X-RAY DIFFRACTIO N B. E. WARREN
|
|
- Jayson Hicks
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 X-RAY DIFFRACTIO N B. E. WARREN
2
3 Chapter 1 X-Ray Scattering by Atom s 1.1 Classical scattering by a free electron Polarization by scattering Scattering from several centers, complex representation Scattering by an atom 7 Chapter 2 Crystal Axes and the Reciprocal Lattic e 2.1 Crystal axes The crystallographic planes hkl Reciprocal vectors and the reciprocal lattice The sphere of reflection Spacing formulae The 14 Bravais lattices Transforming axes and indices 2 4 Chapter 3 Diffraction by a Small Crystal 3.1 Intensity from a small crystal The 3 Laue equations Structure factor for a Bragg reflection Effect of temperature vibration on the intensity from a small crystal 3 5 Chapter 4 The Integrated Intensit y 4.1 Integrated intensity from a small single crystal The extended face imperfect crystal The integrated intensity for a powder sample 4 7 Chapter 5 The Powder Method 5.1 Powder patterns by film recording Diffractometer recording of power patterns Analysis of a cubic powder pattern by diffractomete r recording Analysis of a hexagonal powder pattern 62
4 5.5 Analysis of orthorhombic powder patterns Precision axial length measurements 6 7 Chapter 6 The Laue Method 6.1 The transmission Laue pattern The back reflection Laue pattern 7 7 Chapter 7 The Rotation Method 7.1 The simple rotation pattern Indexing of rotation patterns The Weissenberg pattern Fiber diagrams as rotation patterns 92 Chapter 8 The Use of Space Groups in Structure Determinatio n 8.1 The space group Cmcm Space group methods applied to Uranium 100 Chapter 9 Fourier Series Methods in Structure Determinations 9.1 Representation by Fourier series Fourier series representation of the electron density The Patterson function 11 2 Chapter 10 Scattering by Noncrystalline Forms of Matter 10.1 The general scattering equation for a random orientation Gas of polyatomic molecules Application to a crystalline powder Liquid or amorphous solid with one kind of atom Application to a simple liquid Convergence factor and termination errors Fourier inversion with the Beevers-Lipson strips Approximate method for sample with more than one kin d of atom Exact method for an amorphous sample with more tha n one kind of atom 135
5 10.10 Amorphous scattering from a flat-faced diffractometer sample Multiple scattering from amorphous samples 14 5 Chapter 11 The Effect of Temperature Vibration on X-Ray Diffraction 11.1 Introduction Long wavelength elastic waves in a cubic crystal Restrictions due to the lattice nature and finite size of the sample Intensity from a cubic crystal with one atom per cell The first-order temperature diffuse scattering The second-order temperature diffuse scattering The measurement of temperature diffuse scattering Interpretation of temperature diffuse scattering measurements Determination of the interatomic force constants fro m temperature scattering Evaluation of 2M Temperature diffuse scattering for cubic powder patterns Existence of an inversion temperature for the diffus e scattering 20 1 Chapter 12 X-Ray Studies of Order-Disorder 12.1 Introduction Long-range order in binary compositions Antiphase domains Short-range order diffuse intensity Effect of temperature vibration on short-range orde r intensities Size effect in disordered binary compositions Experimental measurements of short-range order intensity 24 5 Chapter 13 Diffraction by Imperfect Crystals 13.1 Particle size broadening Corrections for instrumental broadening Powder pattern power theorem Small coherent domains and strains 264
6 13.5 Effects of deformation and twin faulting in FCC metals Effects of deformation and twin faulting in HCP metals Effect of deformation and twin faults in BCC metals General remarks 31 2 Chapter 14 Perfect Crystal Theory 14.1 Introduction The Darwin treatment for Bragg reflection Bragg reflection for a thick crystal with negligible absorption Width of a Bragg reflection Extinction Bragg reflection when the reflecting power is small Bragg reflection with absorption The symmetrical Laue case and the Borrmann effect Asymmetric Bragg reflection 34 8 Appendix I The Kinematical Integrated Intensity By Fresnel Diffraction 35 9 Appendix II Wavelengths (in Angstroms) of Som e Characteristic Emission Lines and Absorption Edges Appendix III Mass Absorption Coefficients p m of the Elements (Z = 1 to 83) For a Selection of Wavelengths 36 6 Appendix IV Atomic Scattering Factors 36 9 Appendix V Dispersion Corrections fo r Atomic Scattering Factors 37 2 Appendix VI Compton-Scattering Intensities 1;,,,/R wit h Exchange Terms Based on Hartree-Fock Wave Functions 37 4 Index 377
X-Ray Diffraction by Macromolecules
N. Kasai M. Kakudo X-Ray Diffraction by Macromolecules With 351 Figures and 56 Tables Kodansha ~Springer ... Contents Preface v Part I Fundamental 1. Essential Properties of X-Rays................. 3 1.1
More informationFundamentals of Crystalline State and Crystal Lattice p. 1 Crystalline State p. 2 Crystal Lattice and Unit Cell p. 4 Shape of the Unit Cell p.
Fundamentals of Crystalline State and Crystal Lattice p. 1 Crystalline State p. 2 Crystal Lattice and Unit Cell p. 4 Shape of the Unit Cell p. 7 Crystallographic Planes, Directions, and Indices p. 8 Crystallographic
More informationFundamentals of Crystalline State p. 1 Introduction p. 1 Crystalline state p. 2 Crystal lattice and crystal structure p. 4 Shape of the unit cell p.
Preface p. xvii Fundamentals of Crystalline State p. 1 Introduction p. 1 Crystalline state p. 2 Crystal lattice and crystal structure p. 4 Shape of the unit cell p. 6 Content of the unit cell p. 7 Asymmetric
More informationMicrostructural Characterization of Materials
Microstructural Characterization of Materials 2nd Edition DAVID BRANDON AND WAYNE D. KAPLAN Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Contents Preface to the Second Edition
More informationTEM and Electron Diffraction Keith Leonard, PhD (1999) U. Cincinnati
TEM and Electron Diffraction Keith Leonard, PhD (1999) U. Cincinnati Electron Microscopes: Electron microscopes, such as the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM)
More informationDiffraction Basics. The qualitative basics:
The qualitative basics: Diffraction Basics Coherent scattering around atomic scattering centers occurs when x-rays interact with material In materials with a crystalline structure, x-rays scattered in
More informationFundamentals of X-ray diffraction and scattering
Fundamentals of X-ray diffraction and scattering Don Savage dsavage@wisc.edu 1231 Engineering Research Building (608) 263-0831 X-ray diffraction and X-ray scattering Involves the elastic scattering of
More informationPowder X-ray Diffraction
Powder X-ray Diffraction The construction of a simple powder diffractometer was first described by Hull in 1917 1 which was shortly after the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in1895 2. Diffractometer
More informationWorkshop RIETVELD REFINEMENT OF DIFFRACTION PATTERNS Program Monday June 1st, Introduction to Rietveld refinement S.
Workshop RIETVELD REFINEMENT OF DIFFRACTION PATTERNS Program Monday June 1st, 2009 9.00 13.00 Introduction to Rietveld refinement S.Enzo Università di Sassari X-ray diffraction for bulk samples and thin
More information9/28/2013 9:26 PM. Chapter 3. The structure of crystalline solids. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba, PE
Chapter 3 The structure of crystalline solids 1 2 Why study the structure of crystalline solids? Properties of some materials are directly related to their crystal structure. Significant property differences
More informationSingle crystal X-ray diffraction. Zsolt Kovács
Single crystal X-ray diffraction Zsolt Kovács based on the Hungarian version of the Laue lab description which was written by Levente Balogh, Jenő Gubicza and Lehel Zsoldos INTRODUCTION X-ray diffraction
More information11.3 The analysis of electron diffraction patterns
11.3 The analysis of electron diffraction patterns 277 diameter) Ewald reflecting sphere, the extension of the reciprocal lattice nodes and the slight buckling of the thin foil specimens all of which serve
More informationAtomic Densities. Linear Density Number of atoms per length whose centers lie on the direction vector for a specific crystallographic direction.
Atomic Densities Linear Density Number of atoms per length whose centers lie on the direction vector for a specific crystallographic direction. Planar Density Number of atoms per unit area that are centered
More informationElectron Microscopy. Dynamical scattering
Electron Microscopy 4. TEM Basics: interactions, basic modes, sample preparation, Diffraction: elastic scattering theory, reciprocal space, diffraction pattern, Laue zones Diffraction phenomena Image formation:
More informationLECTURE 7. Dr. Teresa D. Golden University of North Texas Department of Chemistry
LECTURE 7 Dr. Teresa D. Golden University of North Texas Department of Chemistry Diffraction Methods Powder Method For powders, the crystal is reduced to a very fine powder or microscopic grains. The sample,
More informationChapter 12 The Solid State The Structure of Metals and Alloys
Chapter 12 The Solid State The Structure of Metals and Alloys The Solid State Crystalline solid a solid made of an ordered array of atoms, ion, or molecules Amorphous solids a solid that lacks long-range
More information9/29/2014 8:52 PM. Chapter 3. The structure of crystalline solids. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba, PE
1 Chapter 3 The structure of crystalline solids 2 Home Work Assignments HW 1 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 29, 34, 39, 44, 48, 53, 58, 63 Due Sunday 12/10/2014 Quiz # 1 will be held on Monday 13/10/2014 at 11:00 am
More informationStructure of silica glasses (Chapter 12)
Questions and Problems 97 Glass Ceramics (Structure) heat-treated so as to become crystalline in nature. The following concept map notes this relationship: Structure of noncrystalline solids (Chapter 3)
More informationINTERPRETATION OF TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROGRAPHS
3 INTERPRETATION OF TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROGRAPHS Already published in this series 1. The Operation and Calibration of the Electron Microscope 2. Electron Diffraction in the Electron Microscope In
More informationAtomic Densities. Linear Density. Planar Density. Linear Density. Outline: Planar Density
Atomic Densities Outline: Atomic Densities - Linear Density - Planar Density Single- vs poly- crystalline materials X-ray Diffraction Example Polymorphism and Allotropy Linear Density Number of atoms per
More informationX-Ray Diffraction. Nicola Pinna
X-Ray Diffraction Nicola Pinna Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University
More information9/16/ :30 PM. Chapter 3. The structure of crystalline solids. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
Chapter 3 The structure of crystalline solids 1 Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE 2 Home Work Assignments HW 1 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 29, 34, 39, 44, 48, 53, 58, 63 Due Sunday 17/9/2015 3 Why study the structure
More informationSECTION A. NATURAL SCIENCES TRIPOS Part IA. Friday 4 June to 4.30 MATERIALS AND MINERAL SCIENCES
NATURAL SCIENCES TRIPOS Part IA Friday 4 June 1999 1.30 to 4.30 MATERIALS AND MINERAL SCIENCES Answer five questions; two from each of sections A and B and one from section C. Begin each answer at the
More informationIdentification of Crystal Structure and Lattice Parameter. for Metal Powders Using X-ray Diffraction. Eman Mousa Alhajji
Identification of Crystal Structure and Lattice Parameter for Metal Powders Using X-ray Diffraction Eman Mousa Alhajji North Carolina State University Department of Materials Science and Engineering MSE
More informationX-RAY DIFFRACTION. X- Ray Sources Diffraction: Bragg s Law Crystal Structure Determination
X-RAY DIFFRACTION X- Ray Sources Diffraction: Bragg s Law Crystal Structure Determination Part of MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING A Learner s Guide AN INTRODUCTORY E-BOOK Anandh Subramaniam & Kantesh Balani
More informationChapter 3 Structure of Crystalline Solids
Chapter 3 Structure of Crystalline Solids Crystal Structures Points, Directions, and Planes Linear and Planar Densities X-ray Diffraction How do atoms assemble into solid structures? (for now, focus on
More informationFigure.1. The conventional unit cells (thick black outline) of the 14 Bravais lattices. [crystallographic symmetry] 1
[crystallographic symmetry] The crystallographic space groups. Supplementary to { 9.6:324} In the 3-D space there are 7 crystal systems that satisfy the point (e.g., rotation, reflection and inversion)
More informationBasics of XRD part I. 1 KIT 10/31/17. Name of Institute, Faculty, Department. The Research University in the Helmholtz Association
Basics of XRD part I Dr. Peter G. Weidler Institute of Functional Interfaces IFG 1 KIT 10/31/17 The Research University in the Helmholtz Association Name of Institute, Faculty, Department www.kit.edu Overview
More informationIt is instructive however for you to do a simple structure by hand. Rocksalt Structure. Quite common in nature. KCl, NaCl, MgO
Today the structure determinations etc are all computer -assisted It is instructive however for you to do a simple structure by hand Rocksalt Structure Quite common in nature KCl, NaCl, MgO 9-1 Typical
More informationThe Structure of Materials
The Structure of Materials Samuel M. Allen Edwin L. Thomas Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts / John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto
More informationSignals from a thin sample
Signals from a thin sample Auger electrons Backscattered electrons BSE Incident beam secondary electrons SE Characteristic X-rays visible light 1-100 nm absorbed electrons Specimen electron-hole pairs
More informationKey crystallographic concepts: Theory of diffraction. (Crystallography y without tears, Part 1)
Protein Crystallography (3) Key crystallographic concepts: Theory of diffraction. (Crystallography y without tears, Part 1) Cele Abad-Zapatero University of Illinois at Chicago Center for Pharmaceutical
More informationStructure factors and crystal stacking
Structure factors and crystal stacking Duncan Alexander EPFL-CIME 1 Contents Atomic scattering theory Crystal structure factors Close packed structures Systematic absences Twinning and stacking faults
More informationCRYSTAL LATTICE. Defining lattice: Mathematical construct; ideally infinite arrangement of points in space.
CRYSTAL LATTICE How to form a crystal? 1. Define the structure of the lattice 2. Define the lattice constant 3. Define the basis Defining lattice: Mathematical construct; ideally infinite arrangement of
More informationMaterials Science and Engineering: An Introduction
Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction Callister, William D. ISBN-13: 9780470419977 Table of Contents List of Symbols. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Historical Perspective. 1.2 Materials Science and
More informationExample: Compute the wavelength of a 1 [kg] block moving at 1000 [m/s].
Example: Calculate the energy required to excite the hydrogen electron from level n = 1 to level n = 2. Also calculate the wavelength of light that must be absorbed by a hydrogen atom in its ground state
More informationContents 1. of a higher level of mathematics, physics, or crystallography.
Contents 1 1 Diffraction and the X-Ray Powder Diffractometer... 1 1.1 Diffraction... 1 1.1.1 Introduction to Diffraction... 1 1.1.2 Bragg s Law... 3 1.1.3 StrainEffects... 6 1.1.4 SizeEffects... 6 1.1.5
More informationMaterials Science and Engineering
Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering Chap. 3. The Structures of Crystalline Solids How do atoms assemble into solid structures? How does the density of a material depend on its structure?
More informationThin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers
Thin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers 6th Annual SSRL Workshop on Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Techniques in Materials and Environmental Sciences: Theory and Application May 29-31, 2012 Thin films. Epitaxial
More informationSolid State Device Fundamentals
Solid State Device Fundamentals ENS 345 Lecture Course by Alexander M. Zaitsev alexander.zaitsev@csi.cuny.edu Tel: 718 982 2812 Office 4N101b 1 Solids Three types of solids classified according to atomic
More informationSymmetry in crystalline solids.
Symmetry in crystalline solids. Translation symmetry n 1,n 2,n 3 are integer numbers 1 Unitary or primitive cells 2D 3D Red, green and cyano depict all primitive (unitary) cells, whereas blue cell is not
More informationLECTURE 8. Dr. Teresa D. Golden University of North Texas Department of Chemistry
LECTURE 8 Dr. Teresa D. Golden University of North Texas Department of Chemistry Practical applications for lattice parameter measurements: -determine composition (stoichiometry) of the sample -determine
More informationChapter 3 Basic Crystallography and Electron Diffraction from Crystals. Lecture 9. Chapter 3 CHEM Fall, L. Ma
Chapter 3 Basic Crystallography and Electron Diffraction from Crystals Lecture 9 Outline The geometry of electron diffraction Crystallography Kinetic Theory of Electron diffraction Diffraction from crystals
More informationDiffraction: Powder Method
Diffraction: Powder Method Diffraction Methods Diffraction can occur whenever Bragg s law λ = d sin θ is satisfied. With monochromatic x-rays and arbitrary setting of a single crystal in a beam generally
More informationX-ray diffraction and structure analysis Introduction
Teknillisen fysiikan ohjelmatyö X-ray diffraction and structure analysis Introduction Oleg Heczko 120 100 80 118 12-5 125 Ni-Mn-Ga (298K) SQRT(Intensity) 60 40 20 015 200 123 12-7 20-10 20,10 20-8 040
More informationX-ray Diffraction (XRD)
هب انم خدا X-ray Diffraction (XRD) 1.0 What is X-ray Diffraction 2.0 Basics of Crystallography 3.0 Production of X-rays 4.0 Applications of XRD 5.0 Instrumental Sources of Error 6.0 Conclusions Bragg s
More informationStrain. Two types of stresses: Usually:
Stress and Texture Strain Two types of stresses: microstresses vary from one grain to another on a microscopic scale. macrostresses stress is uniform over large distances. Usually: macrostrain is uniform
More informationThin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers
Thin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers Arturas Vailionis First Annual SSRL Workshop on Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Techniques in Materials and Environmental Sciences: Theory and Application Tuesday, May
More informationCopyright(C)JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data 2000, Advances in X-ray Analysis, Vol
Copyright(C)JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data 2000, Advances in X-ray Analysis, Vol.42 407 Copyright(C)JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data 2000, Advances in X-ray Analysis, Vol.42
More informationChapter-3 MSE-201-R. Prof. Dr. Altan Türkeli
Chapter-3 MSE-201-R Prof. Dr. Altan Türkeli The Structure of Crystalline Solids FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS Solid materials may be classified according to the regularity with which atoms or ions are arranged
More informationGeneral Objective. To develop the knowledge of crystal structure and their properties.
CRYSTAL PHYSICS 1 General Objective To develop the knowledge of crystal structure and their properties. 2 Specific Objectives 1. Differentiate crystalline and amorphous solids. 2. To explain nine fundamental
More information3. Anisotropic blurring by dislocations
Dynamical Simulation of EBSD Patterns of Imperfect Crystals 1 G. Nolze 1, A. Winkelmann 2 1 Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany 2 Max-Planck- Institute of Microstructure
More informationDiffraction: Real Samples Powder Method
Diffraction: Real Samples Powder Method Diffraction: Real Samples Up to this point we have been considering diffraction arising from infinitely large crystals that are strain free and behave like ideally
More informationAdvanced Methods for Materials Research. Materials Structure Investigations Materials Properties Investigations
Advanced Methods for Materials Research Materials Structure Investigations Materials Properties Investigations Advanced Methods for Materials Research 1. The structure and property of sample and methods
More informationBio5325 Fall Crystal Vocabulary
Crystals and Crystallization Bio5325 Fall 2007 Crystal Vocabulary Mosaicity (mosaic spread) Protein crystals are imperfect, consisting of a mosaic of domains that are slightly misaligned. As a result,
More informationCrystal structure of the material :- the manner in which atoms, ions, or molecules are spatially.
Crystal structure A crystalline material :- is one in which the atoms are situated in a repeating or periodic array over large atomic distances. Crystal structure of the material :- the manner in which
More informationChapter1: Crystal Structure 1
Chapter1: Crystal Structure 1 University of Technology Laser Engineering & Optoelectronic Department Glass: 3 rd year Optoelectronic Engineering Subject: Solid state physics & material science Ass. Prof.
More informationX-ray diffraction
2.2.3.- X-ray diffraction 2.2.3.1.- Origins and fundamentals of the technique The first experimental evidence concerning x-ray diffraction was given by Max von Laue who in 1912 demonstrated that x-rays
More informationبسم هللا الرحمن الرحیم. Materials Science. Chapter 3 Structures of Metals & Ceramics
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحیم Materials Science Chapter 3 Structures of Metals & Ceramics 1 ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How do atoms assemble into solid structures? How does the density of a material depend on its structure?
More informationUNIT V -CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
UNIT V -CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Solids are of two types: Amorphous and crystalline. In amorphous solids, there is no order in the arrangement of their constituent atoms (molecules). Hence no definite structure
More informationChapter 8: Molecules and Materials
Chapter 8: Molecules and Materials Condensed Phases - Solids Bonding in Solids Metals Insulators Semiconductors Intermolecular Forces Condensed Phases - Liquids Carbon There are three forms of the element
More information(iii) Describe how you would use a powder diffraction pattern of this material to measure
Supplemental Problems for Chapter 5 100 45.29 Intensity, au 80 60 40 20 38.95 65.98 30 40 50 60 70 2!, 1) The figure above shows a schematic diffraction pattern for a cubic material, recorded with an X-ray
More informationDIFFRACTION METHODS IN MATERIAL SCIENCE. PD Dr. Nikolay Zotov Tel Room 3N16.
DIFFRACTION METHODS IN MATERIAL SCIENCE PD Dr. Nikolay Zotov Tel. 0711 689 3325 Email: zotov@imw.uni-stuttgart.de Room 3N16 Lecture 5 OUTLINE OF THE COURSE 0. Introduction 1. Classification of Materials
More informationChapter Outline How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids?
Chapter Outline How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids? Fundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures Face-centered cubic Body-centered cubic Hexagonal close-packed Close packed
More informationDensity Computations
CHAPTER 3 THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS Fundamental Concepts 3.1 What is the difference between atomic structure and crystal structure? Unit Cells Metallic Crystal Structures 3.2 If the atomic radius
More informationMicrostructural parameters from Multiple Whole Profile (MWP) or Convolutional Multiple Whole Profile (CMWP) computer programs
Microstructural parameters from Multiple Whole Profile (MWP) or Convolutional Multiple Whole Profile (CMWP) computer programs Iuliana Dragomir-Cernatescu School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
More informationX-RAY DIFFRACTION IN SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY AND RESEARCH
X-RAY DIFFRACTION IN SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY AND RESEARCH M. Leszczyński High Pressure Research Center UNIPRESS, Sokolowska 29/37, 01 142 Warsaw, Poland, e-mail: mike@unipress.waw.pl ABSTRACT The paper
More informationEnergy and Packing. typical neighbor bond energy. typical neighbor bond energy. Dense, regular-packed structures tend to have lower energy.
Energy and Packing Non dense, random packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r Dense, regular packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r
More informationHigh Resolution X-ray Diffraction
High Resolution X-ray Diffraction Nina Heinig with data from Dr. Zhihao Donovan Chen, Panalytical and slides from Colorado State University Outline Watlab s new tool: Panalytical MRD system Techniques:
More informationAn Investigation of Non-Crystalline Materials Using X-ray Powder Diffraction. PPXRD 12 Beijing May 2013 Simon Bates: Triclinic Labs
An Investigation of Non-Crystalline Materials Using X-ray Powder Diffraction PPXRD 12 Beijing May 2013 Simon Bates: Triclinic Labs 1 This document was presented at PPXRD - Pharmaceutical Powder X-ray Diffraction
More informationDefect and Microstructure Analysis by Diffraction
Defect and Microstructure Analysis by Diffraction ROBERT L. SNYDER Deparnnent of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA JAROSLAV FIALA Department of Metallurgy,
More informationUses of Powder Diffraction. Diffraction
Powder X-ray X Diffraction Brendan J. Kennedy School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Uses of Powder Diffraction Qualitative Analysis Identification of single-phase materials Identification of multiple
More informationNow, let s examine how atoms are affected as liquids transform into solids.
Now, let s examine how atoms are affected as liquids transform into solids. 1 Before we deal with PROPERTIES of materials, it s beneficial to remember where we have come from, and where we are going. Later,
More informationAnswer All Questions. All Questions Carry Equal Marks. Time: 20 Min. Marks: 10.
Code No: 09A1BS02 Set No. 1 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD I B.Tech. I Mid Examinations, November 2009 ENGINEERING PHYSICS Objective Exam Name: Hall Ticket No. A Answer All Questions.
More informationReview key concepts from last lecture (lattice + basis = unit cell) Bravais lattices Important crystal structures Intro to miller indices
Outline: Review key concepts from last lecture (lattice + basis = unit cell) Bravais lattices Important crystal structures Intro to miller indices Review (example with square lattice) Lattice: square,
More informationCondensed Matter in a Nutshell
PHYS 342/555 Condensed Matter in a Nutshell Instructor: Dr. Pengcheng Dai Professor of Physics The University of Tennessee (Room 407A, Nielsen, 974-1509) (Office hours: TR 1:10PM-2:00 PM) Lecture 2, room
More informationTwins & Dislocations in HCP Textbook & Paper Reviews. Cindy Smith
Twins & Dislocations in HCP Textbook & Paper Reviews Cindy Smith Motivation Review: Outline Crystal lattices (fcc, bcc, hcp) Fcc vs. hcp stacking sequences Cubic {hkl} naming Hcp {hkil} naming Twinning
More informationLesson 1 X-rays & Diffraction
Lesson 1 X-rays & Diffraction Nicola Döbelin RMS Foundation, Bettlach, Switzerland February 11 14, 2013, Riga, Latvia Electromagnetic Spectrum X rays: Wavelength λ: 0.01 10 nm Energy: 100 ev 100 kev Interatomic
More informationDiffraction Going further
Diffraction Going further Duncan Alexander! EPFL-CIME 1 Contents Higher order Laue zones (HOLZ)! Kikuchi diffraction! Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED)! HOLZ lines in CBED! Thickness measurements!
More informationLecture course on solid state physics for Nano, 2019
Prof. U. Pietsch Department of Physics, University of Siegen Lecture course on solid state physics for Nano, 2019 Lecture 1 Introduction in crystallography Objectives of the course To provide the basic
More informationProblems. 104 CHAPTER 3 Atomic and Ionic Arrangements
104 CHAPTER 3 Atomic and Ionic Arrangements Repeat distance The distance from one lattice point to the adjacent lattice point along a direction. Short-range order The regular and predictable arrangement
More informationCHAPTER 3: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES & PROPERTIES
CHAPTER 3: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES & PROPERTIES ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How do atoms assemble into solid structures? (for now, focus on metals) How does the density of a material depend on its structure? When
More informationENGINEERING MATERIALS LECTURE #4
ENGINEERING MATERIALS LECTURE #4 Chapter 3: The Structure of Crystalline Solids Topics to Cover What is the difference in atomic arrangement between crystalline and noncrystalline solids? What features
More informationSTATE OF SOLIDIFICATION & CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
STATE OF SOLIDIFICATION & CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Chapter Outline Determination of crystal properties or properties of crystalline materials. Crystal Geometry! Crystal Directions! Linear Density of atoms! Crystal
More informationRietveld refinement of ZrSiO 4 : application of a phenomenological model of anisotropic peak width
Rietveld refinement of ZrSiO 4 : application of a phenomenological model of anisotropic peak width A. Sarkar, P. Mukherjee, P. Barat Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre 1/A Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
More informationTravaux Pratiques de Matériaux de Construction
Travaux Pratiques de Matériaux de Construction Section Matériaux 6 ème semestre 2009 Etude de Matériaux Cimentaire Par Diffraction des Rayons X Responsable: Silke Ruffing E-Mail: silke.ruffing@epfl.ch
More informationChapter 3: Atomic and Ionic Arrangements. Chapter 3: Atomic and Ionic Arrangements Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 3: Atomic and Ionic Arrangements 3-1 Learning Objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Short-range order versus long-range order Amorphous materials Lattice, basis, unit cells, and crystal structures
More informationSolid State-1 1) Ionic solids are characterised by 1) Good conductivity in solid state 2) High vapour pressure 3) Low melting point 4) Solubility in polar solvents 2) Three metals X, Y and Z are crystallised
More informationCrystallographic orientation
Crystallographic orientation Orientations and misorientations Orientation (g): The orientation of the crystal lattice with respect to some reference frame; usual a frame defined by the processing or sample
More informationTEM imaging and diffraction examples
TEM imaging and diffraction examples Duncan Alexander EPFL-CIME 1 Diffraction examples Kikuchi diffraction Epitaxial relationships Polycrystalline samples Amorphous materials Contents Convergent beam electron
More informationReview of Metallic Structure
Phase Diagrams Understanding the Basics F.C. Campbell, editor Copyright 2012 ASM International All rights reserved www.asminternational.org Appendix A Review of Metallic Structure The word metal, derived
More informationVOLUME FRACTION ANALYSIS
VOLUME FRCTON NLYSS Qualitative (dentification) Lattice parameter versus composition curve (single phase) JCPDS Files: 1) Locate d1 group; 2)Closest match to d2 3) d1, d2, d3 (-wise) 4) Compare all lines
More informationPhysics 6180: Graduate Physics Laboratory. Experiment CM5: X-ray diffraction and crystal structures
Physics 6180: Graduate Physics Laboratory Experiment CM5: X-ray diffraction and crystal structures References: Preston and Dietz, Expt. 10 pp. 180-197 Eisberg and Resnick, Quantum Physics, Sec. 9 Kittel,
More informationWhy does the growth rate slow down as a precipitate thickens during diffusion-controlled growth?
Part II: Worked Examples H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia Question 14 Why does the growth rate slow down as a precipitate thickens during diffusion-controlled growth? The surface of a metal can be nitrided to form
More informationChapter One: The Structure of Metals
Fourth Edition SI Version Chapter One: The Structure of Metals 2010. Cengage Learning, Engineering. All Rights Reserved. 1.1 Importance of the structure: Structures Processing Properties Applications Classification
More informationMetallic crystal structures The atomic bonding is metallic and thus non-directional in nature
Chapter 3 The structure of crystalline solids Hw: 4, 6, 10, 14, 18, 21, 26, 31, 35, 39, 42, 43, 46, 48, 49, 51, 56, 61 Due Wensday 14/10/2009 Quiz1 on Wensday 14/10/2009 Why study the structure of crystalline
More informationSolid State Device Fundamentals
Solid State Device Fundamentals ENS 345 Lecture Course by Alexander M. Zaitsev alexander.zaitsev@csi.cuny.edu Tel: 718 982 2812 Office 4N101b 1 Interatomic bonding Bonding Forces and Energies Equilibrium
More information