History and Presentation

Transcription

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2 History and Presentation Gavex is a Steel Service Center with multiple Cutting Lines for processing steel coils into strips and sheets, having a large stock of steel products. Gavex has its headquarters in Ovar, located between Oporto and Aveiro with a distance of 35 km from each, over an area of m2, with covered installations about 8000 m2 This company was established in 1967, having then the social assignment Gavex - Exportadora de Gavinho, Lda. The first years of its activity had been dedicated to the commerce of ropery, tapestry and similars. In the decade of 70, as result of Overseas war ending, Gavex changes its activity to Steel Sector. In 1992/1993, Gavex installs its first Cutting Lines: Slitting, cut-to-length and levelling, with feeding and packaging systems. In 1997/1998, Gavex installs a new cut-to-length Line, increasing its capacity to process materials with bigger thickness. In 2005, Gavex strengthening its expansion policy, increases again its operational capacity, installing a new Slitting line, to satisfy each time better the customers Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 2

3 Products & Services Catalogue INDEX Guideline... 4 Non automotive industry... 4 Automotive Industry... 8 Products Range Hot rolled Steel bending and deep drawing Hot rolled steel - Structural Hot rolled steel Floor plates Note: The relief height should be between 1 to 2 mm According to Reference Norm: DIN Consult "Tolerances" section Cold rolled steel According to Reference Norm: NP EN Consult "Tolerances" section Coated steel - Electrogalvanized According to Reference Norm: NP EN Consult "Tolerances" section Coated steel - galvanized Organic coated Tolerances Tolerances for Hot Rolled Steel Bending/Deep Drawing and Structural 10mm Tolerances for Hot Rolled Steel Structural > 10 mm Tolerances for Hot Rolled Steel Floor Plates Tolerances for Cold Rolled Steel and Electrogalvanized Services Packaging Symbols and Abbreviations Tables Summary of Flat Steel Technical Specifications Cat. P.S./0l 08/07 Page 3

4 Guideline Non automotive industry Legend Q1 Hot Rolled Steel For Bending And Deep Drawing R1 Electrogalvanized Steel Q2 Hot Rolled Steel - Structural Hot Dip Galvanized Steel Q3 Hot Rolled Steel - Flour Plates R3 Organic Coated Steel F1 Cold Rolled Steel SECTOR Branch Applications Hot Rolled Steel Cold Rolled Steel Coated Steel Profiler Profiler One Dimensional Q2 Folded and Rolled Profiles Deep drawer, Shaper, Puncher Various Deep drawing, Shaping & Punching Applications Q1 F1 Mechanical Construction Agricultural Machinery Agricultural Tractors Q1 Q2 Garden Equipment F1 Hoisting Equipment Elevators Q1 Q2 Forklifts F1 R3 Construction & Mining Bulldozers Q1 Q2 Excavators, Cranes Q2 Other Machinery Alimentation Installations Q1 Textile & Print Industry Machinery Q2 F1 F1 Cat.P.S./0l 10/11 4

5 Plate Working Machinery Q1 F1 Q2 Concrete Mixers Q1 F1 Q2 Electrical Construction Domestic Appliances Fridges, Washing Machines, Tumble Dryers, Cookers F1 R1 Audio / Video Televisions F1 R1 Video e Hi-fi R1 Office Equipment Computer F1 R1 Fax, Copy machines R1 R3 Boilers Boilers F1 R1 Climatization Electrical Heating, Air- Conditioning, Ventilators F1 R1 Other Appliances Mixers, Vacuum Cleaners F1 Irons and Microwaves R1 R3 Lighting Brackets and Housings F1 Fixtures F1 R1 Distribution Panels F1 R1 Switchboards R1 Cat.P.S./0l 10/11 5

6 Other Measuring Equipment F1 R1 Accumulators and Batteries R1 Building Civil Engineering Public Works Q1 F1 R1 Q2 R3 Bridges, Tunnels Q1 Q2 Road Infrastructure Railway Traffic Panels F1 R1 Framework Profiles for Building Industry (C,Z) Q2 Metal Scaffolding (doors & Windows) F1 R1 Roofing & Panels Light Posts, High Tension Posts and Cableway Towers Coverings, Sandwich panels Q2 R3 Finishing & Decoration Ceilings & False Ceilings R1 Stairs and Floors Walls & Wall Panels Q3 R1 Doors, Windows and Garages R1 Cat.P.S./0l 10/11 6

7 Conducts for Climatization Air-conditioning, heatingrefrigeration F1 R1 Cable Gutters Metal Processing Furniture Chairs and Seats F1 Closets and Writing-Desks F1 R1 R3 Shelves Shelves for Shops, Industry, Warehouses Q1 F1 R3 Ironware Tools, Locks and Joints Q1 F1 Packaging Drums Drums l F1 Containers, Tanks and Silos Containers, Tanks and Silos Q1 Q2 Cat.P.S./0l 10/11 7

8 Automotive Industry Legend Q1 Hot Rolled Steel For Bending And Deep Drawing R1 Electrogalvanized Steel Q2 Hot Rolled Steel - Structural Hot Dip Galvanized Steel F1 Hot Rolled Steel - Flour Plates SECTOR Branch Applications Hot Rolled Steel Cold Rolled Steel Coated Steel Bodywork Under Body Front/rear Panel F1 R1 Backup Wheel Compartment F1 R1 Shock Absorbers Setting Radiator Reinforcement Q1 F1 Front/Rear Floor Reinforcement Q2 R1 Supports Q1 F1 R1 Inner/Outer Inner/Outer Side Panel F1 R1 Luggage-Van Q1 F1 R1 Roof Panel Roof Panel F1 R1 Back Panel Back Panel F1 R1 Automotive Closures Engine Hood, Doors and Luggage-Van Inner/Outer Side Panel F1 R1 Cat.P.S./0l 10/11 8

9 Reinforcement Q1 F1 R1 Automotive Equipment Equipment Oil Sump, Oil Filter, Fuel Tank and Oil Tubing F1 R1 Suspension Suspensions Parts Q1 F1 R1 Wheels Rims and Discs Q1 Q2 Seats Frame Q1 F1 R1 Pedals Pedals Q1 Q2 Cat.P.S./0l 10/11 9

10 Products Range The products below can be supplied in strips or sheets, according to the capacity of ours Cutting Lines processing. Strips Material Thickness Width Hot Rolled Pickled and Oiled Hot Rolled Cold Rolled Hot Dip Galvanized / Electrogalvanized Organic Coated Size range not mentioned in this table can be obtained for cut (Slitting). Sheets Material Thickness Width length [m] Hot Rolled Pickled and Oiled Hot Rolled Floor Plates - Teardrop and Diamond Cold Rolled Hot Dip Galvanized / Electrogalvanized Organic Coated Size range not mentioned in this table can be obtained for cut (Slitting). Structural Steel is available in thicknesses up to 80mm. Cat.P.S./0l 10/11 10

11 Hot rolled Steel bending and deep drawing Steels for bending and deep drawing applications are intended for cold forming. They are used when deformation and ductility properties are more important than strength properties. They find application in the automotive industry and related sectors. These steel grades are also used for a wide range of bending and deep drawing applications in machine manufacturing, building, metal processing, etc. These grades can be used for normal (DD11) up to very deep drawing applications (DD14). The more high it is the number that represents in the larger designation will be his/her capacity for deep drawing. They have application in the industry automobile and related sectors; being also used in the machinery production, construction, metallic processing s, etc. The products below can be supplied: 1. Unpickled: Without superficial protection; Without surface finishing after pickling. 2. Pickled and oiled: Have a superficial finishing, after pickling; With superficial protection (oil). Dimensions Hot Rolled Unpickled Steel Grade Hot Rolled Unpickled DD11 DD12 DD13 DD14 Cutting Thickness Width Length [m] Strip Sheet Size range not mentioned in this table can be obtained for cut (Slitting). Dimensions Hot Rolled Pickled and Oiled Steel Grade Hot Rolled Pickled and Oiled DD11 DD12 DD13 DD14 Cutting Thickness Width 10.0 Length [m] Strip Sheet Size range not mentioned in this table can be obtained for cut (Slitting). Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 11

12 Correspondence Norms NP EN (2000) DIN 1614/2 (86) UNE (91) BS 1449/1 (91) UNI 5867 (73) ASTM (96) DD 11 StW 22 AP 11 HR 3 FeP 11 A 569 HRCQ DD 12 StW 23 AP 12 HR 2 FeP 12 A 621 HRDQ DD 13 StW 24 AP 13 HR1 FeP 13 A 622 HRDQSK DD 14 Chemical Composition Specifications according to NP EN C (%) Mn (%) P (%) S (%) DD 11 0,12 0,60 0,045 0,045 DD 12 0,10 0,45 0,035 0,035 DD 13 0,08 0,40 0,030 0,030 DD 14 0,08 0,35 0,025 0,025 Mechanical Properties Specifications according to NP EN ,5 e < 2,0 Re (MPa) Rm (MPa) A80 (%) A5 (%) 2,0 e < 8,0 1,5 e < 2,0 2,0 e < 3,0 3,0 e < 8,0 DD DD DD DD e - Thickness Surface Quality Admits imperfections, such as: pores, small pits, small marks, small scratches and a slight coloration are permitted, according to reference norm: EN Tolerances According to Reference Norm: NP EN Consult "Tolerances" section. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 12

13 Hot rolled steel - Structural Structural steels are mainly used in building industry and mechanical constructions. Applications include building components, containers, storage tanks and roll formed profiles. These steels are not specifically micro-alloyed. They show good weldability with conventional welding processes and in most cases do not require pre or postheat-treatment. In addition to their good mechanical characteristics, they also have very acceptable toughness values. Dimensions Steel Grade Hot Rolled Thickness 10 mm S235JR S275JR S355JR S355JO Cutting Thickness Width Length [m] Strip Sheet Size range not mentioned in this table can be obtained for cut (Slitting) Steel Grade Hot Rolled Thickness > 10 mm Thick Plates S235JR S275JR S355JR S355JO Cutting Sheet Thickness Width Length [m] Correspondence Norms EN (04) DIN (87) UNE (90) BS 4360 (90) UNI 7070 (84) ASTM (96) S235JR RSt 37-2 AE 235 B FN 40 B A 570 Grade 36 S275JR St 44-2 AE 257 B 43 B Fe 430 B A 570 Grade 40 S355JR AE 355 B 50 B Fe 510 B S355JO St 52-3 U AE 355 C 50 C Fe 510 C A 570 Grade 50 Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 13

14 Chemical Composition Specifications according to EN e 16 C (%) P (%) Mn (%) S (%) Si (%) N (%) Cu (%) 16 < e 40 S235JR 0,17 0,17 0,035 1,40 0,035 0,012 0,55 S275JR 0,21 0,21 0,035 1,50 0,035 0,012 0,55 S355JR 0,24 0,24 0,035 1,60 0,035 0,55 0,012 0,55 S355JO 0,20 0,20 0,030 1,60 0,030 0,55 0,012 0,55 K- for thickness > 30 mm: C = 0,22 % Max e - Thickness Mechanical Properties Specifications according to EN e < e 40 Re (MPa) Rm (MPa) A5 (%) 40 < e < e 80 3 e e 40 S235JR S275JR S355JR S355JO e - Thickness Surface Quality for Plates and wide flats Admits imperfections, such as: small discontinuities, small fissures, small amendments. The depth limits of these discontinuities depend on the material thickness and are defined in EN Tolerances For thicknesses 10 mm the tolerances will be according to Reference Norm: NP EN Consult "Tolerances" section. For thicknesses > 10 mm the tolerances will be according to Reference Norm: NP EN Consult "Tolerances" section. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 14

15 Hot rolled steel Floor plates Floor Plates are mainly used for the construction of floor and stairs due to the anti slip properties of the applied pattern. Patterns in the form of diamonds or teardrops are applied on a wide range of steels. Dimensions Steel Grade Cutting Thickness Floor Plates S185/S235JR Sheet Width Length [m] 10.0 Correspondence Norms EN (04) DIN (87) UNE (90) BS 4360 (90) ASTM (96) S185/S235JR St 33/RSt 37-2 A 310 0/E 235 B FN -/40A -/A 570 Grade 36 Fig. 1: Teardrop plate Fig. 2: Diamond plate Note: The relief height should be between 1 to 2 mm. Tolerances According to Reference Norm: DIN Consult "Tolerances" section. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 15

16 Cold rolled steel Steels for bending and deep drawing applications are intended for the various applications of cold forming. They are used when deformation and ductility properties are more important than strength properties. These steel grades are suitable for a wide range of surface finishing like phosphating, painting, electrolytic galvanizing, etc. Typical applications are to be found in the automotive industry, the deep drawing sector, the metal processing, the building industry and the manufacture of profiles and tubes. These grades can be used for normal (DC01) up to deep drawing applications (DC04). Dimensions Steel Grade Cutting Thickness Width Length [m] Cold Rolled DC01 DC03 DC04 DC05 Strip Sheet Size range not mentioned in this table can be obtained for cut (Slitting). Correspondence Norms EN (06) EN (91) DIN 1623/1 (83) UNE (75) BS 1449/1 (83) ASTM DC01 FeP01 St 12 AP00 CR4 A 366 CRCQ DC03 FeP03 RSt 13 AP02 CR3 C A 619 CRDQ DC04 FeP04 St 14 AP04 CR1 A 620 CRDQSK DC05 FeP05 Chemical Composition Specifications according to EN C (%) Mn (%) P (%) S (%) Ti (%) DC01 0,12 0,60 0,045 0,045 DC03 0,10 0,45 0,035 0,035 DC04 0,08 0,40 0,030 0,030 DC05 0,06 0,35 0,025 0,025 Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 16

17 Mechanical Properties Specifications according to EN Re (MPa) Rm (MPa) A80 (%) r90 n90 DC DC ,3 - DC ,6 0,18 DC ,9 0,20 Surface Quality According to reference norm: EN Can be supplied in two types of quality surface: Surface quality A Surface quality B The usual quality is: A Surface quality A: Defects such as pores, slight indentations, small marks, minor scratches and slight colouring which do not affect formability or the application of surface coatings are permitted. Quality of Surface B: The better surface shall be free of defects which might affect the uniform appearance of quality paint or an electrolytic coating (shall be specified at the time of ordering). The other surface should be at least conform to surface quality A. Surface finish Specifications according to EN Surface finish Symbol Roughness Bright b Ra 0,4 μm Semi-bright g Ra 0,9 μm Normal m 0,6 μm< Ra 1,9 μm Rough r Ra > 1,6 μm Usual finish: m Tolerances According to Reference Norm: NP EN Consult "Tolerances" section. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 17

18 Coated steel - Electrogalvanized Electrogalvanized products are coated with pure zinc or a zinc-nickel layer. Both coatings can be applied one-sided or two-sided. Electrogalvanized products combine good corrosion resistance, with outstanding surface finish conditions to printability. The products furthermore present excellent drawing and welding characteristics, which makes them particularly well suited for the automotive and domestic appliance industries. Dimensions Steel Grade Cutting Thickness Width Length [m] Electrogalvanized DC01 + ZE DC03 + ZE DC04 + ZE Strip Sheet Size range not mentioned in this table can be obtained for cut (Slitting). Correspondence Norms EN (03) pr EN (96) DIN 1623/1 (83) BS 1449/1 (91) ASTM DC01 + ZE DC01 + ZE St 12 CR4 A 366 DC03 + ZE DC03 + ZE St 13 C A 619 DC04 + ZE DC04 + ZE St 14 CR1 A 620 Chemical Composition Specifications according to EN C (%) Mn (%) P (%) S (%) Ti (%) DC01 + ZE 0,12 0,60 0,045 0,045 - DC03 + ZE 0,10 0,45 0,035 0,035 - DC04 + ZE 0,08 0,40 0,030 0,030 - Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 18

19 Mechanical Properties Specifications according to EN Re (MPa) Rm (MPa) A80 (%) r90 n90 DC01 + ZE DC03 + ZE ,3 DC04 + ZE ,6 0,16 Surface Quality Specifications according to EN Can be supplied in two types of quality surface: Surface quality A Surface quality B The usual quality is: A Surface quality A: Defects such as pores, slight indentations, small marks, minor scratches and slight colouring which do not affect formability or the application of subsequent surface coatings are permitted. Quality of Surface B: The better of the two surfaces shall be virtually free from surface imperfections liable to impair the uniform appearance of a high-quality paint finish. For one-sided coating, this requirement shall apply for the uncoated surface unless otherwise agreed. The other surface shall at least conform to surface quality A Coating Specifications according to EN Coating designation Nominal zinc coating Values for each surface Thickness μm Mass g/m 2 Minimum zinc coating Values for each surface Thickness μm Mass g/m 2 ZE 25/25 2,5 18 1,7 12 ZE 50/50 5,0 36 4,1 29 ZE 75/75 7,5 54 6,6 47 ZE 100/100 10,0 72 9,1 65 Usual covering: ZE 25/25 Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 19

20 Surface treatment (surface protection) Specifications according to EN Symbol Type of treatment C Chemically passivated P Phosphated PC Phosphated and chemically sealed PCO Phosphated, chemically sealed and oiled CO Chemically passivated and oiled PO Phosphated and oiled O Oiled S U Sealed (With transparent organic film in an or in the two faces, approximately 1g/m 2 ) As coated, i.e. untreated The Electrogalvanized steel is usually supplied Phosphated and Chemically passivated. Tolerances According to Reference Norm: NP EN Consult "Tolerances" section. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 20

21 Coated steel - galvanized Hot dip galvanized steel consists of a high quality steel substrate with a thin metallic zinc or zinc-iron coating which is applied by means of a continuous hot dip galvanizing process. Hot dip galvanized products offer extraordinary protection against corrosion, not only because of the galvanic protection of the zinc, but also by the physical barrier of the coating itself. These products have a large number of applications and can be used both indoors and outdoors. Some of the most common applications are: Automotive Industry, Building, Domestic Appliances, etc. Dimensions Steel Grade Cutting Thickness Width Length [m] Galvanized DX51D+Z DX52D+Z DX53D+Z Strip Sheet Size range not mentioned in this table can be obtained for cut (Slitting). Correspondence Norms EN EN DIN 17162/1 BS 2989 ASTM (4) (91) (88) (82) (94) DX51D+Z FeP02 G St 01Z / St 02Z Z1 G / Z2 G A 653 CQ DX52D+Z FeP03 G St 03Z Z3 G A 653 LFQ DX53D+Z FeP05 G St 04Z / St 05Z Z4 G A 653 DQ Note1: Exist another coated products: +ZF, +ZA, +AZ, +AS Nota2: Exist another steel grades: DX54D; DX55D; DX56D and DX57D Chemical Composition Specifications according to EN C (%) Mn (%) P (%) S (%) Si (%) Ti (%) DX51D+Z 0,12 0,60 0,10 0,045 0,50 0,30 DX52D+Z 0,12 0,60 0,10 0,045 0,50 0,30 DX53D+Z 0,12 0,60 0,10 0,045 0,50 0,30 DX54D+Z 0,12 0,60 0,10 0,045 0,50 0,30 Mechanical Properties Specifications according to EN Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 21

22 Re (MPa) Rm (MPa) A80 (%) r90 n90 DX51D+Z DX52D+Z DX53D+Z Surface Quality Specifications according to EN Can be supplied in tree types of quality surface: Surface quality A Surface quality B Surface quality C The usual quality is: A Surface quality A: Imperfections such as pimples, marks, scratches, pits, variations in surface appearance, dark spots, stripe marks and light passivation stains are permissible. Stretch levelling breaks or run-off marks may appear. Coil breaks and stretcher strains may appear as well. Surface quality B: Is obtained by skin passing. Small imperfections such as: stretch leveling breaks, skin pass marks, slight scratches; surface structure, run-off marks and light passivation stains are permissible. Surface quality C Best quality. Is obtained by skin passing. The controlled surface shall make it possible to apply a uniform high-class paint finish. The other surface shall at least have the characteristics of surface quality B. Surface finish: Normal finish (N) Minimized spangle (M) Available Coating Masses Specifications according to EN Coating designation Minimum coating mass total both surface Triple spot test (g/m 2 ) Single spot (g/m 2 ) Theoretical guidance values for coating thickness per surface in the single spot test Typical value (µm) Range (µm) Z a 12 Z a 15 Z a 20 Z a 22 Z a 27 Note: zinc coating mass, g/m 2 (both surfaces) = zinc-coating thickness (µm per surface) 2x7,1 g/cm 3 (= zinc-density) Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 22

23 Available Zinc coatings Specifications according to EN Steel name Steel number DX51D+Z DX52D+Z DX53D+Z Coating designation N Coating finish M Surface qualities A A B C Z100 X X X X Z140 X X X X Z200 X X X X (Z225) (X) (X) (X) (X) Z275 X X X X Z100 X X X X Z140 X X X X Z200 X X X X (Z225) (X) (X) (X) (X) Z275 X X X X Z100 X X X X Z140 X X X X Z200 X X X X (Z225) (X) (X) (X) (X) Z275 X X X X The coatings and surface qualities given in brackets are available on agreement. Surface treatment (Surface protection) Specifications according to EN Symbol Type of treatment C O CO S P Chemical passivation Oiling Chemical passivation and oiling Sealed (with transparent organic film in an or in the two faces, approximately 1g/m 2 Phosphated PO Phosphated and oiled The Galvanized steel is usually supplied with Chemical passivation (C) and Phosphate (P). Tolerances According Reference norm: NP EN Consult Tolerances section. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 23

24 Organic coated With organic coated products, a liquid paint system is applied to a metal substrate by means of a continuous paint process. Organic coated (prepainted) flat steel products are replacing post-painting of the finished product. The process is also environmentally friendly, economical and guarantees consistent product quality. This type of coating can be used in different types of material, with hot dip galvanized steel as the most frequently used grade. Various liquid paints in a range of colours can be used to coat the substrate. A multi-stage cleaning process and chemical pre-treatment ensure optimum bonding of the coating and improved corrosion resistance of the steel. Organic coated products are used primarily in the building industry (roof, wall and ceiling claddings), electric appliances (fridges, washing machines), the transport sector, radiators, office furniture and packaging. Dimensions Steel Grade Cutting Thickness Width Length [m] Organic Coated DX51D DX52D DX53D Strips Sheet Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 24

25 Tolerances Tolerances for Hot Rolled Steel Bending/Deep Drawing and Structural 10mm 1 Reference Norm: NP EN Tolerances Thickness The thickness shall be measured at any point situated at least 40 mm from the edges for products with mill edges and at least 25 mm from the edges for products with trimmed edges. The tolerances on thickness are given in Table 1. Table 1: Tolerances on thickness (mm) Nominal Thickness For S235 a S275 1) 1200 Tolerances for a nominal width: > > > For DD11 a DD14 Tolerances for a nominal width: > > ,00 ± 0,17 ± 0,19 ± 0,21 - ± 0,13 ± 0,14 ± 0,16 - > 1800 > 2,00 2,50 ± 0,18 ± 0,21 ± 0,23 ± 0,25 ± 0,14 ± 0,16 ± 0,17 ± 0,19 > 2,50 3,00 ± 0,20 ± 0,22 ± 0,24 ± 0,26 ± 0,15 ± 0,17 ± 0,18 ± 0,20 > 3,00 4,00 ± 0,22 ± 0,24 ± 0,26 ± 0,27 ± 0,17 ± 0,18 ± 0,20 ± 0,20 > 4,00 5,00 ± 0,24 ± 0,26 ± 0,28 ± 0,29 ± 0,18 ± 0,20 ± 0,21 ± 0,22 > 5,00 6,00 ± 0,26 ± 0,28 ± 0,29 ± 0,31 ± 0,20 ± 0,21 ± 0,22 ± 0,23 > 6,00 8,00 ± 0,29 ± 0,30 ± 0,31 ± 0,35 ± 0,22 ± 0,23 ± 0,23 ± 0,26 > 8,00 10,00 ± 0,32 ± 0,33 ± 0,34 ± 0, > 10,00 12,50 ± 0,35 ± 0,36 ± 0,37 ± 0, > 12,50 15,00 ± 0,37 ± 0,38 ± 0,40 ± 0, > 15,00 25,00 ± 0,40 ± 0,42 ± 0,45 ± 0, ) This tolerances are for Category A steels with normal deformation resistance at elevated temperatures, for example: S235, S275. For Category B Steel with a high deformation resistance at elevated temperatures, for example S355, the values of this table shall be increased by 15%. 2.2 Width (B) The width must be measured perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the product or processing. (B) Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 25

26 Table 2: Tolerances on width (mm) for sheet/strip Nominal Width Tolerances Mill edges Trimmed edges 1) Lower Upper Lower Upper > > ) Tolerances for trimmed edges apply to products with nominal thickness 10 mm, for nominal thickness > 10 mm the upper tolerances should be agreed at the time of enquiry and order. 2.3 Length (C) The length must be measured along the longitudinal axis of the product or processing. (C) Table 3: Tolerance on length (mm) Nominal length Lower Tolerances Upper < < ,005 x nominal length Flatness Deviation from flatness shall be determined by measuring the deviation in distance between the product and a flat horizontal surface on which it is placed. Flatness area a = 200 mm for normal tolerances on flatness a = 100 mm for special tolerances on flatness a a Fig. 1 Deviation from flatness Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 26

27 Table 4 - Tolerances on flatness for bending/deep drawing and for structural steels with normal deformation resistance at elevated temperatures (Category A) (in mm) Nominal Thickness Nominal width Tolerances on flatness Special tolerances on flatness 2,00 > 2,00 25, > > > > Table 5: Tolerances on flatness for Structural Steels exhibiting a high deformation resistance at elevated temperatures (Category B) (in mm) Nominal Thickness Nominal width Tolerances on flatness ,00 > > Out-of-squareness The out-of-squareness u (see Fig.2), is the orthogonal projection of a transverse edge over a longitudinal edge. The out-of-squareness shall not exceed 1% of the actual width of the sheet/plate. Fig. 2 Out-of-squareness Crown The crown shall be measured as the thickness difference between the center line of the product and a measuring point at 40 mm from any edge of the product in case of mill edges and at 25 mm in case of trimmed edges. The difference in thickness within one coil shall be measured at a line with an invariable distance from the longitudinal edges (minimum distance from the edges, see preceding paragraph). Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 27

28 For hot-rolled strip for cold rolling of category A, maximum values for crown are given in table 6, and permissible thickness differences within one coil is given in table 7. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 28

29 Table 6: Permissible crown Category A (in mm) Nominal thickness Permissible crown * till 0,10 > till 0,13 > till 0,16 > till 0,20 * The values for permissible crown shall be lowered by 20 % for hot-rolled strip slit from wide strip meant for cold rolling. Table 7: Permissible thickness differences within one coil for hot-rolled strip for cold rolling (in mm) Nominal thickness Permissible thickness differences for nominal width of strip > > ,8 2,0 0,20 0,24 0,28 > 2,0 3,0 0, 22 0,27 0,33 > 3,0 4,0 0, 28 0,32 0,40 > 4,0 8,0 0,28 0,32 0, Edge camber The edge camber (q) (see Fig.3), is the maximum deviation of a longitudinal edge from a straight edge measuring base applied to it. The camber is measured on the concave edge. For sheet/plate the measuring base shall be the length of the product for a nominal length < 5000 mm. The edge camber shall not exceed 0,5 % of the actual length of the sheet/plate for a nominal length < 5000 mm. For strip and sheet/plate with a nominal length 5000 mm, the measuring base shall be 5000 mm, taken anywhere along the edge but excluding the uncropped ends. For strip 600 mm, the edge camber shall not exceed 20 mm for any length of 5000 mm in the case of strip with mill edges and 15 mm in the case of strip with trimmed edges. For strip < 600 mm wide slit from wide strip, the tolerances on edge camber shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order. Fig. 3 Edge camber Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 29

30 Tolerances for Hot Rolled Steel Structural > 10 mm 1 Reference Norm NP EN Tolerances 2.1 Thickness The thickness shall be measured at any point situated at least 40 mm from the edges for products with mill edges and at least 25 mm from the edges for products with trimmed edges The tolerances on thickness shall be as given in table 1. Different Classes are available: Class A: tolerances for less, depending on the nominal thickness: Class B: tolerances for less, band of 0,3 mm; Class C: tolerances for more, depending on the nominal thickness; Class D: Symmetrical tolerances depending on the nominal thickness. Table 1: Tolerances on thickness (mm) Tolerances on nominal thickness (see 2.1.1) 1 Maximum thickness difference within a plate Nominal thickness Class A Class B Class C Class D Nominal width Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper 600 < < < < < > 10 < < < < < ) These thickness tolerances apply outside repaired areas (see 2.1.2) For Surface Imperfections parts 1 and 2 of EN are applied. 2.2 Width (B) The width must be measured perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the product or processing. (B) Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 30

31 Table 2: Tolerances on width (mm) Tolerances Nominal width Lower Upper 600 < < Tolerances for mill edges shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order. 2.3 Length (C) The length must be measured along the longitudinal axis of the product or processing. Table 3: Tolerances on length (mm) (c) Nominal length Lower Tolerances Upper < < < < < < ) Tolerances to products with nominal width mm, shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order 2.4 Flatness Deviation from flatness shall be determined by measuring the deviation in distance between the product and a flat horizontal surface on which it is placed. Flatness area a = 200 mm for normal tolerances on flatness a = 100 mm for special tolerances on flatness a a Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 31

32 from flatness Table 4: Normal flatness tolerances Nominal thickness Steel type L Steel type H Measuring length < < < Steel Type L - Products with the specified minimum yield strength 460 N/mm 2,, no quenched and no tempered. Steel Type H - Products with specified minimum yield strength > 460 N/mm 2 and < 700 N/mm 2 and all grades of quenched and quenched and tempered products. If the distance between the points of contact of the sheet and the horizontal surface is < 1000 mm the permissible deviation from flatness shall comply with the following requirements: For steel type L a maximum of 1%; for steel type H a maximum of 1,5% of the distance between the points of contact of the sheet between 300 and 1000 mm, but not exceeding the values in the table 4. Table 5: Special flatness tolerances Nominal thickness Steel type L Width Steel type H < Measuring length Shall be agreed at time of enquiry and order. If the distance between the points of contact of the sheet and the horizontal surface is < 1000 mm the permissible deviation from flatness shall comply with the following requirements: A maximum of 0,5% of the distance between the points of contact of the sheet, not exceeding the values in table 5 and 2 mm. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 32

33 2.5 Out-of-squareness The out-of-squareness u (see Fig.2), is the orthogonal projection of a transverse edge over a longitudinal edge. The out-of-squareness shall not exceed 1% of the actual width of the sheet/plate. Fig.2 Out-of-squareness 2.6 Edge Camber The edge camber (q) (see Fig.3), is the maximum deviation of a longitudinal edge from a straight edge measuring base applied to it. The camber is measured on the concave edge. Fig.3 Edge camber 2.7 Excess Mass The excess mass is the difference between the real mass delivered and the theoretical mass, expressed in percentage of the theoretical mass of the deliver. If the reference norm says nothing in opposite, the theoretical mass should be of 7,85 kg/dm 3, for carbon steels. For stainless and alloyed steel the values of normal qualities are applied The superior limits of the excess mass shall be given in table 6. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 33

34 Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 34

35 Table 6: Excess mass, classes A, B, C e D Nominal thickness mm Class Tolerances on thickness mm Lower Upper 600 < < Excess mass % 1-2) Nominal width mm < < < 15 A - 0,5 + 1,2 6,0 6,0 6,5 7,0 7,5 B - 0,3 + 1,4 7,5 8,0 8,5 9,0 9,5 C 0 + 1,7 10,5 11,0 11,5 12,0 12,5 D - 0,85 + 0,85 3,0 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 15 < 25 A - 0,6 + 1,3 4,5 4,5 5,0 5,0 5,5 B - 0,3 + 1,6 6,0 6,0 6,5 6,5 7,0 C 0 + 1,9 7,5 8,0 8,0 8,5 8,5 D - 0,95 + 0,95 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,5 3,5 25 < 40 A - 0,8 + 1,4 3,5 3,5 4,0 4,0 4,0 B - 0,3 + 1,9 5,0 5,0 5,5 5,5 5,5 C 0 + 2,2 6,0 6,0 6,5 6,5 6,5 D - 1,1 + 1,1 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,5 3,5 40 < 80 A - 1,0 + 1,8 3,5 3,5 4,0 4,0 4,0 B - 0,3 + 2,5 5,0 5,0 5,5 5,5 5,5 C 0 + 2,8 6,0 5,5 6,5 6,5 6,5 D - 1,4 + 1,4 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,5 3,5 80 < 150 A - 1,0 + 2,2 3,5 3,5 4,0 4,0 4,0 B - 0,3 + 2,9 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 C 0 + 3,2 4,5 4,5 4,5 5,0 5,0 D - 1,6 + 1, ,5 3,5 1) See For all classes of tolerances of table 6, the excess mass should be corrected in function of mass of the lot, the next values are: values of MA for class A: 150 t : - 0,2 x MA 75 < 150 t: -0,1x MA 25 < 75 t: values according table 6 10 < 25 t: + 0,2 x MA < 10 t : + 0,4 x MA Isolated sheets: shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order. Example: Lot with 100 t, nominal dimensions. 20 mm x mm x mm, class of tolerance D Correction value: - 0,10 x 5,0% = - 0,5% Excess mass: 3% - 0,5% = 2,5% 2) These values of excess mass have in attention width and length tolerances The excess mass given in table 6 is applied to package with: Same nominal dimensions same quality and mass between 25 t and 75 t Excess mass that exceed the values in table 6 don't implicate rejection, except for different agreement at the time of inquiry and order. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 35

36 Tolerances for Hot Rolled Steel Floor Plates 1 Reference Norm DIN Tolerances The specifications given in this standard apply only to materials with specific minimum values for the yield point up to 355 N/mm Thickness Thickness shall be determined at an unembossed point, not less than 25 mm from the edges. Table 1: Tolerances on thickness and permissible variations in thickness for a single plate Nominal thickness Limit deviations Permissible variation in thickness Width Embossed steel plate is usually supplied in widths from 600 mm to 2000 mm. The actual width of the plate supplied may be greater than the nominal width ordered by up to 20 mm, but not smaller. Width shall be measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plate. 2.3 Length Table 2 gives the upper limit deviations for the length ordered. No single plate shall be shorter than the nominal length. Table 2: Upper limit deviations for the length ordered From Nominal length (mm) Upper limit deviation To below (mm) ) 100 Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 36

37 1) Including mm Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 37

38 Mass Table 3 gives the nominal mass of embossed steel plate, calculated taking the density of steel as 7,85 kg/dm 3, and making an additional allowance of 2 kg/m 2 for design T and 4 Kg/m 2 for design R plate The actual mass of plate shall be no greater than specified in table 3. A consignment shall consist of plate of the same steel grade and same nominal size. Table 3: Nominal mass and upper limit deviations Nominal thickness Nominal mass kg/m 2 Percentage oversize for quantities supplied 1) in t From 5 to From 15 to From 40 to T R Below 5 Over 250 below 15 below 40 below ) See Flatness Table 4: Limit deviations from flatness Nominal thickness (mm) Limit deviation from flatness for a gauge length of: mm 1) mm ) Where the distance between the two points of contact of the plate with the straightedge is less than 1000 mm, the deviation from flatness shall not exceed 1% of this distance, while not exceeding the values in the table. This applies only for gauge lengths not less than 300 mm. For checking plate for deviation from flatness, lay a single plate on a flat horizontal surface so that it rests freely under its own mass. Deviation from flatness shall be measured as the maximum distance between the smooth side of a plate and a straightedge 1000 mm or 2000 mm long, laid on it in any direction. Measurements shall be taken at points not less than 25 mm from the longitudinal edges and not less than 200 mm from either end of the plate. Only a section between two points of contact between the straightedge and the plate shall be considered. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 38

39 Flatness area Fig. 1 Deviation from flatness 2.6 Out-of-squareness Out-of-squareness u (see Fig.2), is the vertical projection of a cross edge on a longitudinal edge. Fig. 2 Out-of-squareness The out-of-squareness shall not exceed 1% of the actual width of the sheet/strips. 2.7 Edge Camber The edge camber (q) (see Fig.3), is the maximum deviation of a longitudinal edge from a straight edge measuring base to applied to it. The camber is measured on the concave edge. The edge camber shall not exceed 0,2 % of the actual length of the sheet/plate. Fig.3 Edge camber Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 39

40 Tolerances for Cold Rolled Steel and Electrogalvanized 1 Reference Norm EN Tolerances 2.1 Thickness The thickness may be measured at any point located more than 40 mm from the edges. In the case of slit coils or cut lengths having a width of 80 mm or below, the position of the measurement shall be at the middle axis. The tolerances on thickness shall be given in tables 1 and 2 and apply over the whole length. Table 1: Tolerances on thickness (mm), for steel grades with a specified minimum yield strength: Re < 260 MPa 1 Nominal thickness Normal tolerances for a nominal width w: a) 1200 > > Special tolerances (S) for a nominal width w: a) > > 1500 = 0,35 a 0,40 ± 0,03 ± 0,04 0,05 ± 0,020 ± 0,025 0,030 > 0,40 a 0,60 ± 0,03 ± 0,04 ± 0,05 ± 0,025 ± 0,030 ± 0,035 > 0,60 a 0,80 ± 0,04 ± 0,05 ± 0,06 ± 0,030 ± 0,035 ± 0,040 > 0,80 a 1,00 ± 0,05 ± 0,06 ± 0,07 ± 0,035 ± 0,040 ± 0,050 > 1,00 a 1,20 ± 0,06 ± 0,07 ± 0,08 ± 0,040 ± 0,050 ± 0,060 > 1,20 a 1,60 ± 0,08 ± 0,09 ± 0,10 ± 0,050 ± 0,060 ± 0,070 > 1,60 a 2,00 ± 0,10 ± 0,11 ± 0,12 ± 0,060 ± 0,070 ± 0,080 > 2,00 a 2,50 ± 0,12 ± 0,13 ± 0,14 ± 0,080 ± 0,090 ± 0,100 > 2,50 a 3,00 ± 0,15 ± 0,15 ± 0,16 ± 0,100 ± 0,110 ± 0,120 a) The thickness tolerances in the region of cold rolled welds may be increased by a maximum of 50% over a length of 10 m. This increase is applicable to all thickness and, unless otherwise agreed at the time of order, to normal and special tolerances over or under. 1 1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2 Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 40

41 Table 2: Tolerances on thickness (mm), for steel grades with a specified minimum yield strength: 260 MPa Re < 340 MPa 1 Nominal thickness Normal tolerances for a nominal width w 1200 > > Special tolerances (S) for a nominal width w a) > > 1500 = 0,35 a 0,40 ± 0,04 ± 0,05 0,06 ± 0,025 ± 0,030 0,035 > 0,40 a 0,60 ± 0,04 ± 0,05 ± 0,06 ± 0,030 ± 0,035 ± 0,040 > 0,60 a 0,80 ± 0,05 ± 0,06 ± 0,07 ± 0,035 ± 0,040 ± 0,050 > 0,80 a 1,00 ± 0,06 ± 0,07 ± 0,08 ± 0,040 ± 0,050 ± 0,060 > 1,00 a 1,20 ± 0,07 ± 0,08 ± 0,10 ± 0,050 ± 0,060 ± 0,070 > 1,20 a 1,60 ± 0,09 ± 0,11 ± 0,12 ± 0,060 ± 0,070 ± 0,080 > 1,60 a 2,00 ± 0,12 ± 0,13 ± 0,14 ± 0,070 ± 0,080 ± 0,100 > 2,00 a 2,50 ± 0,14 ± 0,15 ± 0,16 ± 0,100 ± 0,110 ± 0,120 > 2,50 a 3,00 ± 0,17 ± 0,18 ± 0,18 ± 0,120 ± 0,130 ± 0,140 a) The thickness tolerances in the region of cold rolled welds may be increased by a maximum of 50% over a length of 10 m. This increase is applicable to all thickness and, unless otherwise agreed at the time of order, to normal and special tolerances over or under. 2.2 Width (B) The width must be measured perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the product or processing. (B) Table 3: Tolerances on width of sheet and wide strip (mm) Normal tolerances Special tolerances (S) Nominal width Under Over Under Over > > Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 41

42 Table 4: Tolerances on slit wide strip of width less than 600 mm. (mm) Tolerances class Normal Special (S) Nominal thickness Nominal width < < < < 600 Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over < 0, , , , ,0 0,6 a < 1, , , , ,2 1,0 a < 2, , , , ,4 2,0 a 3, , , , ,6 < 0, , , , ,5 0,6 a < 1, , , , ,6 1,0 a < 2, , , , ,7 2,0 a 3, , , , ,8 2.3 Length (C) The length must be measured along the longitudinal axis of the product or processing. (C) Table 5: Tolerances on length (mm) Normal tolerances Special tolerances (S) Nominal length Under Over Under Over < ,3 % of the length 0 0,15 % of the length 2.4 Flatness The tolerance on flatness is the maximum permitted distance between the sheet and the horizontal surface on which it is placed. The measurement of waviness is only made on sheet edges. The flatness tolerances apply only to sheet. If the sheet is ordered non-skin passed only the normal tolerances are applicable. Flatness tolerances closer than special tolerances may be agreed at the time of the order. Flatness area a = 200 mm for normal tolerances on flatness a a Fig. 1 Deviation from flatness Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 42

43 2.4.1 Steel grades with specified minimum yield strength Re < 260 MPa Flatness tolerances for these steel grades shall be as given in Table 6. When these steel grades are ordered with the special tolerances given in table 6, in case of dispute it is necessary to verify that the wave height of any edge wave of length over 200 mm is always less than: 1 % of its length for a nominal sheet width < 1500 mm; 1,5 % of its length for a nominal sheet width = 1500 mm. If the length of an edge wave is less than 200 mm it is necessary to verify that its maximum height does not exceed 2 mm. Table 6: Flatness tolerances (mm), for steel grades with a specified minimum yield strength Re < 260 MPa. Tolerance class Nominal width Nominal thickness <0,7 0,7 <1,2 1,2 < Normal 600 < < < < < Special (FS) < Height of edge wave of length over 200 mm must be less than 1% of its length. Height of edge wave of length over 200 mm must be less than 1,5% of its length. For edge waves of length less than 200 mm, the maximum height must not exceed 2 mm Steel grades with specified minimum yield strength 260 MPa Re < 340 MPa Flatness tolerances for these steel grades shall be as given in Table 7. Flatness tolerances for widths less than 600 mm shall to agreed at the time of the order. Table 7: Flatness tolerances for high yield strength steel sheet with specified minimum yield strength (mm) (260 Re < 340 N/mm 2 ) Nominal thickness Tolerance class Nominal width < 0,7 0,7 < 1,2 1,2 Normal 600 < Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 43

44 Special < < < Note: For steel grades with specified minimum yield strength Re 340 N/mm 2, the values for flatness tolerances shall be specified at the time of the order. 2.5 Out-of-squareness The out-of-squareness u, (see Fig.2), is the orthogonal projection of transverse edge over a longitudinal edge. The out-of-squareness shall not exceed 1% of the actual width of the sheet. Fig.2 Out-of-squareness 2.6 Edge camber Edge camber (q), (see Fig.3), is the maximum distance between a longitudinal edge and a straight edge supported on the latter. Edge camber shall be measured on the concave edge. The basis of measurement shall be a distance of 2 m taken at any point on the edge. In the case of sheets and cut lengths with a length less than 2 m, the basis measurement shall be equal to their length. The edge camber shall not exceed 5 mm over a length of 2 m. For lengths less than 2 metres, the edge camber shall not exceed 0,25 % of the actual length. For slit wide strip of width less than 600 mm a special edge camber tolerance (CS) of 2 mm maximum on a 2 m length may be specified. This special edge camber tolerance is not applicable to slit wide strip of high yield strength steels. Fig.3 Edge camber Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 44

45 Tolerances Coated Steel - Galvanized 1 Reference Norm NP EN Tolerances 2.1 Thickness The tolerances on thickness are given in Table 1. Table 1: Tolerances on thickness (mm), for hot-dip metal coated flat products of all low carbon steels for cold forming (e.g. as specified in EN 10346) and of structural steels with the minimum yield strength values < 280 N/mm 2. (Including steel grades Fe E 550G or S 550GD). Nominal Normal tolerances for nominal widths 1) Special tolerances (S) for nominal widths thickness 1) 1200 > > > >1500 0,40 ± 0,05 ± 0,06 - ± 0,03 ± 0,04 - >0,40 0,60 ± 0,06 ± 0,07 ± 0,08 ± 0,04 ± 0,05 ± 0,06 >0,60 0,80 ± 0,07 ± 0,08 ± 0,09 ± 0,05 ± 0,06 ± 0,06 >0,80 1,00 ± 0,08 ± 0,09 ± 0,10 ± 0,06 ± 0,07 ± 0,07 >1,00 1,20 ± 0,09 ± 0,10 ± 0,11 ± 0,07 ± 0,08 ± 0,08 >1,20 1,60 ± 0,11 ± 0,12 ± 0,12 ± 0,08 ± 0,09 ± 0,09 >1,60 2,00 ± 0,13 ± 0,14 ± 0,14 ± 0,09 ± 0,10 ± 0,10 >2,00 2,50 ± 0,15 ± 0,16 ± 0,16 ± 0,11 ± 0,12 ± 0,12 >2,50 3,00 ± 017 ± 0,18 ± 0,18 ± 0,12 ± 0,13 ± 0,13 1 ) In the case of wide and slit wide strip, the thickness tolerances in the region of cold-rolled welds shall be increased by max. 60% over a length of 15 m. Table 2: Tolerances on thickness (mm), for hot-dip metal coated flat products of structural steels with minimum yield strength values 280 N/mm 2. (but excluding steel grades Fe E 550G or S 550GD). Nominal Normal tolerances for nominal widths 1) Special tolerances (S) for nominal widths thickness 1) 1200 > > > >1500 0,40 ± 0,06 ± 0,07 - ± 0,04 ± 0,05 - >0,40 0,60 ± 0,07 ± 0,08 ± 0,09 ± 0,05 ± 0,06 ± 0,07 >0,60 0,80 ± 0,08 ± 0,09 ± 0,11 ± 0,06 ± 0,07 ± 0,07 >0,80 1,00 ± 0,09 ± 0,11 ± 0,12 ± 0,07 ± 0,08 ± 0,08 >1,00 1,20 ± 0,11 ± 0,12 ± 0,13 ± 0,08 ± 0,09 ± 0,09 >1,20 1,60 ± 0,13 ± 0,14 ± 0,14 ± 0,09 ± 0,11 ± 0,11 >1,60 2,00 ± 0,15 ± 0,15 ± 0,17 ± 0,11 ± 0,12 ± 0,12 >2,00 2,50 ± 0,18 ± 0,18 ± 0,19 ± 0,13 ± 0,14 ± 0,14 >2,50 3,00 ± 0,20 ± 0,20 ± 0,21 ± 0,14 ± 0,15 ± 0,15 1 ) In the case of wide and slit wide strip, the thickness tolerances in the region of cold-rolled welds shall be increased by max. 60% over a length of 15 m. 2.2 Width (B) The width must be measured perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the product or processing. (B) Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 45

46 Table 3: Tolerances on width for hot-dip metal coated flat products with nominal widths 600 mm (wide strip and sheet) Normal tolerances Special tolerances (S) Nominal width Lower Upper Lower Upper > > Table 4: Tolerances on width for hot-dip metal-coated flat products with nominal widths < 600 mm (slit wide strip and cut lengths) Tolerance class Normal Special (S) Nominal thickness Nominal width < < < < 600 Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper < 0, , , , ,0 0,6 a < 1, , , , ,2 1,0 a < 2, , , , ,4 2,0 a 3, , , , ,6 < 0, , , , ,5 0,6 a < 1, , , , ,6 1,0 a < 2, , , , ,7 2,0 a 3, , , , ,8 2.3 Length (C) The length must be measured along the longitudinal axis of the product or processing. (C) Table 5: Tolerances on length (mm). Tolerances on length Nominal length Normal Special (S) Lower Upper Lower Upper < ,003 X length 0 0,0015 X length 2.4 Flatness The tolerances on flatness is the maximum permitted distance between the sheet and the horizontal surface on which it is placed. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 46

47 Flatness area a = 200 mm for normal tolerances on flatness a = 100 mm for special tolerances on flatness a a Fig. 1 Deviation from flatness Table 6: Flatness tolerances (mm), for hot-dip metal-coated sheet of low carbon steels for cold forming (e.g. as specified in EN 10346) and of structural steels with minimum yield strength values < 280 N/mm 2. Tolerance classes Normal Special (FS) Nominal width Nominal thickness < 0,7 0,7 < 1,2 1,2 600 < < < < Table 7: Flatness tolerances (mm), for hot-dip metal-coated sheet of structural steels with minimum yield strength values 280 N/mm 2 < 360 N/mm 2 Tolerance classes Nominal width Nominal thickness <0,7 0,7 <1,2 1,2 600 < Normal < < Special (FS) < Out-of-squareness The out-of-squareness u, (see Fig.2), is the orthogonal projection of transverse edge over a longitudinal edge. The out-of-squareness shall not exceed 1% of the actual width of the sheet. Fig.2 Out-of-squareness Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 47

48 2.6 Edge camber Edge camber (q), (see Fig.3), is the maximum distance between a longitudinal edge and a straight edge supported on the latter. Edge camber shall be measured on the concave edge. The basis of measurement shall be a distance of 2 m taken at any point on the edge. In the case of sheets and cut lengths with a length less than 2 m, the basis measurement shall be equal to their length. Unless otherwise agreed the edge camber shall not exceed 6 mm over a length of 2 m. For lengths less than 2 m, the edge camber shall not exceed 0,3% of the actual length. For slit wide of widths less than 600 mm a special edge camber tolerance (CS) of 2 mm maximum on a 2 m length may be specified. This special tolerance is not applicable to slit wide strip of steels with a specified minimum yield strength value 280 N/mm 2. Fig.3 Edge camber Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 48

49 Services GAVEX has four Cutting Lines in its installations: two Slitting Lines and two Cut-To-Length Lines with Levelling. The available service consists of: longitudinal and/or transversal cut of strips and/or sheets with widths up to 2050 mm and thicknesses between 0,35 mm to 8.0 mm. The Company is also qualified to provide complete Cutting and Processing System in collaboration with different customers. The customer could provide the steel to be processed. Slitting line - Strips Slitting lines Cutting services have the following dimensional capacities: Strips Thickness 6.0 mm Width mm Slitting Line 1 Thickness Coil Maximum width Coil Inner Diameter at exit Slitting Line 2 Thickness Coil Maximum Width Coil Inner Diameter at exit 0,35 a 3,00 mm mm 510mm 0,5 a 6,00 mm mm 510mm Cut To-Length - Sheets Cut-To-Length Lines Cutting services have the following dimensional capacities: Sheets Thickness 8.0 mm Length mm Width mm Cut-To-Length 1 Thickness Coil Maximum Width Cut-To-Length 2 Thickness Coil Maximum Width 0,35 a 3,00 mm mm 1,50 a 8,00 mm mm Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 49

50 Packaging Sheets Placed upon wooden bar (Hot rolled/floor Plates) Placed upon wooden bar with polyethylene covering (Cold rolled, Pickled and Oiled, Electrogalvanized, Galvanized and Organic coated) Current weight to sheets with lengths up 3000 mm: Cold rolled, Electrogalvanized, Galvanized/ Organic coated: ( kg) Hot rolled/ Pickled and oiled /Floor Plates: ( Kg) Strips Placed upon palettes, vertical axis, to strip width up 390 mm. Placed upon palettes, horizontal axis, to strip width 390 mm. Paper and extensible plastic covering (Cold rolled, Hot rolled, Pickled and Oiled). Extensible plastic covering (Electrogalvanized, Galvanized/ Organic coated). Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 50

51 Symbols and Abbreviations Tables Products Type LAF Cold Rolled LQDO Hot Rolled Pickled and Oiled LAQ Hot Rolled ELE Coated steel - Electrogalvanized Zinc Coated steel - galvanized Mechanical Properties A80 Elongation (L0 = 80 mm) Re Yield strength HRB Hardness - Rockwell B - d = 0.80 mm Rm Tensile strength KV Resilience r Plastic strain ratio Ra Roughness Chemical Composition Al Aluminium S Sulphur CEV Equivalent Carbon Si Silicon Cu Copper Ti Titanium Mn Manganese C Carbon P Phosphorus N Nitrogen Coating +AS + Aluminium Covering Silicon +ZE + Electrogalvanized zinc coating +AZ + Aluzinc Covering +ZF + Hot dip galvanized zinc-iron coating +Z + Hot dip galvanized zinc coating +ZN + Electrogalvanized zinc-nickel coating +AZ +Aluminium-zinc coating Aluzinc Elongation (A80) - When a material is tested for tensile strength it elongates a certain amount before fracture takes place. The two pieces are placed together and the amount of extension is measured against marks made before starting the test and is expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length. Elastic deformation (E) - Deformation that is not permanent, in other words, that it is totally recovered when it is stopped applying the load or tension that it provokes the deformation. Plastic deformation (E) - plastic deformation is not recoverable, i.e. the change is permanent. Hardness - it measures the resistance that a material offers when force is applied by other material. Tension (σ) - Is a force applied by stretched string on the objects which stretch it, being measured as the applied force by unit of area. Resilience (KV) - is defined as the capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and then, upon unloading to have this energy recovered. In other words, it is the maximum energy per volume that can be elastically stored. Traction (F) is a strength applied to a body, according to one axis, in a way to produce an extension in the direction of the axis. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 51

52 Theoretical weights of the Flat steel (kg/plate) Estimates based ON SPECIFIC weight of 8 kg/dm 3 Sheets (mm) Thickness (mm) 2000 x x x x x x ,40 6, , , ,60 9, , ,70 11,2 17,5 25, ,80 12, , ,90 14,4 22,5 32, , ,10 17,6 27,5 39, ,20 19, , ,40 22, , , , ,60 25, , ,80 28, , , ,20 35, , , , ,80 44, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Note: All these weights are by approximation, due to dimensional tolerances. Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 52

53 Conversion Tables Length Units 1 inch 25.40mm 1 foot (=12 inches) cm 1 yard (=3 feet) m 1 terrestrial mile m 1 centímeter (cm) inch 1 meter (m) inches = feet 1 Kilometer (km) miles = yards Surface Units 1 square inch (sq. inch) cm 2 = mm 2 1 square foot (sq. ft) m 2 1 square yard m 2 1 acre ares 1 square mile 2.59 Km 2 1 square millimeter (mm 2 ) sq. inch 1 square centimeter (cm 2 ) sq. inch 1square meter (m 2 ) sq. feet = sq. yard 1 are (100 m 2 ) sq. yards 1 hectare ( m 2 ) acres Capacity Units 1 pint l 1 gallon (UK) l 1 gallon (USA) l 1 bushel l 1 l pint 1 cubic meter (m 3 ) cubic feet 1 cubic foot cubic meter (m 3 ) Other Equivalences 1 Mega Pascal (MPa) 1 Newton/mm2 (N/mm 2 ) 1 Newton/mm 2 0,10 Kgforce/mm 2 Cat.P.S./0l 08/07 I 53

54 Flat Services and Products Catalogue Summary of Flat Steel Technical Specifications Cat. P.S./0l 10/11 page 54