock impurities like clay, sand etc. called gangue or matrix 2. What is mineral? The natural
More informationConversion of CO 2 Gas to CO Gas by the Utilization of Decarburization Reaction during Steelmaking Process
, pp. 413 418 Conversion of CO 2 Gas to CO Gas by the Utilization of Decarburization Reaction during Steelmaking Process Hiroyuki MATSUURA* and Fumitaka TSUKIHASHI Department of Advanced Materials Science,
More informationCOPPER PRECIPITATION AND CYANIDE RECOVERY PILOT TESTING FOR THE NEWMONT YANACOCHA PROJECT
COPPER PRECIPITATION AND CYANIDE RECOVERY PILOT TESTING FOR THE NEWMONT YANACOCHA PROJECT Michael Botz, Elbow Creek Engineering, Billings, MT Sevket Acar, Newmont Mining Corporation, Englewood, CO Introduction
More informationOutotec Hydrometallurgical Nickel Plants and Processes
Outotec Hydrometallurgical Plants and Processes Our expertise and experience provide the path to optimized solutions and complete plants for the production of highquality nickel, from a wide range of nickel
More informationCompounds & Reactions Week 1. Writing Formulas & Balancing Equations. Write the chemical formula for each molecular (covalent) compound.
Compounds & Reactions Week 1 Name Writing Formulas & Balancing Equations Write the chemical formula for each ionic compound. 1. Lithium fluoride 2. Copper (II) chloride 3. Manganese (II) oxide 4. Potassium
More informationOptimization of circuits for pressure leaching of sulphide ores and concentrates
Optimization of circuits for pressure leaching of sulphide ores and concentrates by F. Saloojee* and F.K. Crundwell* http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2016/v116n6a5 Pressure leaching is an option for
More informationPublished in German in METALL (Berlin) 28 (11), (1974) THE RECOVERY OF COPPER, IRON, AND SULFUR FROM CHALCOPYRITE CONCENTRATE BY REDUCTION
ublished in German in METALL (Berlin) 28 (11), 1051-54 (1974) THE RECOVERY OF COER, IRON, AND SULFUR FROM CHALCOYRITE CONCENTRATE BY REDUCTION Fathi Habashi Department of Mining & Metallurgy, Laval University
More informationDraw a ring around the correct word in the box to complete the sentence.
Q. Iron is the main structural metal used in the world. (a) The diagram represents the particles in iron, Fe. Draw a ring around the correct word in the box to complete the sentence. Iron is described
More informationW. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Cobalt Oxide Product Stewardship Summary
W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Cobalt Oxide Product Stewardship Summary I. Overview Cobalt oxide is a component in Grace hydroprocessing catalysts used globally by the petroleum industry for the refining of crude
More informationQualitative Phase Behavior and Vapor Liquid Equilibrium Core
2/22/2017 Qualitative Phase Behavior and Qualitative Phase Behavior Introduction There are three different phases: solid, liquid, and gas (vapor) Energy must be added to melt a solid to form liquid If
More informationFlue Gas Desulfurization by Limestone and Hydrated Lime Slurries
Flue Gas Desulfurization by Limestone and Hydrated Lime Slurries Ayşe Özyuğuran*, Ayşegül Ersoy-Meriçboyu Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak-Istanbul-Turkey
More informationPROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM. Report No by NICK KORENS ROBERT W. VAN SCOY. January private report by the PARK, CALIFORNIA
Report No. 110 SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION by NICK KORENS and ROBERT W. VAN SCOY January 1977 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE I MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA For detailed
More informationFinding the Root Cause is Critical
Finding the Root Cause is Critical Have you ever repaired a tube leak and put the boiler back in service, only to be forced off-line by another leak? Identifying and correcting the root cause is essential.
More informationTopic 2.7 EXTRACTION OF METALS. Extraction of Iron Extraction of Aluminium Extraction of Titanium Recycling
Topic 2.7 EXTRACTION OF METALS Extraction of Iron Extraction of Aluminium Extraction of Titanium Recycling EXTRACTING METALS FROM THEIR ORES Most metals do not occur native. They exist in compounds, usually
More informationProSimPlus Library (Standard version + rate base option)
ProSimPlus Library (Standard version + rate base option) Contents UNIT OPERATIONS... 5 Absorber... 5 Absorber with reboiler... 5 Rigorous two-phase distillation (L-V) with partial condenser and decanter...
More informationQuestionnaire (Steel Mills and Metal Smelting and Refining)
Questionnaire (Steel Mills and Metal Smelting and Refining) QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STEEL MILLS AND METAL SMELTING AND REFINING (SECTOR- RELATED QUESTIONS) The completion of this questionnaire is voluntary.
More informationElectricity and Chemistry
Electricity and Chemistry Electrochemistry: It is a branch of chemistry that deals with the reactions involving the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy and vice-versa. Electrochemical
More informationTOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
THE SEARCH FOR A NEW IRONMAKING PROCESS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WiK Wei Kao Lu Professor Emeritus Materials Science and Engineering g McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada GCEP Industry
More informationWF VAN DER VYVER
DETERMINATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEGREE OF REDUCTION DISINTEGRATION IN NORTHERN CAPE LUMP ORE AND THE ROLE OF GANGUE MINERALS IN THE PROPAGATION OF CRACKS WF VAN DER VYVER Dissertation submitted
More informationDownsizing a Claus Sulfur Recovery Unit
INFRASTRUCTURE MINING & METALS NUCLEAR, SECURITY & ENVIRONMENTAL Downsizing a Claus Sulfur Recovery Unit OIL, GAS & CHEMICALS By Charles L. Kimtantas and Martin A. Taylor ckimtant@bechtel.com & mataylo1@bechtel.com
More informationMETALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS Metals are elements whose atoms ionize by electron loss, while non-metals are elements whose atoms ionize by electron gain. Metals are in groups 1, 2 and 3 of the periodic table.
More informationChemistry 145 Exam number 4 name 11/19/98 # Faraday s constant is 96,500 c/mole of electrons.
Chemistry 145 Exam number 4 name 11/19/98 # Faraday s constant is 96,500 c/mole of electrons. A.(16) An electrochemical cell is prepared with a strip of manganese metal dipping in to a 1.0 M MnSO 4 solution
More informationIRONMAKING and THEORY AND PRACTICE. Ahindra Ghosh Amit Chatterjee
IRONMAKING and STEELMAKING THEORY AND PRACTICE Ahindra Ghosh Amit Chatterjee IRONMAKING AND STEELMAKING IRONMAKING AND STEELMAKING Theory and Practice AHINDRA GHOSH Formerly Professor Materials and Metallurgical
More informationCan Fluorspar be replaced in steelmaking? Eugene Pretorius Baker Refractories
Can Fluorspar be replaced in steelmaking? By Eugene Pretorius Baker Refractories I) Introduction The use of fluorspar in steelmaking is a controversial issue. A number of studies have shown that there
More informationElectric Furnace Off-Gas Cleaning Systems Installation at PT Inco ABSTRACT
Electric Furnace Off-Gas Cleaning Systems Installation at PT Inco Paykan Safe and Matt Russell WorleyParsons Gas Cleaning, Irving, Texas USA ABSTRACT PT Inco is a ferronickel smelter in Soroako, Sulawesi,
More informationMetals I. Anne Mertens
"MECA0139-1: Techniques "MECA0462-2 additives : et Materials 3D printing", Selection", ULg, 19/09/2017 25/10/2016 Metals I Anne Mertens Introduction Outline Metallic materials Materials Selection: case
More informationS.E. (Chemical) (First Semester) EXAMINATION, 2012 PROCESS CALCULATIONS (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 100
Total No. of Questions 12] [Total No. of Printed Pages 8 Seat No. [4162]-185 S.E. (Chemical) (First Semester) EXAMINATION, 2012 PROCESS CALCULATIONS (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 100
More information42. Sim Distribution Example
HSC 8 - Sim Distribution 42. Sim Distribution Example Magnetite Oxidation Example 14022-ORC-J 1 (22) Pelletized magnetite (Fe3O4) ore can be oxidized to hematite (Fe2O3) in a shaft furnace. The typical
More informationa) The self-diffusion coefficient of a metal with cubic structure can be expressed as
EXERCISES KJM5120 Chapter 5; Diffusion 1. Random (self) diffusion a) The self-diffusion coefficient of a metal with cubic structure can be expressed as 1 n D = s 6 t 2 where n/t represents the jump frequency
More informationcalcium oxide removes acidic oxides basic oxides acidic oxides basic oxides Iron obtained from the blast furnace is contaminated with
1 Iron from a blast furnace is treated with and with calcium oxide to make steel. Which substances in the are removed? removes calcium oxide removes acidic oxides basic oxides acidic oxides basic oxides
More information*20GSD5201* Double Award Science: Chemistry. Unit C2 Higher Tier TUESDAY 9 JUNE 2015, AFTERNOON [GSD52] *GSD52* *G5802* TIME 1 hour 15 minutes.
Centre Number Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2015 Double Award Science: Chemistry Unit C2 Higher Tier [GSD52] *GSD52* *G5802* *GSD52* TUESDAY 9 JUNE 2015, AFTERNOON TIME 1
More informationDAVID BRENNAN SUSTAINABLE PROCESS ENGINEERING CONCEPTS, STRATEGIES, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION. Pan Stanford. Publishing
DAVID BRENNAN SUSTAINABLE PROCESS ENGINEERING CONCEPTS, STRATEGIES, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION Pan Stanford Publishing Contents Acknowledgements Preface xvii xix Part A: Concepts Introduction to Part
More informationChemistry of Petrochemical Processes
Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes ChE 464 Instructor: Dr. Ahmed Arafat, PhD Office: building 45 room 106 E-mail: akhamis@kau.edu.sa www.kau.edu.sa.akhamis files Book Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes
More informationHigh-efficiency low LCOE combined cycles for sour gas oxy-combustion with CO[subscript 2] capture
High-efficiency low LCOE combined cycles for sour gas oxy-combustion with CO[subscript 2] capture The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your
More informationJust what is Acid Rain?
Acid Rain Just what is Acid Rain? Acid Rain is the term used to describe the ways in which acid precipitates out of the atmosphere. Acid Rain is more accurately termed acid deposition. There are two types
More informationCO 2 Capture and Storage: Options and Challenges for the Cement Industry
CO 2 Capture and Storage: Options and Challenges for the Cement Industry Martin Schneider, Düsseldorf, Germany CSI Workshop Beijing, 16 17 November 2008 CO 2 abatement costs will tremendously increase
More informationGASIFICATION AND THE MIDREX DIRECT REDUCTION PROCESS
GASIFICATION AND THE MIDREX DIRECT REDUCTION PROCESS By: Rob Cheeley Senior Sales Engineer Midrex Direct Reduction Corporation 201 S. College Street, Suite 2100 Charlotte, NC 28244 Phone: 704-378-3343
More informationIntroduction to the phase diagram Uses and limitations of phase diagrams Classification of phase diagrams Construction of phase diagrams
Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Concept of alloying Classification of alloys Introduction to the phase diagram Uses and limitations of phase diagrams Classification of phase diagrams
More informationSteel Making. Modern Long Product Manufacturing. Process Flow Chart
Rolling Process Metallurgical Aspects Material Specifications and Chemistries Standard Mill Practices Miscellaneous Tables & Data Elastic Section Modulus Plastic Section Modulus Moment of Inertia SI Conversion
More informationtrue grit minerals CUMI lative range of EMD PRODUCT CATALOG 100 years US $ 3 billion 29 companies +30,000 people MURUGAPPA GROUP
MURUGAPPA GROUP 100 years US $ 3 billion 29 companies +30,000 people EMD ELECTRO MINERALS DIVISION CUMI lative range of true grit minerals PRODUCT CATALOG FUSED PRODUCTS MACRO REGULAR BROWN FUSED ALUMINA
More informationPrevention Strategies Design and Coatings
Lecture 14 Prevention Strategies Design and Coatings Keywords: Corrosion Prevention, Designs, Protective Coatings. There are a number of methods to control corrosion. The choice of any one control technique
More informationScience Class 8 Topic: Elements And Compounds Reinforcement Worksheet
Science Class 8 Topic: Elements And Compounds Reinforcement Worksheet Name: Sec: Date: Q1.Choose the best answer. 1. Which of the following is an element? a) steam b) sugar c)dry ice d) sulphur 2. Which
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY SPONTANEOUS REDOX REACTIONS APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS BATTERIES A galvanic cell, or series of combined galvanic cells, that can be used as a source of direct
More informationWaste Acid Recycling Technology by Slag
Technical Report NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL TECHNICAL REPORT No. 109 JULY 2015 Waste Acid Recycling Technology by Slag UDC 669. 184. 28 : 621. 794. 48 Shigeharu MATSUBAYASHI* Abstract In this study,
More informationREDUCTION OF CO 2 EMISSION TO METHANE USING HYDROGENATION WITH NICKEL (110) SURFACE CATALYST
REDUCTION OF CO 2 EMISSION TO METHANE USING HYDROGENATION WITH NICKEL (110) SURFACE CATALYST G. Santoshi 1, Ch. SaiRam 2, M. Chaitanya 3 1,2,3 Civil Engineering,Miracle Educational Society Group of Institutions,
More informationEvonik s Andrussow process expertise for tailor-made solutions
Evonik s Andrussow process expertise for tailor-made solutions Scope of a standard HCN technology license Evonik Performance Materials GmbH offers plant designs for the production of gaseous and liquid
More informationModeling, Simulation and Optimization of Energy Systems using Aspen Plus. Giovanni Manente University of Padova
Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Energy Systems using Aspen Plus Giovanni Manente University of Padova University of Ljubljana, April 2017 Outline of the presentation Flowsheet simulation 3 Sequential
More informationMaterials engineering. Iron and steel making
Materials engineering Iron and steel making Metals: rarely exist in pure state mostly in ores Ore: Metallic and other compounds, mostly oxides Metallic content: Iron ores: 30-70% Fe Copper ores: 0.1-0.8
More informationENERGY CARRIERS AND CONVERSION SYSTEMS Vol. II - Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells - Kouichi Takizawa
MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS Kouichi Takizawa Tokyo Electric Power Company, Japan Keywords: alkali metal carbonate, coal gasfication gas, lithium aluminate, nickel oxide, wet seal. external reforming, internal
More informationenvironmental impacts. These impurity levels may be very heterogeneous and in
CO 2 IMPURITIES Captured CO 2 from an (industrial) activity (such as the CO 2 that will be handled by the CO 2 distribution hub) may contain impurities, which would have practical impacts on CO 2 transport
More informationStationary source emissions control
Air Quality 4 th ed Chapter 10- Control of Emissions from Stationary Sources Stationary source emissions control Approaches Tall stacks Fuel use policies Pollution prevention Gas cleaning 1 Tall stacks
More informationChapter 20 CHEMISTRY. Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals. Dr. Ibrahim Suleiman
CHEMISTRY Chapter 20 Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals Dr. Ibrahim Suleiman GENERAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF METALS opaque good conductors of heat and electricity high malleability and ductility
More informationDetermination of the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide
Determination of the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide The quantitative stoichiometric relationships governing mass and amount will be studied using the combustion reaction of magnesium metal. Magnesium
More informationHot Gas Filters for Control of Emissions to Atmosphere
Hot Gas Filters for Control of Emissions to Atmosphere by: Chris Withers CEng, FIChE Caldo Consultants, Tel:+(44) 1562 743346 Email info@caldo.com The Case for Hot Gas Filters Part 1 Most controlled processes
More informationHIGH PUITY CARBON MONOXIDE FROM A FEED GAS ARNOLD KELLER AND RONALD SCHENDEL KINETICS TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION MONROVIA, CALIFORNIA
THE USE OF COSORB R II TO RECOVER HIGH PUITY CARBON MONOXIDE FROM A FEED GAS BY ARNOLD KELLER AND RONALD SCHENDEL KINETICS TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION MONROVIA, CALIFORNIA PRESENTED AT AICHE SUMMER
More informationSeparations and Reactors. Acrylic Acid Production via the Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Propylene
Separations and Reactors Acrylic Acid Production via the Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Propylene Process Information Background Acrylic acid (AA) is used as a precursor for a wide variety of chemicals
More informationAnalysis of Cast Iron Using Shimadzu PDA-7000
Analysis of Cast Iron Using Shimadzu PDA-7000 C112-0510M The analysis of low and high alloy cast iron by optical emission spectrometry is presented. Cast iron alloys are classified by their mechanical
More informationAdvanced Analytical Chemistry Lecture 10. Chem 4631
Advanced Analytical Chemistry Lecture 10 Chem 4631 What is a fuel cell? An electro-chemical energy conversion device A factory that takes fuel as input and produces electricity as output. O 2 (g) H 2 (g)
More informationMETAL FINISHING. (As per revised VTU syllabus: )
METAL FINISHING (As per revised VTU syllabus: 2015-16) Definition: It is a process in which a specimen metal (article) is coated with another metal or a polymer in order to modify the surface properties
More informationPRESSURE OXIDATION OF PYRITE-ARSENOPYRITE REFRACTORY GOLD CONCENTRATE
Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process. 49(1), 2013, 101 109 www.minproc.pwr.wroc.pl/journal/ Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing ISSN 1643-1049 (print) ISSN 2084-4735 (online) Received April 15,
More informationTWEED RIVER HIGH SCHOOL 2006 PRELIMINARY CHEMISTRY. Unit 2 Metals
TWEED RIVER HIGH SCHOOL 2006 PRELIMINARY CHEMISTRY Unit 2 Metals Part 2 Metals differ in their reactivity with other chemicals and this influences their uses. Describe observable changes when metals react
More informationCansolv Technologies Inc. Alberta NOx and SOx Control Technologies Symposium April 9, Rick Birnbaum
A Novel SO 2 Scrubbing Process For Industrial SO 2 Emission Control Alberta NOx and SOx Control Technologies Symposium April 9, 2008 Rick Birnbaum rick.birnbaum@cansolv.com OUTLINE Gas Absorption Solutions
More information40 MIGD potabilization plant at Ras Laffan: design and operating experience
Desalination 182 (2005) 275 282 40 MIGD potabilization plant at Ras Laffan: design and operating experience Giorgio Migliorini, Renzo Meinardi Fisia Italimpianti, Genoa, Italy Tel. þ39 010 6096 429; Fax
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM
APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM KEY POINTS OF Fe-C Diagram Phases: Liquid Fe-Tmin=1148C @ 4.3%C 1394 C
More information5-4 Chemical changes Trilogy
5-4 Chemical changes Trilogy.0 A student investigated the reaction of sodium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid. The student used the apparatus shown in Figure. Figure Sodium carbonate This is the
More informationThere s also got to be a wire, but that s kind of taken for granted.
RedOx Pt 2 Electrochemical Cells (AKA simple batteries) An electrochemical cell has 3 major components: 1. The Cathode (and it s corresponding solution) 2. The Anode (and it s corresponding solution) 3.
More informationHigh Temperature Corrosion Behavior of DS GTD-111 in Oxidizing and Sulfidizing Environments
High Temperature Corrosion Behavior of DS GTD-111 in Oxidizing and Sulfidizing Environments Matthew D. Trexler, Preet M. Singh, and Thomas H. Sanders Jr. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
More informationModelling of CO 2 capture using Aspen Plus for EDF power plant, Krakow, Poland
Modelling of CO 2 capture using Aspen Plus for EDF power plant, Krakow, Poland Vipul Gupta vipul.gupta@tecnico.ulisboa.pt Instituto Superior Técnico,Lisboa, Portugal October 2016 Abstract This work describes
More informationJuly Table 1. General influencing trends of carbon and sulfur on the physical properties ofmetals.
July 2012 Advancing Carbon and Sulfur Assessment: Combustion Analysis with Minimal Furnace Maintenance By Dr. Eric S. Oxley, Product Manager GA, Bruker Elemental, Billerica, MA USA Carbon and Sulfur Content
More informationCHLOR-ALKALI INDUSTRY
CHLOR-ALKALI INDUSTRY The chlor-alkali industry represents of three major industrial chemicals: Soda ash (sodium carbonate-na 2 CO 3 ) Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide-naoh) Chlorine (Cl 2 ) These chemicals
More informationDRI Direct Reduced Iron
DRI Direct Reduced Iron What is DRI? Sponge iron/dri has gained great prominence in world as a substitute of steel scrap (partially) in steel making in electric arc furnace and in induction furnace. Direct
More informationMetallurgical Gas Cleaning System Design for Emissions Control and Energy Efficiency
Metallurgical Gas Cleaning System Design for Emissions Control and Energy Efficiency Paykan Safe and Matt Russell WorleyParsons GCT 111 Ferguson Court Suite 103 Irving, TX, USA 75062 ABSTRACT Metallurgical
More informationADECOS II. Advanced Development of the Coal-Fired Oxyfuel Process with CO 2 Separation
Fakultät Maschinenwesen Institut für Energietechnik, Professur für Verbrennung, Wärme- & Stoffübertragung ADECOS II Advanced Development of the Coal-Fired Oxyfuel Process with CO 2 S. Grahl, A. Hiller,
More informationPotentials and Limitations with respect to NO x -Reduction of Coke Plants
Potentials and Limitations with respect to NO x -Reduction of Coke Plants NEUWIRTH, Ralf 1, HUHN, Friedrich 1, KIM, Ronald 1, GORSKI, Arkadius 1 (1. ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solution AG, BU Process Technologies,
More informationHumidity & Vapour Pressure (1990) (1991)
Humidity & Vapour Pressure 1(i). A mixture of Ethyl Acetate vapor and air has a relative saturation of 50 percent at 30 C and a total pressure of 100 kn / m2. If the vapor pressure of Ethyl Acetate at
More informationU.S. General Services Administration Historic Preservation Technical Procedures. Galvanized Iron And Steel: Characteristics, Uses And Problems
U.S. General Services Administration Historic Preservation Technical Procedures Galvanized Iron And Steel: Characteristics, Uses And Problems 05010-09 GALVANIZED IRON AND STEEL: CHARACTERISTICS, USES AND
More informationA STUDY OF CASTING CHARACTERISTICS FOR DIE-CAST ALUMINUM ALLOY
ME8109: Casting And Solidification of Material A STUDY OF CASTING CHARACTERISTICS FOR DIE-CAST ALUMINUM ALLOY Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering
More informationFluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics Design Project. Production of Ethanol
Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics Design Project Production of Ethanol Your assignment is to continue evaluating the details of a process to produce 30,000 tonne/y of ethanol from ethylene.
More informationNEW EAF DUST TREATMENT PROCESS : ESRF MICHIO NAKAYAMA *
NEW EAF DUST TREATMENT PROCESS : ESRF BY MICHIO NAKAYAMA * SYNOPSYS: Electric arc furnaces (EAF) generate much dust during operation, which contains very high percentages of zinc, lead, and iron, as well
More informationChoosing the Right Technologies for Reverb Furnaces. Russell Hewertson, Manager of Combustion Technology
Choosing the Right Technologies for Reverb Furnaces Russell Hewertson, Manager of Combustion Technology Choosing the Right Technologies for Reverb Furnaces Russell Hewertson, Manager of Combustion Technology
More information85 Q.51 Which of the following carbonates would give the metal when heated with carbon? (1) MgCO 3 (2) PbCO 3 (3) K 2 CO 3 (4) CuCO 3
Metal and metal reactivity / Section 2 / Sect2pp.doc / S. W. Tse / P.1 85 Q.51 Which of the following carbonates would give the metal when heated with carbon? (1) MgCO 3 (2) PbCO 3 (3) K 2 CO 3 (4) CuCO
More informationFundamental Aspects of Calciothermic Process to Produce Titanium
Materials Transactions, Vol. 45, No. 5 (2004) pp. 1660 to 1664 Special Issue on Recent Research and Developments in Titanium and Its Alloys #2004 The Japan Institute of Metals Fundamental Aspects of Calciothermic
More information2015 O LEVEL CHEMISTRY 5073/02
OF SCIENCE 2015 O LEVEL CHEMISTRY 5073/02 SECTION A 1. The table shows some common oxidation states for some elements in their compounds. element common oxidation states metal / non-metal A 2 non-metal
More informationDegassing Components Unique Oxidation Resistance Treatment
Page 1/7 CGT Carbon is supplier of Carbon Graphite Materials and their Components including carbon graphite felt, rigid graphite felt, carbon-carbon composite and also quartz crucible. We offer these products
More informationProcess Economics Program
IHS Chemical Process Economics Program Report 148C Synthesis Gas Production from Coal and Petroleum Coke Gasification By Jamie Lacson IHS Chemical agrees to assign professionally qualified personnel to
More informationREPORT NUMBER REPORT DATE SEND TO ISSUE DATE Apr 18, Apr 18, 2017 RECEIVED DATE Apr 05, 2017
PAGE 1/7 Sample ID: EWA PELLETS Lab Number: 2653281 Date Sampled: 2017-04-04 0850 Carbon nitrogen ratio C/N 6 : 1 0.1 Calculation Auto-2017/04/12 Auto-2017/04/18 Carbon (total) 38.53 % 0.050 ASTM D 5373
More informationFinal Examination. Instructions. Guidelines. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA College of Engineering Department of Materials Science & Engineering
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA College of Engineering Department of Materials Science & Engineering Spring Semester 2006 Professor R. Gronsky MSE 121 Name (Please Print) Final Examination Instructions Please
More informationNon-Ferrous-Metallurgy in Aachen -Short Department Presentation B. Friedrich
Non-Ferrous-Metallurgy in Aachen -Short Department Presentation B. Friedrich IME Process Metallurgy and Metal, RWTH Aachen University Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Bernd Friedrich Our business education in non-ferrous
More informationEVALED. Evaporator and Crystallizer WATER TECHNOLOGIES
EVALED Evaporator and Crystallizer WATER TECHNOLOGIES _Evaporation Technologies Evaporation is not only a natural phenomenon but also a clean separation technology that has been recognized as a best available
More informationHydrogen is a particularly
Optimised hydrogen production by steam reforming: part I Modelling optimisation of process and design parameters for minimising natural gas consumption in hydrogen production by steam reforming Sanke Rajyalakshmi,
More informationALUMINUM POWDER METALLURGY
ALUMINUM POWDER METALLURGY Increased demand for light weight components, primarily driven by the need to reduce energy consumption in a variety of societal and structural components, has led to increased
More informationLaboratory Investigations of the Electrical Resistivity of Cokes and Smelting Charge for Optimizing Operation in Large Ferrochrome Furnaces
Southern African Pyrometallurgy 2006, Edited by R.T. Jones, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Johannesburg, 5-8 March 2006 Laboratory Investigations of the Electrical Resistivity of Cokes
More information