ADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES

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1 ADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN: Published BYAENSI Publication EISSN: April 11(4): pages Open Access Journal Mechanical Properties of Aluminium LM4 Metal Matrix Reinforced with Nano Boron Carbide 1 Dr. B. Stalin, 2 S. Arivukkarasan, 3 P. Marish Kumar 1 Assistant Professor/Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Regional campus, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Associate Proffessor/ Department of Mechanical Engineering, SACS M.A.V.M.M Engineering College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. 3 PG Scholar Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Regional Campus, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Received 28 January 2017; Accepted 22 April 2017; Available online 1 May 2017 Address For Correspondence: Dr. B. Stalin, Assistant Professor/Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Regional campus, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Stalin1312@gmail.com Copyright 2017 by authors and American-Eurasian Network for ScientificInformation (AENSI Publication). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). ABSTRACT This project deals with the fabrication of 5, 10, 15% of nano boron carbide reinforcement with aluminium LM4 metal matrix by liquid stir casting and the fabricated composites are tested under ASTM standard for hardness, impact and tensile strength. The results are compared with the base metal. This project deals with the characterisation of Aluminium LM4 reinforced with nano Boron Carbide composites. Composites are fabricated through stir casting technique. The mechanical property, tensile strength is evaluated for all the weight percentage composite samples. The combination of aluminium LM4 with nano boron carbide has increased the tensile strength of the base metal. KEYWORDS: Aluminium LM4; Stir casting; nano boron carbide; Mecanical properties INTRODUCTION Presently, aluminium based reinforced metal matrix composites have huge demand and keen attention by researchers due to its light weight, high strength and high stiffness. Aluminium metal matrix finds a wide range of applications in aerospace, automotive, marine, rail etc. SiC and Al 2O 3 are the most commonly used ceramic materials for the reinforcement of Aluminium. A perfect replacement of the reinforcement materials SiC and Al 2O 3 could be Boron Carbide due its high hardness. Nano materials are the cornerstones of nano science and nano technology. Nano structured science and technology is a broad and interdisciplinary area of research and development activities that has been growing explosively worldwide in past few years. It has the potential for revolutionizing the way in which the material and the products are created. It is already having the significant commercial impact which will assuredly increase in future. Reinforcement of nano materials in the aluminium matrix will increase the mechanical properties of the material considerably. Aluminium metal matrix can be fabricated through various methods such as liquid stir casting, powder metallurgy, spray deposition etc. Each fabrication method has different unique way for the fabrication. Based on the study of literature, liquid stir casting method is the most economical and suitable method for the fabrication of aluminium metal matrix composites. The reinforcement material binds together with the matrix material to carry the load and distributes the load to the individual reinforcemnt. The characterization of micro structures of the composite is necessary as the interface between the matrix material and the reinforcement material plays an important role in the metal matrix properties. The mechanical properties of the aluminium metal matrix ToCite ThisArticle: Dr. B. Stalin, S. Arivukkarasan, P. Marish Kumar., Mechanical Properties of Aluminium LM4 Metal Matrix Reinforced with Nano Boron Carbide. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(4); Pages:

2 480 Dr. B. Stalin et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(4) April 2017, Pages: composites can be increased by decreasing the size of the reinforcement material to nanometer. The objective of this work is to produce Al [LM4] B4C nano composites with different proportion of Boron Carbide, using liquid stir casting method. The fabricated composites were examined for structural and mechanical properties. MATERIAL AND METHOD A. Matrix material: The selection of material is based on the properties, cost and the area of application where it is needed. In metal matrix composites, mostly pure aluminium are being used for its light weight and good corrosive resistance. Aluminium cast alloys have a great scope and application in the current scenario. Aluminium LM4 is selected as the base material which has high static load that are anticipated and creep extinction at elevated high temperature. This cast alloy conforms to BS 1490:1988 standards which contains silicon as the major constituent. Table 1: Chemical composition of COMPOSITION WEIGHT % SILICON 5.2 COPPER 3.0 ZINC 0.5 IRON 0.4 MANGANESE 0.15 NICKEL 0.5 TITANIUM 0.2 MAGNESIUM 0.3 LEAD 0.1 OTHERS 0.05 ALUMINIUM Remaining The above table illustrates the chemical composition of the aluminium LM4. Table 2: Physical properties of S.No Properties Values 1 Thermal Conductivity( C) Density (g/cm3) Freezing Range ( C) 525 B. Reinforcement material: Boron Carbide (B 4C) is one of the hardest man made materials available. Above 1300 C it is even harder than diamond and cubic boron nitride. Boron carbide ceramics have mechanical properties similar to those of silicon carbide ceramics, but have even greater wear resistance. Because of its hardness, together with its very low density. Table 3: Physical properties of B 4C S.No Properties Value 1 Melting Point(K) Density(g/cm 3 ) Thermal Conductivity(W/mk) C. Stir Casting: Based on literature study, availability and cost, stir casting method is preferred than powder metallurgy. The stir casting setup is shown in the below diagram.

3 481 Dr. B. Stalin et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(4) April 2017, Pages: Fig. 1: Stir Casting Equipment The main component of the casting system is the tilting furnace. The crucible inside the furnace is made of silicon carbide and the capacity is 5Kg. The temperature withstand of the crucible is upto 2500ᵒC. The stirrer is made of Inconel material which has the highest temperature capability. The stirrer is open stirrer. The maximum speed of the stirrer is 1400rpm. Muffle furnace is used for preheating the matrix material and reinforcement material. Weight percentage for 5,10, 15% of B 4C are calculated and cylindrical rods for all weight percentage are to be fabricated. Materials are preheated upto 300ᵒC in a graphite crucible inside the muffle furnace. Then the matrix material is melted upto 850ᵒC. Then the preheated reinforcement material is added with the melted matrix material in the furnace. Flux is added to remove the slag from the materials. Fig. 2: Muffle Furnace Then the stirrer is inserted into the crucible and the speed is maintained at 800rpm. Finally, the molten composite material is poured into the mould of size 20mm * 250mm and the required composite rod is fabricated.

4 482 Dr. B. Stalin et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(4) April 2017, Pages: Fig. 3: Fabricated composite Experimental Results: A. Testing of Composites: Tensile Strength: One of the most important test of the mechanical properties is tensile strength. Tensile strength is nothing but an external load applied from both the ends of the sample. Tensile strength of different sample weight proportion composites was tested using universal testing machine. The specimens are prepared as per ASTM E8 standard. The tensile strength of the compositions is described in the table below: Table 3: Tensile properties of composites Sample No. Sample Name Tensile strength in M.Pa % B 4C % B 4C % B 4C Fig. 4: Tensile Strength From the graph it is identified that the tensile strength of the sample with 15% reinforcement of nano B 4C is higher than other two reinforcement sample of 5% nano B 4C and 10% nano B 4C. Conclusions: The conclusions of metal matrix reinforced with nano boron carbide are as follows: nano B 4C composites are produced by stir casting technique with different weight percentage composition (5,10,15) of reinforcement of nano boron carbide.

5 483 Dr. B. Stalin et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(4) April 2017, Pages: Fabrication of the Al LM- B 4C composites were produced successfully. Mechanical property tensile strength was conducted successfully. The tensile strength of the Aluminium Nano Boron carbide composites increases with the increase in amount of reinforcement material. It is found to be that tensile strength is maximum for 15% weight of B 4C. REFERENCES 1. Arockia Jaswin, M., M.D. Antony Arul Prakash and K. Vignesh, Development and analysis of aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites, International journal of advances in engineering, 1(3): Aruna, M., V. Anbumalar, S. Arivukkarasan and V. Dhanalakshmi, Assessment of Mechanical Behaviour of Hybrid Sisal Reinforced Composites, Pensee Journal, 76(4). 3. Auradi, V., G.I. Rajesh and S.A. Korib, Processing B 4C particulate reinforced 6061 aluminium matrix composites by melt stirring involving two step addition, Procedia Materials Science, 6: Autar, K. Kaw, Mechanics of Composite Materials Second Edition, published by CRC press, Taylor and Francis group. 5. Baradeswaran, A. and A. Elaya Perumal, 'Influence of B 4 C on the tribological and mechanical properties of Al 7075 B 4 C composites', Composites Part B: Engineering, 54: Hossein Abdizadeh., Reza Ebrahimifard and Mohammad Amin Baghchesara, Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of nano MgO reinforced Al composites manufactured by stir casting and powder metallurgy methods: A comparative study, Composites Part B, 56: Rajkumar, K., S. Santosh, S. Javed Syed Ibrahim and A. Gnanavelbabu, Effect of electrical discharge machining parameters on microwave heat treated aluminium-boron carbide-graphite composites, Procedia Engineering, 97: Karabulut Sener., Halil Karakoc. and Ramazan Cıtak, Influence of B 4C particle reinforcement on mechanical and machining properties of Al6061/B 4C composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, 101: Manoj Singla., Deepak Dwivedi., Lakhvir Singh and Vikas Chawla, Development of aluminium based silicon carbide particulate metal matrix composite, Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 8(06): Muhammad Hayat Jokhio., Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar. and Mukhtiar Ali Unar, Manufacturing of Aluminum Composite Material Using Stir Casting Process,.Mehran University Research Journal Of Engineering & Technology, 30(1): Narayan, W., Mannurkar and Prasad U. Raikar, Investigation of dry sliding wear behaviour of LM4 (Al Si5Cu3) T6 / LM6 (Al-Sil2)-m using taguchi approach, International research journal of engineering and technology(irjet), 02: Pradeep, R., Evaluation of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy 7075 reinforced with silicon carbide and red mud composite, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 2(6): Pradeep Sharma., Satpal Sharma. and Dinesh Khanduja, A study on microstructure of aluminium matrix composites, Journal of Asian Ceramic Socities, 3: Ramo Rao., and G. Padmanabhan, Fabrication and mechanical properties of aluminium-boron carbide composites, International Journal of Materials and Biomaterials Applications, 2(3): Vandersluis, E., A. Lombardi, C. Ravindran, A. Bois-Brochu, F. Chiesa and R. MacKay, Factors influencing thermal conductivity and mechanical properties in 319 Al alloy cylinder heads. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 648: Vengatesh, D. and V. Chandramohan, Aluminium Alloy Metal matrix composite: Survey paper, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Sciences, 2: Vinitha. and B.S. Motgi, Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Al 7075 Alloy, Flyash, SiC and Redmud Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites, International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, 2(07): Ziyang Xiu. And Wenshu Yang, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 45 vol.% Si Cp / 7075 Al composite, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 1: 1-5.