Supplementary Figure 1: Geometry of the in situ tensile substrate. The dotted rectangle indicates the location where the TEM sample was placed.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Supplementary Figure 1: Geometry of the in situ tensile substrate. The dotted rectangle indicates the location where the TEM sample was placed."

Transcription

1 Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1: Geometry of the in situ tensile substrate. The dotted rectangle indicates the location where the TEM sample was placed.

2 Supplementary Figure 2: The original HAADF-STEM image of Figure 2a without marks. The scale bar represents 0.5 nm.

3 Supplementary Figure 3: Structural variations between region I and II determined from another crack tip. a, Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image showing regions I and II with different crystal structures or orientations. The scale bar represents 1 nm. b, Distribution of the measured angle between two basic vectors (x and y) in the entire imaged area. c, A statistical profile of angle β for every 0.5 nm along the horizontal direction of the image; the average angle values with the uncertainty of measurement in every block are shown. The error bars represent the standard deviation.

4 Supplementary Figure 4: NDPs acquired from three different regions individually. a, region I, b, region II and c, region III in Fig. 2a. R1, R2 and R3 are defined as vectors between the transmission spot and the nearest, second nearest and third nearest diffraction spots.

5 Supplementary Figure 5: Typical NDPs mainly from region II at other crack tips.

6 Supplementary Figure 6: NDP for another orientation of the fcc phase. NDP obtained after tilting the sample ~19 away from the original viewing direction, including diffraction patterns of the [10-2] fcc, [114] bcc and [113] bcc zone axes.

7 Supplementary Figure 7: Atomic process of phase transitions. a-d, bcc1 fcc and e-h, fcc bcc2. b-d, enlarged images of the square area in a with one cyan-circle marked atom showing the transformation from the bcc1 to fcc lattice. f-h, enlarged images of the square area in e with another cyan-circle marked atom showing the transformation from the fcc to bcc2 lattice.

8 Supplementary Figure 8: The nucleation and growth of the fcc phase by successive local shears. The dashed circles in a-c indicate the locations of the local shears, while the arrows in all the subfigures indicate their moving direction along <110>. The atoms are colored according to their coordination number, white: 14 (bcc), blue: 13, yellow: 12 (fcc), maroon: 11, green: 10 and pink: 9.

9 Supplementary Figure 9: The physical process of the phase transitions bcc1 fcc bcc2. a-c, Viewed along [001] of the bcc1 phase (the viewing direction in the experiments). d-f, Viewed along [110] of the bcc1 phase, i.e., normal to the interface plane between bcc1 and bcc2. The V1 and V2 routes lead to the two bcc2 variants.

10 Supplementary Figure 10: Images showing different bcc1 and bcc2 relationships. a, HAADF-STEM image (scale bar represents 1 nm), b, HRTEM image for the [001] bcc1 //[1-11] bcc2 and (110) bcc1 //(110) bcc2 relationship (scale bar represents 3 nm), and c, HRTEM image for the [001] bcc1 //[1-11] bcc2 and (110) bcc1 +~10 //(110) bcc2 relationship (scale bar represents 3 nm).

11 Supplementary Figure 11: {112}<111> twins observed in MD simulations. The crack configuration is {001}<110>. Circles A and B: regions that start to re-orientate.

12 Supplementary Figure 12: {112}<111> twin observed in experiment. The crack configuration is {001}<110>. The scale bar represents 2 nm.

13 Supplementary Tables Supplementary Table 1: The ratios of R2/R1 and R3/R1 and angle φ and interplanar distance d R1 measured from the NDPs of Supplementary Fig. 4. Region R2/R1 R3/R1 φ( ) d R1 (nm) I II III

14 Supplementary Table 2: The angle φ measured in different NDPs from the fcc structure at different crack tips. φ ( ) Mean Standard deviation

15 Supplementary Notes Supplementary Note 1. HAADF-STEM image with bcc and fcc structures Similar to Fig. 2a, Supplementary Fig. 3a presents an HAADF-STEM image acquired from another crack tip with two different regions and a sharp interface. The orientation relationship between bcc1 and fcc is also (110) bcc1 //(111) fcc and [001] bcc1 //[10-1] fcc, which is the same as that in Fig. 2a. A similar analysis of the angle β between two basic vectors (x and y) is performed. In the profile result (Supplementary Fig. 3b), two peaks emerged at approximately 70 and 91 for regions I and II, respectively. A statistical analysis of the angle β for every 0.5 nm along the horizontal direction of the image was performed, and the average angle values with the uncertainty of measurement 1-3 for every block are shown in Supplementary Fig. 3c. Within each region, the angles are always near the characteristic angle (70.5 or 90 ) of <110>-orientated fcc or <100>-orientated bcc structures, except for a small fluctuation originating from the uncertainty of the measurement. Across the two regions, there is an abrupt angle change in a narrow area (~1 nm), which is indeed a boundary between the two structures. The results strongly indicate that a bcc fcc structure transformation occurs at the crack tip. The dimension of the fcc structure can reach as large as ~4 8 nm 2 here. Supplementary Note 2. Distinguishing the fcc structure from the bcc phase by electron nanodiffraction Supplementary Fig. 4 presents three electron nanodiffraction patterns (NDPs) acquired from every individual region I, II and III in Fig. 2a. For each NDP, R1, R2 and R3 are defined as vectors between the transmission spot and the nearest, second nearest and third nearest diffraction spots, respectively. The ratios of R2/R1 and R3/R1, the angle φ between R1 and R2 (here the angle φ is measured in reciprocal space, which corresponds to the angle β in real space in the HAADF-STEM images) and the interplanar spacing (d R1 ) of the crystallographic planes corresponding to R1 are measured from the NDPs in Supplementary Fig. 4 and listed in Supplementary Table 1. Comparing the measured results to the four parameters (R2/R1, R3/R1, φ and d R1 ) of a bcc Mo crystal (a = nm), the NDPs of regions I and III (Supplementary Fig. 4a and 4c) are undoubtedly determined to be the <001> and <111> zone axes of the bcc structure, respectively, while the NDP of region II (Supplementary Fig. 4b) does not fit any zone axis of the bcc structure. Nevertheless, upon comparison with the characteristic parameters (1.0, 1.15, 70.5 ) of the <110> zone axis of the reported fcc structure 4, the experimental data (1.0, 1.13, 70.3 ) matched well, and the lattice parameter of the fcc structure here was determined to be a = nm using d R1 = nm. This finding means that region II is most likely an fcc structure (or a structure with an fcc-like diffraction pattern along

16 this observed direction) rather than a bcc structure. NDPs with similar configurations as that in Supplementary Fig. 4b were detected at more than 10 crack tips in this work, and the angles in these NDPs were measured to be ~70.8 within an error of ±1.2 (SD, Supplementary Table 2). Typical NDPs from region II at other crack tips are shown in Supplementary Fig. 5. This result indicates that an angle of approximately 70.5 is a characteristic angle of the new structure, which is much different than the idea of continuous elastic distortion with a series of continuously varying angles between 60 and 90. Accordingly, the deformation behavior is related to structural transitions, and an fcc (or fcc-like) structure is identified. Supplementary Note 3. NDP in another orientation of the fcc phase After tilting the sample ~19 away from the original viewing direction, another NDP is obtained (Supplementary Fig. 6). The NDP in Supplementary Fig. 6 includes several sets of diffraction patterns. Two sets of patterns can be indexed as the <113> and <114> zone axes of the bcc crystal, and another set does not belong to a bcc crystal. The values of R2/R1, R3/R1 and the angle between R1 and R2 are approximately 2.24, 2.43, and 90, respectively. Here, R1, R2 and R3 are defined as vectors between the transmission spot and the nearest, second nearest and third nearest diffraction spots, respectively. This set of diffraction spots does not match with the diffraction patterns of any zone axis in the bcc or distorted bcc structure; however, this set belongs to the <102> zone axis of the fcc phase. The angle between the [10-1] fcc and [10-2] fcc axes is 18.4, which agrees well with the tilting angle of ~19 from the original [10-1] fcc direction in our experiment. The angle between [001] bcc and [114] bcc is 19.5 ; thus, the [114] bcc diffraction pattern will appear. However, in Supplementary Fig. 6, a [113] bcc diffraction pattern also appeared; the reason may be that the angle between [114] bcc and [113] bcc is as small as 5.8. When the electron beam is nearly parallel to [114] bcc zone axis, the reciprocal rods of some planes along the [113] bcc zone axis can intersect with the Ewald sphere and form diffraction spots. In fact, only two rows (indicated by the green arrows) of diffraction spots within the [113] bcc zone axis appear in Supplementary Fig. 6. A missing row of diffraction spots along the blue arrow in the scope of Supplementary Fig. 6 indicates the [113] bcc did not align well with the direction of the incident electron beam. Moreover, the effect of double diffraction in the complex diffraction pattern has been verified. The as-indexed fcc diffraction pattern was guaranteed as not being generated from any double diffractions of the bcc crystal. Supplementary Note 4. The mechanisms of the bcc1 fcc bcc2 phase transitions First, the atomic processes during the phase transitions bcc1 fcc and fcc bcc2 are revealed by MD simulation, as illustrated in Supplementary Fig. 7. All the figures (Supplementary Fig. 7) share the same lattice orientation as indicated in Supplementary Fig. 7a. The regions bounded by dashed lines in

17 Supplementary Figs. 7a and 7e are magnified in Supplementary Figs. 7(b-d) and 7(f-h), respectively. Supplementary Figs. 7(b-d) show one cyan-circle-marked atom in the original bcc1 lattice (white) transformed into an fcc-coordinate atom (yellow) by successive atomic shear along <110> bcc1 and small shuffles. The atomic image of the fcc region viewed along the <110> fcc direction is consistent with the viewing direction in the experiments (Figs. 2a and 4a). Supplementary Figs. 7(f-h) show the transformation from fcc to bcc2 via atomic shear on {111} planes of the fcc lattice with another cyan-circle-marked atom. The arrows in Supplementary Fig. 7d indicate the relative orientation of the bcc1 and fcc grains, while those in Supplementary Fig. 7h indicate the relative orientation of fcc and bcc2. The entire process is consistent with the N-W and K-S mechanisms. Furthermore, a possible mechanism of nucleation and growth of the fcc phase is revealed by the initial instantaneous configurations of the MD simulation results, as illustrated in Supplementary Figs. 8(a-f). The phase transformation is initiated by localized shears near the crack tip and proceeds by further propagation of these shears. As indicated by the dashed circles in Supplementary Fig. 8a, two shears occur at P1 and P2 propagating along [1-10] toward the lower right corner. P1 generates the first fcc layer, while P2 has just formed near the crack tip and is generating the second fcc layer. In Supplementary Fig. 8b, P1 and P2 further propagate, thickening the fcc nucleus, while P3 forms. In Supplementary Fig. 8c, both P1 and P2 stop as steps at the bcc/fcc boundary when they merged with another fcc region, and a two-layer fcc nucleus formed, while P3 further propagates and thickens the fcc nucleus. The repetition of this formation and propagation gradually extends the fcc phase (Supplementary Figs. 8(d-f)). Based on the N-W and K-S orientation relationships between bcc1-fcc and fcc-bcc2 structures, the mechanisms of these phase transformations are deduced and schematically illustrated in Supplementary Fig. 9. Here, (a-c) and (d-f) show the structural changes viewed along the [001] bcc1 (corresponding to the observation direction in the experiments) and [110] bcc1 (normal to the interface plane between bcc1 and bcc2 in Fig. 1) directions, respectively. The first transition, bcc1 fcc, obeys the N-W deformation process and consists of two steps. (1) The atoms in the (110) bcc1 planes shear in the [1-10] bcc1 direction, which reduces the angle θ from 90 to 70.5, as observed in Supplementary Figs. 9a to 9b. (2) The angle ω changes from 70.5 to 60 and is accompanied by small shuffles of atoms to form an fcc structure (Supplementary Figs. 9(d-e)). The second transition, fcc bcc2, follows the K-S process (Supplementary Figs. 9(b-c) and 9(e-f)) according to the V1 route in the Supplementary Fig. 9c: (i) The atoms in the (111) fcc planes shear in the [-211] fcc direction. The shear angle is (ii) A smaller shear occurs along the [-110] fcc direction in the (111) fcc planes, and simultaneously, the angle ω expands to (iii) Some atoms shuffle to form a bcc2 structure. According to the crystallographic symmetry of the fcc structure, two equivalent {111} planes ((111), (1-11)) belong to the same [10-1] zone, such that step (i-iii) may also proceed in the (1-11) plane (the

18 V2 route described in Supplementary Fig. 9c). The two bcc2 phase formed from routes V1 and V2 are variants. The two bcc2 variants are observed in the experiments shown in the HAADF-STEM images Fig. 2a and Supplementary Fig. 10a and in the HRTEM images Supplementary Figs. 10b and 10c.

19 Supplementary References 1. Du, K., Ernst, F., Pelsozy, M., Barthel, J. & Tillmann, K. Expansion of interatomic distances in platinum catalyst nanoparticles. Acta Mater. 58, (2010). 2. Seitz, H., Ahlborn, K., Seibt, M. & Schröter, W. Sensitivity limits of strain mapping procedures using high-resolution electron microscopy. J. Microsc. 190, (1998). 3. Du, K. & Phillipp, F. On the accuracy of lattice-distortion analysis directly from high-resolution transmission electron micrographs. J. Microsc. 221, (2006). 4. Häglund, J., Guillermet, A. F., Grimvall, G. & Körling, M. Theory of bonding in transition-metal carbides and nitrides. Phys. Rev. B 48, (1993).

11.3 The analysis of electron diffraction patterns

11.3 The analysis of electron diffraction patterns 11.3 The analysis of electron diffraction patterns 277 diameter) Ewald reflecting sphere, the extension of the reciprocal lattice nodes and the slight buckling of the thin foil specimens all of which serve

More information

Twins & Dislocations in HCP Textbook & Paper Reviews. Cindy Smith

Twins & Dislocations in HCP Textbook & Paper Reviews. Cindy Smith Twins & Dislocations in HCP Textbook & Paper Reviews Cindy Smith Motivation Review: Outline Crystal lattices (fcc, bcc, hcp) Fcc vs. hcp stacking sequences Cubic {hkl} naming Hcp {hkil} naming Twinning

More information

3. Anisotropic blurring by dislocations

3. Anisotropic blurring by dislocations Dynamical Simulation of EBSD Patterns of Imperfect Crystals 1 G. Nolze 1, A. Winkelmann 2 1 Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany 2 Max-Planck- Institute of Microstructure

More information

STATE OF SOLIDIFICATION & CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

STATE OF SOLIDIFICATION & CRYSTAL STRUCTURE STATE OF SOLIDIFICATION & CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Chapter Outline Determination of crystal properties or properties of crystalline materials. Crystal Geometry! Crystal Directions! Linear Density of atoms! Crystal

More information

TEM Study of the Morphology Of GaN/SiC (0001) Grown at Various Temperatures by MBE

TEM Study of the Morphology Of GaN/SiC (0001) Grown at Various Temperatures by MBE TEM Study of the Morphology Of GaN/SiC (0001) Grown at Various Temperatures by MBE W.L. Sarney 1, L. Salamanca-Riba 1, V. Ramachandran 2, R.M Feenstra 2, D.W. Greve 3 1 Dept. of Materials & Nuclear Engineering,

More information

arxiv: v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] 8 Nov 2016

arxiv: v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] 8 Nov 2016 Directional Anisotropy of Crack Propagation Along Σ3 Grain Boundary in BCC Fe G. Sainath*, B.K. Choudhary** Deformation and Damage Modeling Section, Mechanical Metallurgy Division Indira Gandhi Centre

More information

EBSD Basics EBSD. Marco Cantoni 021/ Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique CIME. Phosphor Screen. Pole piece.

EBSD Basics EBSD. Marco Cantoni 021/ Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique CIME. Phosphor Screen. Pole piece. EBSD Marco Cantoni 021/693.48.16 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique CIME EBSD Basics Quantitative, general microstructural characterization in the SEM Orientation measurements, phase

More information

Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms. Introduction

Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms. Introduction Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms What is happening in material during plastic deformation? Dislocations and Plastic Deformation Motion of dislocations in response to stress Slip

More information

Chapter Outline How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids?

Chapter Outline How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids? Chapter Outline How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids? Fundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures Face-centered cubic Body-centered cubic Hexagonal close-packed Close packed

More information

TEM imaging and diffraction examples

TEM imaging and diffraction examples TEM imaging and diffraction examples Duncan Alexander EPFL-CIME 1 Diffraction examples Kikuchi diffraction Epitaxial relationships Polycrystalline samples Amorphous materials Contents Convergent beam electron

More information

Accurate determination of domain boundary orientation in LaNbO 4

Accurate determination of domain boundary orientation in LaNbO 4 Acta Materialia 53 (2005) 297 302 www.actamat-journals.com Accurate determination of domain boundary orientation in LaNbO 4 O. Prytz a, *, J. Tafto b a Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology,

More information

Specimen configuration

Specimen configuration APPLICATIONNOTE Model 1040 NanoMill TEM specimen preparation system Specimen configuration Preparing focused ion beam (FIB) milled specimens for submission to Fischione Instruments. The Model 1040 NanoMill

More information

Dislocations and Plastic Deformation

Dislocations and Plastic Deformation Dislocations and Plastic Deformation Edge and screw are the two fundamental dislocation types. In an edge dislocation, localized lattice distortion exists along the end of an extra half-plane of atoms,

More information

a. 50% fine pearlite, 12.5% bainite, 37.5% martensite. 590 C for 5 seconds, 350 C for 50 seconds, cool to room temperature.

a. 50% fine pearlite, 12.5% bainite, 37.5% martensite. 590 C for 5 seconds, 350 C for 50 seconds, cool to room temperature. Final Exam Wednesday, March 21, noon to 3:00 pm (160 points total) 1. TTT Diagrams A U.S. steel producer has four quench baths, used to quench plates of eutectoid steel to 700 C, 590 C, 350 C, and 22 C

More information

University of Pretoria Z Tang (2006) Chapter 8 Studies of acicular ferrite by thin foil TEM

University of Pretoria Z Tang (2006) Chapter 8 Studies of acicular ferrite by thin foil TEM 8.2 Two types of acicular ferrite 8.2.1 Structure with parallel laths There appeared to be two types of acicular ferrite laths that were observed in those alloys cooled with a rapid cooling rate of 47

More information

Two marks questions and answers. 1. what is a Crystal? (or) What are crystalline materials? Give examples

Two marks questions and answers. 1. what is a Crystal? (or) What are crystalline materials? Give examples UNIT V CRYSTAL PHYSICS PART-A Two marks questions and answers 1. what is a Crystal? (or) What are crystalline materials? Give examples Crystalline solids (or) Crystals are those in which the constituent

More information

Planar Defects in Materials. Planar Defects in Materials

Planar Defects in Materials. Planar Defects in Materials Classification of Defects in Solids: Planar defects: Stacking faults o {311} defects in Si o Inversion domain boundaries o Antiphase boundaries (e.g., super dislocations): analogous to partials but in

More information

UNIT V -CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

UNIT V -CRYSTAL STRUCTURE UNIT V -CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Solids are of two types: Amorphous and crystalline. In amorphous solids, there is no order in the arrangement of their constituent atoms (molecules). Hence no definite structure

More information

Thin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers

Thin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers Thin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers 6th Annual SSRL Workshop on Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Techniques in Materials and Environmental Sciences: Theory and Application May 29-31, 2012 Thin films. Epitaxial

More information

Deformation Twinning in Bulk Aluminum with Coarse Grains

Deformation Twinning in Bulk Aluminum with Coarse Grains Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Proceedings Alloys, of the September 12th International 5-9, 2010, Yokohama, Conference Japan on 2010 Aluminum The Japan Alloys, Institute

More information

Kinematical theory of contrast

Kinematical theory of contrast Kinematical theory of contrast Image interpretation in the EM the known distribution of the direct and/or diffracted beam on the lower surface of the crystal The image on the screen of an EM = the enlarged

More information

Review key concepts from last lecture (lattice + basis = unit cell) Bravais lattices Important crystal structures Intro to miller indices

Review key concepts from last lecture (lattice + basis = unit cell) Bravais lattices Important crystal structures Intro to miller indices Outline: Review key concepts from last lecture (lattice + basis = unit cell) Bravais lattices Important crystal structures Intro to miller indices Review (example with square lattice) Lattice: square,

More information

High Resolution X-ray Diffraction

High Resolution X-ray Diffraction High Resolution X-ray Diffraction Nina Heinig with data from Dr. Zhihao Donovan Chen, Panalytical and slides from Colorado State University Outline Watlab s new tool: Panalytical MRD system Techniques:

More information

Density Computations

Density Computations CHAPTER 3 THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS Fundamental Concepts 3.1 What is the difference between atomic structure and crystal structure? Unit Cells Metallic Crystal Structures 3.2 If the atomic radius

More information

Lectures on: Introduction to and fundamentals of discrete dislocations and dislocation dynamics. Theoretical concepts and computational methods

Lectures on: Introduction to and fundamentals of discrete dislocations and dislocation dynamics. Theoretical concepts and computational methods Lectures on: Introduction to and fundamentals of discrete dislocations and dislocation dynamics. Theoretical concepts and computational methods Hussein M. Zbib School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering

More information

The Twin and Twin System in FCT L1 0 -MnNi Phase in an Equiatomic Mn-Ni Alloy

The Twin and Twin System in FCT L1 0 -MnNi Phase in an Equiatomic Mn-Ni Alloy Materials Transactions, Vol. 48, No. 10 (2007) pp. 2546 to 2550 Special Issue on Advances in Electron Microscopy for Materials Characterization #2007 The Japan Institute of Metals The Twin and Twin System

More information

Atomic mechanism for dislocation emission from nanosized grain boundaries

Atomic mechanism for dislocation emission from nanosized grain boundaries PHYSICAL REVIEW B 66, 024101 2002 Atomic mechanism for dislocation emission from nanosized grain boundaries H. Van Swygenhoven, P. M. Derlet, and A. Hasnaoui Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, CH-5232,

More information

Measurement of Residual Stress by X-ray Diffraction

Measurement of Residual Stress by X-ray Diffraction Measurement of Residual Stress by X-ray Diffraction C-563 Overview Definitions Origin Methods of determination of residual stresses Method of X-ray diffraction (details) References End Stress and Strain

More information

Practical 2P8 Transmission Electron Microscopy

Practical 2P8 Transmission Electron Microscopy Practical 2P8 Transmission Electron Microscopy Originators: Dr. N.P. Young and Prof. J. M. Titchmarsh What you should learn from this practical Science This practical ties-in with the lecture course on

More information

The Change of Orientation Relationships Between Austenite and a 0 -Martensite During Deformation in High Manganese TRIP Steel

The Change of Orientation Relationships Between Austenite and a 0 -Martensite During Deformation in High Manganese TRIP Steel Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), 2015, 28(3), 289 294 DOI 10.1007/s40195-014-0195-3 The Change of Orientation Relationships Between Austenite and a 0 -Martensite During Deformation in High Manganese TRIP

More information

Crystallographic Orientation Relationship between Discontinuous Precipitates and Matrix in Commercial AZ91 Mg Alloy

Crystallographic Orientation Relationship between Discontinuous Precipitates and Matrix in Commercial AZ91 Mg Alloy Materials Transactions, Vol. 52, No. 3 (2011) pp. 340 to 344 Special Issue on New Trends for Micro- and Nano Analyses by Transmission Electron Microscopy #2011 The Japan Institute of Metals Crystallographic

More information

EBSD Electron BackScatter Diffraction Principle and Applications

EBSD Electron BackScatter Diffraction Principle and Applications EBSD Electron BackScatter Diffraction Principle and Applications Dr. Emmanuelle Boehm-Courjault EPFL STI IMX Laboratoire de Simulation des Matériaux LSMX emmanuelle.boehm@epfl.ch 1 Outline! Introduction!

More information

The local atomic packing of a single-component glass is quasi-crystalline

The local atomic packing of a single-component glass is quasi-crystalline The local atomic packing of a single-component glass is quasi-crystalline Farid F. Abraham IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose, CA *Contact Address 865 Paullus Drive Hollister CA 95023 fadlow@outlook.com

More information

Nano-structures at martensite macrotwin interfaces in Ni 65 Al 35

Nano-structures at martensite macrotwin interfaces in Ni 65 Al 35 Acta Materialia 51 (2003) 1421 1436 www.actamat-journals.com Nano-structures at martensite macrotwin interfaces in Ni 65 Al 35 Ph. Boullay a,1, D. Schryvers a,, J.M. Ball b a EMAT, University of Antwerp,

More information

Disordered Precipitates in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Ag Alloy

Disordered Precipitates in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Ag Alloy Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, September 5-9, 2010, Yokohama, Japan 2010 The Japan Institute of Light Metals Disordered Precipitates in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Ag Alloy C.

More information

Engineering 45: Properties of Materials Final Exam May 9, 2012 Name: Student ID number:

Engineering 45: Properties of Materials Final Exam May 9, 2012 Name: Student ID number: Engineering 45: Properties of Materials Final Exam May 9, 2012 Name: Student ID number: Instructions: Answer all questions and show your work. You will not receive partial credit unless you show your work.

More information

Basic Solid State Chemistry, 2 nd ed. West, A. R.

Basic Solid State Chemistry, 2 nd ed. West, A. R. Basic Solid State Chemistry, 2 nd ed. West, A. R. Chapter 1 Crystal Structures Many of the properties and applications of crystalline inorganic materials revolve around a small number of structure types

More information

Diffraction Basics. The qualitative basics:

Diffraction Basics. The qualitative basics: The qualitative basics: Diffraction Basics Coherent scattering around atomic scattering centers occurs when x-rays interact with material In materials with a crystalline structure, x-rays scattered in

More information

Packing of atoms in solids

Packing of atoms in solids MME131: Lecture 6 Packing of atoms in solids A. K. M. B. Rashid Professor, Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s topics Atomic arrangements in solids Points, directions and planes in unit cell References:

More information

Conventional TEM. N o r t h w e s t e r n U n i v e r s i t y - M a t e r i a l s S c i e n c e

Conventional TEM. N o r t h w e s t e r n U n i v e r s i t y - M a t e r i a l s S c i e n c e Conventional TEM STEM N o r t h w e s t e r n U n i v e r s i t y - M a t e r i a l s S c i e n c e Reciprocity 1 1 C CCCCCCCC(2ππππππ. rr) CCCCCC(2ππππππ. rr) Reciprocity 2 1 C+D CC(gg)CCCCCC(2ππππππ.

More information

Simulation of Hydrogen Embrittlement at Crack Tip in Nickel Single Crystal by Embedded Atom Method

Simulation of Hydrogen Embrittlement at Crack Tip in Nickel Single Crystal by Embedded Atom Method Materials Transactions, Vol. 42, No. 11 (2001) pp. 2283 to 2289 Special Issue on Advances in Computational Materials Science and Engineering II c 2001 The Japan Institute of Metals Simulation of Hydrogen

More information

Introduction to Electron Backscattered Diffraction. TEQIP Workshop HREXRD Feb 1 st to Feb 5 th 2016

Introduction to Electron Backscattered Diffraction. TEQIP Workshop HREXRD Feb 1 st to Feb 5 th 2016 Introduction to Electron Backscattered Diffraction 1 TEQIP Workshop HREXRD Feb 1 st to Feb 5 th 2016 SE vs BSE 2 Ranges and interaction volumes 3 (1-2 m) http://www4.nau.edu/microanalysis/microprobe/interact-effects.html

More information

Advanced TEM Investigations on Ni-Ti Shape Memory Material: Strain and Concentration Gradients Surrounding Ni 4 Ti 3 Precipitates

Advanced TEM Investigations on Ni-Ti Shape Memory Material: Strain and Concentration Gradients Surrounding Ni 4 Ti 3 Precipitates Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 842 2005 Materials Research Society S3.6.1 Advanced TEM Investigations on Ni-Ti Shape Memory Material: Strain and Concentration Gradients Surrounding Ni 4 Ti 3 Precipitates

More information

Torsional properties of bamboo-like structured Cu nanowires. Haifei Zhan and Yuantong Gu *

Torsional properties of bamboo-like structured Cu nanowires. Haifei Zhan and Yuantong Gu * Torsional properties of bamboo-like structured Cu nanowires Haifei Zhan and Yuantong Gu * School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001,

More information

Electron microscopy II

Electron microscopy II Electron microscopy II Nanomaterials characterization I RNDr. Věra Vodičková, PhD. Interaction ction: electrons solid matter Signal types SE.secondary e - AE Auger s e - BSE back scattered e - X-ray photons,

More information

Module-6. Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms

Module-6. Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms Module-6 Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms Contents 1) Dislocations & Plastic deformation and Mechanisms of plastic deformation in metals 2) Strengthening mechanisms in metals 3) Recovery, Recrystallization

More information

6.8 Magnetic in-plane anisotropy of epitaxially grown Fe-films on vicinal Ag(001) and Au(001) with different miscut orientations

6.8 Magnetic in-plane anisotropy of epitaxially grown Fe-films on vicinal Ag(001) and Au(001) with different miscut orientations C. Epitaxial Growth 6.8 Magnetic in-plane anisotropy of epitaxially grown Fe-films on vicinal Ag(001) and Au(001) with different miscut orientations M. Rickart, A.R. Frank, J. Jorzick, Ch. Krämer, S.O.

More information

Geometric and Crystallographic Characterization of WC Surfaces and Grain. Boundaries in WC-Co Composites

Geometric and Crystallographic Characterization of WC Surfaces and Grain. Boundaries in WC-Co Composites Geometric and Crystallographic Characterization of WC Surfaces and Grain Boundaries in WC-Co Composites Chang-Soo Kim and Gregory S. Rohrer Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon

More information

Non-crystalline Materials

Non-crystalline Materials Noncrystalline (or amorphous) solids by definition means atoms are stacked in irregular, random patterns. The general term for non-crystallline solids with compositions comparable to those of crystalline

More information

Numerical simulation of deformation and fracture in low-carbon steel coated by diffusion borating

Numerical simulation of deformation and fracture in low-carbon steel coated by diffusion borating Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 41 (2004) 9 14 www.elsevier.com/locate/tafmec Numerical simulation of deformation and fracture in low-carbon steel coated by diffusion borating R.R. Balokhonov

More information

Evolution of texture in an ultrafine and nano grained magnesium alloy

Evolution of texture in an ultrafine and nano grained magnesium alloy Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials Vol.48, No.1, June 2015, pp.11-16 Evolution of texture in an ultrafine and nano grained magnesium alloy S.M. Fatemi 1* and Abbas Zarei-Hanzki 2

More information

Texture inheritance in thin film growth of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4

Texture inheritance in thin film growth of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Texture inheritance in thin film growth of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 A. Weber *, S. Schmidt, D. Abou-Ras, P. Schubert-Bischoff, I. Denks, R. Mainz, H.W. Schock Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie,

More information

Single Crystal Growth of Aluminum Nitride

Single Crystal Growth of Aluminum Nitride Single Crystal Growth of Aluminum Nitride Hiroyuki Kamata 1, Yuu Ishii 2, Toshiaki Mabuchi 3, Kunihiro Naoe 1, Shoji Ajimura 4, Kazuo Sanada 5 Single crystalline aluminum nitride (AlN) is a promising material

More information

3D grain structures from X-ray diffraction contrast tomography

3D grain structures from X-ray diffraction contrast tomography 3D grain structures from X-ray diffraction contrast tomography W. Ludwig 1,2, A. King 2,3, G. Johnson 2,3, P. Reischig 2, S. Rolland 2, M. Herbig 1, E.M. Lauridsen 4 1 MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, France 2 ESRF,

More information

Learning Objectives. Chapter Outline. Solidification of Metals. Solidification of Metals

Learning Objectives. Chapter Outline. Solidification of Metals. Solidification of Metals Learning Objectives Study the principles of solidification as they apply to pure metals. Examine the mechanisms by which solidification occurs. - Chapter Outline Importance of Solidification Nucleation

More information

Fundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures! Face-centered cubic! Body-centered cubic! Hexagonal close-packed Close packed

Fundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures! Face-centered cubic! Body-centered cubic! Hexagonal close-packed Close packed Fundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures! Face-centered cubic! Body-centered cubic! Hexagonal close-packed Close packed crystal structures Density computations Crystal structure

More information

Co-Evolution of Stress and Structure During Growth of Polycrystalline Thin Films

Co-Evolution of Stress and Structure During Growth of Polycrystalline Thin Films Co-Evolution of Stress and Structure During Growth of Polycrystalline Thin Films Carl V. Thompson and Hang Z. Yu* Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA Effects of intrinsic

More information

ii: A Young s modulus of 1 GPa is a reasonable value for a bulk TRUE FALSE polymeric material.

ii: A Young s modulus of 1 GPa is a reasonable value for a bulk TRUE FALSE polymeric material. (10) 1. True and False Circle either TRUE or FALSE i: The equilibrium separation distance, r 0, is the distance at which TRUE FALSE the potential energ between atoms (or ions) is ero. r 0 is the distance

More information

Thin Film Characterizations Using XRD The Cases of VO2 and NbTiN

Thin Film Characterizations Using XRD The Cases of VO2 and NbTiN Thin Film Characterizations Using XRD The Cases of VO2 and NbTiN A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Arts / Science in Physics from The College of

More information

Symmetry in crystalline solids.

Symmetry in crystalline solids. Symmetry in crystalline solids. Translation symmetry n 1,n 2,n 3 are integer numbers 1 Unitary or primitive cells 2D 3D Red, green and cyano depict all primitive (unitary) cells, whereas blue cell is not

More information

Point Defects. Vacancies are the most important form. Vacancies Self-interstitials

Point Defects. Vacancies are the most important form. Vacancies Self-interstitials Grain Boundaries 1 Point Defects 2 Point Defects A Point Defect is a crystalline defect associated with one or, at most, several atomic sites. These are defects at a single atom position. Vacancies Self-interstitials

More information

Growth of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 Films with [110] Tilt of CuO Planes to Surface on SrTiO 3 Crystals

Growth of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 Films with [110] Tilt of CuO Planes to Surface on SrTiO 3 Crystals ISSN 163-7745, Crystallography Reports, 213, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 488 492. Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 213. Original Russian Text E.A. Stepantsov, F. Lombardi, D. Winkler, 213, published in Kristallografiya,

More information

Steps in solving a structure. Diffraction experiment. Obtaining well-diffracting crystals. Three dimensional crystals

Steps in solving a structure. Diffraction experiment. Obtaining well-diffracting crystals. Three dimensional crystals Protein structure from X-ray diffraction Diffraction images: ciprocal space Protein, chemical structure: IALEFGPSLKMNE Conformation, 3D-structure: CRYST1 221.200 73.600 80.900 90.00 90.00 90.00 P 21 21

More information

Cu Segregation around Metastable Phase in Al-Mg-Si Alloy with Cu

Cu Segregation around Metastable Phase in Al-Mg-Si Alloy with Cu Materials Transactions, Vol. 48, No. 5 (2007) pp. 967 to 974 Special Issue on New Developments and Analysis for Fabrication of Functional Nanostructures #2007 The Japan Institute of Metals Cu Segregation

More information

Energy and Packing. Materials and Packing

Energy and Packing. Materials and Packing Energy and Packing Non dense, random packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r Dense, regular packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r

More information

Interfacial reaction mechanisms and the structure of moving heterophase boundaries during pyrochlore- and spinel-forming solid state reactions

Interfacial reaction mechanisms and the structure of moving heterophase boundaries during pyrochlore- and spinel-forming solid state reactions Dietrich Hesse, Stephan Senz Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Halle (Saale), Germany Interfacial reaction mechanisms and the structure of moving heterophase boundaries during pyrochlore- and

More information

Module 31. Heat treatment of steel I. Lecture 31. Heat treatment of steel I

Module 31. Heat treatment of steel I. Lecture 31. Heat treatment of steel I Module 31 Heat treatment of steel I Lecture 31 Heat treatment of steel I 1 Keywords : Transformation characteristics of eutectoid steel, isothermal diagram, microstructures of pearlite, bainite and martensite,

More information

The typical manners of dynamic crack propagation along the. metal/ceramics interfaces: A molecular dynamics study

The typical manners of dynamic crack propagation along the. metal/ceramics interfaces: A molecular dynamics study The typical manners of dynamic crack propagation along the metal/ceramics interfaces: A molecular dynamics study Yanguang Zhou 1, Zhenyu Yang 1*, Tao Wang 2, Dayong Hu 3, Xiaobing Ma 4 1 Institute of Solid

More information

CRYSTAL GEOMETRY. An Introduction to the theory of lattice transformation in metallic materials with Matlab applications. 8 courses of 2 hours

CRYSTAL GEOMETRY. An Introduction to the theory of lattice transformation in metallic materials with Matlab applications. 8 courses of 2 hours CRYSTAL GEOMETRY An Introduction to the theory of lattice transformation in metallic materials with Matlab applications Français Cours 0 : lundi 4 décembre 9h30-11h30 Cours 1 : vendredi 8 décembre 9h30-11h30

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NNANO.2012.116 Deformation Mechanisms in nanotwinned metal nanopillars Dongchan Jang, Xiaoyan Li, Huajian Gao, and Julia R. Greer This file includes: Supplementary

More information

Master examination. Metallic Materials

Master examination. Metallic Materials Master examination Metallic Materials 01.03.2016 Name: Matriculation number: Signature: Task Points: Points achieved: 1 13 2 4 3 3 4 6 5 6 6 3 7 4 8 9 9 6 10 9.5 11 8 12 8 13 10.5 14 4 15 6 Sum 100 Points

More information

SiC nanorods prepared from SiO and activated carbon

SiC nanorods prepared from SiO and activated carbon JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 37 (2002)2023 2029 SiC nanorods prepared from SiO and activated carbon Y. H. GAO, Y. BANDO, K. KURASHIMA, T. SATO Advanced Materials Laboratory and Nanomaterials Laboratory,

More information

Recrystallization Theoretical & Practical Aspects

Recrystallization Theoretical & Practical Aspects Theoretical & Practical Aspects 27-301, Microstructure & Properties I Fall 2006 Supplemental Lecture A.D. Rollett, M. De Graef Materials Science & Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 1 Objectives The

More information

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Prof.Dr.Figen KAYA

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Prof.Dr.Figen KAYA Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Prof.Dr.Figen KAYA Transmission Electron Microscope A transmission electron microscope, similar to a transmission light microscope, has the following components along

More information

Dislocations in Materials. Dislocations in Materials

Dislocations in Materials. Dislocations in Materials Pose the following case scenario: Consider a block of crystalline material on which forces are applied. Top Force (111) parallel with top surface Bottom Force Sum Sum of of the the applied forces give

More information

Supplementary Figure S1 Crystal structure of the conducting filaments in sputtered SiO 2

Supplementary Figure S1 Crystal structure of the conducting filaments in sputtered SiO 2 Supplementary Figure S1 Crystal structure of the conducting filaments in sputtered SiO 2 based devices. (a) TEM image of the conducting filament in a SiO 2 based memory device used for SAED analysis. (b)

More information

Structure Analysis of -phase in Sb-Te Alloys by HRTEM* 1

Structure Analysis of -phase in Sb-Te Alloys by HRTEM* 1 Materials Transactions, Vol. 45, No. 8 (2004) pp. 2673 to 2677 #2004 The Japan Institute of Metals Structure Analysis of -phase in Sb-Te Alloys by HRTEM* 1 Yoshiyuki Nakata 1, Takehito Suenaga 1; * 2,

More information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information Supporting Information Wiley-VCH 2007 69451 Weinheim, Germany Chemical Sharpening of Gold Nanorods: The Rod-to-Octahedron Transition Enrique Carbó-Argibay, Benito Rodríguez-González, Jessica Pacifico,

More information

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties Mechanical Properties Elastic deformation Plastic deformation Fracture II. Stable Plastic Deformation S s y For a typical ductile metal: I. Elastic deformation II. Stable plastic deformation III. Unstable

More information

Bio5325 Fall Crystal Vocabulary

Bio5325 Fall Crystal Vocabulary Crystals and Crystallization Bio5325 Fall 2007 Crystal Vocabulary Mosaicity (mosaic spread) Protein crystals are imperfect, consisting of a mosaic of domains that are slightly misaligned. As a result,

More information

Engineering Materials Department of Physics K L University

Engineering Materials Department of Physics K L University Engineering Materials Department of Physics K L University 1 Crystallography Bonding in solids Many of the physical properties of materials are predicated on a knowledge of the inter-atomic forces that

More information

Oriented attachment and growth, twinning, polytypism, and formation of metastable phases: Insights from nanocrystalline TiO 2

Oriented attachment and growth, twinning, polytypism, and formation of metastable phases: Insights from nanocrystalline TiO 2 American Mineralogist, Volume 83, pages 1077 1082, 1998 Oriented attachment and growth, twinning, polytypism, and formation of metastable phases: Insights from nanocrystalline TiO 2 R. LEE PENN 1 AND JILLIAN

More information

Principles & Practice of Electron Diffraction

Principles & Practice of Electron Diffraction Principles & Practice of Electron Diffraction Duncan Alexander EPFL-CIME 1 Contents Introduction to electron diffraction Elastic scattering theory Basic crystallography & symmetry Electron diffraction

More information

An Investigation of the Effect of Anisotropy on the Thermomechanical Behavior of Textured Nickel/Titanium Shape Memory Alloys

An Investigation of the Effect of Anisotropy on the Thermomechanical Behavior of Textured Nickel/Titanium Shape Memory Alloys An Investigation of the Effect of Anisotropy on the Thermomechanical Behavior of Textured Nickel/Titanium Shape Memory Alloys Anthony Wheeler Advisor: Dr. Atef Saleeb Honors research Project Abstract The

More information

TENSION/COMPRESSION ASYMMETRY IN CREEP BEHAVIOR OF A Ni-BASED SUPERALLOY

TENSION/COMPRESSION ASYMMETRY IN CREEP BEHAVIOR OF A Ni-BASED SUPERALLOY Pergamon Scripta Materialia, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 461 465, 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd Copyright 1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved. 1359-6462/99/$ see front matter PII S1359-6462(99)00191-8

More information

Computer Simulation of Nanoparticle Aggregate Fracture

Computer Simulation of Nanoparticle Aggregate Fracture Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1056 2008 Materials Research Society 1056-HH08-45 Computer Simulation of Nanoparticle Aggregate Fracture Takumi Hawa 1,2, Brian Henz 3, and Michael Zachariah 1,2 1 National

More information

8. Epitaxy. - Extended single-crystal film formation on top of a crystalline substrate

8. Epitaxy. - Extended single-crystal film formation on top of a crystalline substrate 8. Epitaxy 1. Introduction επι(epi placed or resting upon) ταξιζ(taxis arrangement) - Extended single-crystal film formation on top of a crystalline substrate - Homoepitaxy : Film and substrate are the

More information

Imaging with Diffraction Contrast

Imaging with Diffraction Contrast Imaging with Diffraction Contrast Duncan Alexander EPFL-CIME 1 Introduction When you study crystalline samples TEM image contrast is dominated by diffraction contrast. An objective aperture to select either

More information

Plastic deformation mechanisms in nanocrystalline columnar grain structures

Plastic deformation mechanisms in nanocrystalline columnar grain structures Plastic deformation mechanisms in nanocrystalline columnar grain structures Diana Farkas a and William A. Curtin b a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061,

More information

Supplementary information. Guided fracture of films on soft substrates to create micro/nano-feature. arrays with controlled periodicity

Supplementary information. Guided fracture of films on soft substrates to create micro/nano-feature. arrays with controlled periodicity Supplementary information Guided fracture of films on soft substrates to create micro/nano-feature arrays with controlled periodicity Byoung Choul Kim 1,2, Toshiki Matsuoka 1, Christopher Moraes 1, Jiexi

More information

Chapter Outline: Failure

Chapter Outline: Failure Chapter Outline: Failure How do Materials Break? Ductile vs. brittle fracture Principles of fracture mechanics Stress concentration Impact fracture testing Fatigue (cyclic stresses) Cyclic stresses, the

More information

Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 3: The Structure of Crystalline Solids. Dr. Coates

Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 3: The Structure of Crystalline Solids. Dr. Coates Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 3: The Structure of Crystalline Solids Dr. Coates Learning Objectives I 1. Describe difference in atomic/molecular structure between crystalline/noncrystalline

More information

Online publication date: 12 May 2010

Online publication date: 12 May 2010 This article was downloaded by: [Los Alamos National Laboratory] On: 15 June 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 918146894] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England

More information

Complex structure of carbon nanotubes and their implications for formation mechanism

Complex structure of carbon nanotubes and their implications for formation mechanism JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 93, NUMBER 12 15 JUNE 2003 Complex structure of carbon nanotubes and their implications for formation mechanism Dan Zhou Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace

More information

Combination and Interface Structure of 9R Martensite Plate Variants in Ti 50.0 Pd 43.0 Fe 7.0 Shape Memory Alloy

Combination and Interface Structure of 9R Martensite Plate Variants in Ti 50.0 Pd 43.0 Fe 7.0 Shape Memory Alloy Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 5 (2002) pp. 902 to 907 Special Issue of Smart Materials-Fundamentals and Applications c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals Combination and Interface Structure of 9R

More information

Diffraction: Powder Method

Diffraction: Powder Method Diffraction: Powder Method Diffraction Methods Diffraction can occur whenever Bragg s law λ = d sin θ is satisfied. With monochromatic x-rays and arbitrary setting of a single crystal in a beam generally

More information

Single-Crystal Plasticity

Single-Crystal Plasticity Single-Crystal Plasticity Eric M. Taleff, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Austin, TX 78712 October 10, 2005 Single-Crystal Plasticity p.1 Schmid Factor [uvw] σ applied λ θ (hkl) The relationship

More information

Tuned Chemical Bonding Ability of Au at Grain Boundaries for

Tuned Chemical Bonding Ability of Au at Grain Boundaries for Supporting Information Tuned Chemical Bonding Ability of Au at Grain Boundaries for Enhanced Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Kang-Sahn Kim 1, Won June Kim 1, Hyung-Kyu Lim 2, Eok Kyun Lee 1,*, and Hyungjun

More information

What if your diffractometer aligned itself?

What if your diffractometer aligned itself? Ultima IV Perhaps the greatest challenge facing X-ray diffractometer users today is how to minimize time and effort spent on reconfiguring of the system for different applications. Wade Adams, Ph.D., Director,

More information

Excess Volume at Grain Boundaries in hcp Metals

Excess Volume at Grain Boundaries in hcp Metals Excess Volume at Grain Boundaries in hcp Metals J. L. Cao and W. T. Geng * School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China Abstract The excess

More information