Contents. Part I Introduction to Medical Ceramics
|
|
- Amanda Ford
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Contents Part I Introduction to Medical Ceramics 1 History, Market and Classification of Bioceramics Bioceramics Classification of Bioceramics Biopassive (Bioinert) and Bioactive Materials Mechanisms of Bioactivity Formation of a Silica-Rich Surface Layer Direct Precipitation of Apatite Protein Mediation Biopassive Ceramics Bioactive Ceramics Resorbable Bioceramics Currently Used Glasses and Glass Ceramics Bioactive Glasses Glass Ceramics Dental Ceramics Selection Criteria of Ceramics for Medical Applications Biocompatibility Radioactivity Esthetics Refractive Index Chemical Solubility Mechanical Properties Tensile Strength Flexural Strength Biaxial Flexural Strength Fracture Toughness Microhardness Machinability ix
2 x Contents 2.7 Thermal Behavior Thermal Expansion Differential Thermal Analysis Grouping of Ions in Ceramic Solids Ceramic Solids The Structure of the Atom Formation of Ions and Ionic Compounds The Ionic Size Coordination Number Electronegativity Bonding of Ions in Ceramic Solids The Ionic Bond Strength Prediction of the Ionic Packing Structure Stability of the Coordination Structure Solid Solutions Model of Solid Solutions The Feldspar Solid Solution Using Rules of Ions Grouping The Basic Structural Units of Silicates Neosilicates (Single Tetrahedra) Sorosilicates (Double Tetrahedra) Cyclosilicates (Ring Silicates) Inosilicates (Chain Structure Silicates) Phyllosilicates (Sheet Structure Silicates) Tectosilicates (Framework Silicates) Further Reading Part II Manufacturing of Medical Glasses 4 Formulation of Medical Glasses Glass Chemical Compositions The Glass Stoichiometry Factors Affecting the Glass Stoichiometry Industrial Factors Affecting Glass Stoichiometry Replacement of Oxygen by Fluorine in Glass Chemical Compositions Information Needed for Glass Calculations Calculation of Glass Chemical Compositions Glass Chemical Composition in wt% (Weight Composition) Information Needed for Calculation Steps of Calculation of the Glass Chemical Composition in wt%... 64
3 Contents xi 4.9 Glass Chemical Composition in mol% (The Molar Composition) Definition of a Mole Steps of Calculation of the Chemical Composition in mol% Conversion of Molar Composition (mol%) to Weight Composition (wt%) Conversion of Weight Composition (wt%) to Molar Composition (mol%) Calculation of the Glass Chemical Composition of K-Fluorrichterite Information Needed for Calculation Steps of Calculation of the Glass Chemical Composition in mol% Conversion of Molar Composition to Weight Composition Templates for Conversion of Glass of Molar Composition to Weight Composition Glass Batch Calculations Reaction and Decomposition of Raw Materials Metal Carbonates Metal Hydroxides Borax and Boric Acid Method of Calculation Glass Batch Compositions Batch Calculation for Stoichiometric Canasite Glass Batch Calculation for Stoichiometric Fluorrichterite Glass Further Reading Theoretical Estimation of Glass Properties Importance of Estimation Additives Law Calculation of Glass Density Factors for Calculating the Glass density Calculation of Density Change with Compositional Variation Calculation of the Refractive Index of a Glass Definition of the Refractive Index Calculation of the Refractive Indices for Glasses with Known Density Estimation of the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of a Glass Definition of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Coating a Glass to a Metal Substrate Estimation of the Thermal Expansion from Glass Chemical Composition Further Reading... 92
4 xii Contents 6 Design and Raw Materials of Medical Glasses Design of Glass Composition Raw Materials for Glass Feldspars Fluxing Agent Silica (SiO 2 ) Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) Other Glass Raw Materials Melting of Glass Batches The Glass Structure and Conditions of Glass Formation Glass Shaping into Block as Glass Ceramic Precursors Transformation Range of Glass and Annealing of Glass Blocks References Part III Manufacturing of Medical Glass Ceramics 7 Design of Medical Glass-Ceramics Glass Ceramic Fabrication Mechanisms of Nucleation and Crystallization Bulk/Volume Nucleation Surface Nucleation and Crystallization Selection of Glass Compositions for Glass Ceramics Processing Optimum Heat Treatment Conditions Prediction of the Proper Glass Heat Treatment Schedule Glasses Crystallizing via Bulk Volume Crystallization Glass Crystallizing via Surface Crystallization Mechanism Glasses Crystallizing by Both Mechanisms: Surface and Volume Crystallization Interpretation of a Differential Thermal Analysis Curve Interpretation of Thermal Expansion Curves Significant Points on the Thermal Expansion Curve Dependency of the TEC on Heat Treatment Physical Changes Due to Crystallization The Impact of Environment on Choosing the Right Glass Ceramic Chemical Solubility of Glass-Ceramics The Chemical Solubility of Canasite Further Reading
5 Contents xiii 8 Microstructural Optimization of Glass Ceramics Ceramic Microstructures Crystalline Shapes, Forms, and Habits Development of Glass Ceramic Microstructures Adjustment of Microstructure The b-spodumene/fluorophlogopite System Leucite Fluorophlogopite Glass Ceramics Fluorcanasite Dental Glass Ceramics Further Reading Development of Colour and Fluorescence in Medical Glass Ceramics Coloured Glasses Coloured Glass Ceramics Colourants Based on Spinel Structure Fluorescing Oxide Additives Uranium Oxides Cerium and Terbium Oxides Europium Compounds The Colour Evaluation Measurement of Colour Quantitative Measurement of Translucency or Opacity The Masking Ability of Veneering Ceramics Metamerism Fluorescing Glass Ceramics Development of Colours and Florescence in UV Regions Metamerism in Glass Ceramics: The Problem and Solution Opalescence References Part IV Models of Dentally Used Glass Ceramics 10 Leucite Glass-Ceramics Industrial Importance of Synthetic Leucite The K 2 O Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 Phase Diagram and Related Systems Chemical Compositions of Leucite Ceramics The Surface Crystallization Mechanism of Leucite Crystalline Structure of Leucite Crystalline Leucite Phases Tetragonal Leucite Glass-Ceramics Cubic Leucite Glass-Ceramics Pollucite Glass-Ceramics
6 xiv Contents 10.7 Criteria for Choosing the Compositions of Ceramic Coatings Design of Glass-Ceramic Veneers for Metal Substructures How to Modify Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Ceramic Coating Opacity Development in Veneering Glass-Ceramics Microstructural Optimization of Low Fusion Leucite Ceramics Classification of Leucite Dental Glass-Ceramics Glass-Ceramic Veneers for Metal or Ceramic Substructures Low Fusion Leucite Glass-Ceramics for Coating Gold Alloys Yellow Coloration in the Leucite Ceramics References Machinable Mica Dental Glass-Ceramics Mica Glass-Ceramics Industrial Importance of Synthetic Mica History of Synthetic Mica Crystalline Structure of Mica Structure of Fluorophlogopite Chemical Reactions of Mica and Mica Related Phase Diagrams MgO MgF 2 SiO 2 System Chemical Compositions of Mica Glass-Ceramics Development of Mica Glass-Ceramics Microstructures The Crystallization of Tetrasilicic Mica The Crystallization of Fluorophlogopite (Trisilicic Mica) Glass-Ceramics Scientific and Technical Problems Encountered in Synthetic Mica Glass-Ceramics for Dental Applications References Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics Advantages of Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics Crystallization of Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics Crystalline Phase Development Mechanism of Crystallization Chemical Composition of Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics The Properties of Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics Problems Encountered with Lithium Disilicate Further Reading
7 Contents xv Part V Bioactive Glass and Bioactive Glass Ceramics 13 Bioactive Glasses Nature of Bioactive Glass Chemical Composition of Bioactive Glasses Properties of Bioactive Glasses Bioactivity of Bioactive Glasses Further Reading Models of Bioactive Glass Ceramics Apatite Glass Ceramics Apatite Wollastonite Glass-Ceramics Apatite Fluorophlogopite Glass-Ceramics Apatite-Mullite Glass-Ceramics Fluorocanasite Glass Ceramics Potassium Fluorrichterite Glass-Ceramics References Index
8
Chapter 2 Selection Criteria of Ceramics for Medical Applications
Chapter 2 Selection Criteria of Ceramics for Medical Applications 2.1 Biocompatibility Biocompatibility relates to the actions of the biomaterials when brought in contact with the living tissues and how
More informationThe advantages and use of ceramics in medicine
The advantages and use of ceramics in medicine G. Carl Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Otto-Schott-Institut (now with JSJ Jodeit GmbH Jena) ORTHOSONIC CERAMIC CONFERENCE Saturday 6 th July 2002 bioceramics
More informationALL-CERAMIC MATERIALS
ALL-CERAMIC MATERIALS The Comprehensive Guide R-Dent Dental Laboratory 7490 Bartlett Corporate Cove West, Bartlett, TN 38133 901-372-8020 INDEX Page 3 The Importance of a Well-Informed Clinician Page 4
More informationBiocompatible. Chemically Inert Wear Resistant Esthetic
What are the advantages of ceramics restorative dental procedures? Biocompatible Jeffrey Y. Thompson DENT 211 - Fixed Prosthodontics II February 10, 2004 Chemically Inert Wear Resistant Esthetic What are
More informationMULLITE AND OTHER ALUMINO- SILICATE REFRACTORIES VIS-À-VIS ALUMINA - SILICA (AL2O3 - SIO2) BINARY PHASE DIAGRAM
MULLITE AND OTHER ALUMINO- SILICATE REFRACTORIES VIS-À-VIS ALUMINA - SILICA (AL2O3 - SIO2) BINARY PHASE DIAGRAM Alumino-Silicate Refractories Aluminosilicate or Alumino-Silicate minerals are the naturally
More informationcubic zirconia system
The (R)evolution cubic zirconia system Bending strength according to ISO 6872 > 720 MPa Fracture toughness according to ISO 6872 > 4,5 MPa m Translucency at a thickness of 0,6 mm 49 % 3420 Pharmacy Ave.
More informationcubic zirconia system
e ia Th on tion rc lu Zi vo )e (R cubic zirconia system Bending strength according to ISO 6872 Fracture toughness according to ISO 6872 Translucency at a thickness of 0,6 mm > 720 MPa > 4,5 MPa m 49 %
More informationCHAPTER 2: ATOMIC ARRANGEMENTS AND MINERALOGICAL STRUCTURES. Sarah Lambart
CHAPTER 2: ATOMIC ARRANGEMENTS AND MINERALOGICAL STRUCTURES Sarah Lambart RECAP CHAP. 1 Mineral: naturally occurring (always) a structure and a composition that give it defined macroscopic properties (always)
More informationNovel Glass-Ceramics for Dental Restorations
10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1011 Sarah Pollington REVIEW ARTICLE Sarah Pollington ABSTRACT Background: There are many different ceramic systems available on the market for dental restorations. Glass-ceramics
More informationCeramics are inorganic, non-metallic. Ceramics. Ceramics exhibit ionic, covalent bonding or a combination of the two (like in Al 2 O 3 )
What are Ceramics? CERAMIC MATERIALS Ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic and crystalline materials that are typically produced using clays and other minerals from the earth or chemically processed powders
More informationUnderstanding and selecting ceramics
Understanding and selecting ceramics This month, Chris Parker joins Philip Newsome, David Reaney and Siobhan Owen to look at one of the most common dilemmas facing dentists, namely ceramic selection The
More informationMechanical properties of commercial high strength ceramic core materials
Dental Materials (2004) 20, 207 212 http://www.intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/dema Mechanical properties of commercial high strength ceramic core materials A.S. Rizkalla a, *, D.W. Jones b a Division
More informationChapter 12: Structures & Properties of Ceramics
Chapter 12: Structures & Properties of Ceramics ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Review of structures for ceramics How are impurities accommodated in the ceramic lattice? In what ways are ceramic phase diagrams similar
More informationGrowth of Micro-Ikebana on a Floating Substrate: A Method to Monitor Local Supersaturation Levels
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. This journal is the Owner Societies 2015 Supporting Information Growth of Micro-Ikebana on a Floating Substrate: A Method
More informationTable of Contents. Chapter 1 Designing refractory castables. Chapter 2 Fundamentals on particle dispersion. Foreword
Table of Contents F.I.R.E. Foreword Preface xiii xv xvii Chapter 1 Designing refractory castables 1. Introduction 1 2. Refractory castables features 3 3. Book content overview 10 3.1. Fundamentals on particle
More informationName Class Date. Does it have a crystalline structure? Minerals are crystals. Each mineral has a certain crystal structure that is always the same.
CHAPTER 1 1 What Is a Mineral? SECTION Minerals of the Earth s Crust BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are minerals? What determines the shape
More informationRole of MgF 2 addition on high energy ball milled kalsilite: Implementation as dental porcelain with low temperature frit
Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2014, 3(4): 332 338 ISSN 2226-4108 DOI: 10.1007/s40145-014-0125-x CN 10-1154/TQ Research Article Role of MgF 2 addition on high energy ball milled kalsilite: Implementation
More informationIPS. Style. Scientific Documentation
IPS Style Scientific Documentation Contents 1 Introduction... 3 2 Material description... 5 2.1 Basic materials science of dental ceramic materials... 5 Basic raw materials... 5 Glass and ceramics Glass
More informationFabrication of Calcium Phosphate Glass Using Eggshell and its Crystallization Behavior
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 395~399, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2017.54.5.08 Communicatio Fabrication of Calcium Phosphate Glass Using Eggshell and its Crystallization
More informationSemiconductors. Types of Solids. Figure 10.30: Energy-level diagrams for (a) an n-type semiconductor and (b) a ptype semiconductor.
Figure 102: Partial representation of the molecular orbital energies in (a) diamond and (b) a typical metal Figure 1024: The p orbitals (a) perpendicular to the plane of the carbon ring system in graphite
More informationCERAMIC MATERIALS I. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ. Office Hours: Thursday, 09:30-10:30 am.
CERAMIC MATERIALS I Office Hours: Thursday, 09:30-10:30 am. akalemtas@mu.edu.tr, akalemtas@gmail.com, Phone: 211 19 17 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS Ceramic
More informationCRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF HYBRID PREMULLITE POWDERS SYNTHESIZED BY SOL-GEL METHOD
9. Savjetovanje o materijalima, tehnologijama, trenju i trošenju 9. Conference on Materials, Processes, Friction and Wear MATRIB 04, Vela Luka, 23-25.06.2004. CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF HYBRID PREMULLITE
More informationwww.alteo-alumina.com Technical features Glazes A ceramic glaze is a vitreous material prepared from the milling of two types of constituents: mineral raw materials (non soluble in water) frits The frit/raw
More informationCERAMICS Part 1: Structure and Properties. MSE 206-Materials Characterization I Lecture-7
CERAMICS Part 1: Structure and Properties MSE 206-Materials Characterization I Lecture-7 Classification of Materials Ceramics Ceramics comes from Greek word keramikos, means burnt stuff Compounds between
More informationOptical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 21. Abnormal Dispersion and Athermal Glasses. Professor Rui Almeida
Optical and Photonic Glasses : Abnormal Dispersion and Athermal Glasses Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University Abnormal dispersion and
More informationCHAPTER-2 HEAVY METAL OXIDE GLASSES CONTAINING BISMUTH AND LEAD
CHAPTER-2 HEAVY METAL OXIDE GLASSES CONTAINING BISMUTH AND LEAD There is an increasing interest in the scientific community regarding heavy metal oxide (HMO) glasses containing bismuth and lead oxide.
More informationCeramic Biomaterials. Lecture #17
Ceramic Biomaterials Lecture #17 Ceramics Refractory (maintain shape and composition at high temperatures) Polycrystalline Nonductile virtually zero creep at room temperatures Usually inorganic Silicates
More informationMould fluxes for steelmaking - composition design and characterisation of properties. Research Institute, Stockholm
Mould fluxes for steelmaking - composition design and characterisation of properties Carl-Åke Däcker KIMAB, Corrosion and Metals Research Institute, Stockholm The main functions for mould powder - and
More informationHow To Break Quartz Combustion Tubes Scott Hughes, EA Consumables Ian Smith, Paul Stevens, Jon Davies, Elemental Microanalysis
How To Break Quartz Combustion Tubes Scott Hughes, EA Consumables Ian Smith, Paul Stevens, Jon Davies, Elemental Microanalysis Quick Answer: Use them in an Elemental Analyzer What is quartz? Second to
More informationTrends Biomater. Artif. Organs, Vol 20(1), pp 7-11 Ceramics (2006) in Dental Applications 7. Ceramics in Dental Applications
Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs, Vol 20(1), pp 7-11 Ceramics (2006) in Dental Applications http://www.sbaoi.org 7 Ceramics in Dental Applications V.G. Sukumaran and Narasimha Bharadwaj Dept. of Conservative
More informationR.M.Cornell U. Schwertmann. The Iron Oxides. Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrence and Uses. Weinheim New York Basel Cambridge Tokyo VCH
R.M.Cornell U. Schwertmann The Iron Oxides Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrence and Uses VCH Weinheim New York Basel Cambridge Tokyo Contents 1 Introduction to the iron oxides 1 2 Crystal structure
More informationCERAMICS. (related only to traditional ceramics): Materials made of clays and hardened by fire
CERAMICS Original definition: (related only to traditional ceramics): Materials made of clays and hardened by fire Actual definition: Inorganic non-metallic heterogeneous materials with structure composed
More informationSuggest one reason why spoons are electroplated. ... Why is hydrogen produced at the negative electrode and not sodium?
Q1.This question is about electrolysis. (a) Metal spoons can be coated with silver. This is called electroplating. Suggest one reason why spoons are electroplated. (b) When sodium chloride solution is
More informationCeramic Processing Research
Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. Vol. 17, No. 7, pp. 747~751 (2016) J O U R N A L O F Ceramic Processing Research Synthesis of low thermal expansion ceramics prepared from pyrophyllite and lithium
More informationIdentifying Minerals
Identifying Minerals Beryl, feldspar, quartz Rock-forming Minerals Rock-forming minerals Common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth s crust Only a few dozen members Composed mainly of the
More informationContents. 1. Introduction to Materials Processing Starting Materials 21. Acknowledgements
Preface Acknowledgements xiii xv 1. Introduction to Materials Processing 1 1.1 Materials Processing: Definition and Scope 1 1.2 Three Approaches to Materials Processing 4 1.3 Materials Processing Steps
More informationCeramic - Chemical Resistance Acids - concentrated Acids - dilute Alkalis Halogens Metals
Ceramic - Chemical Resistance Acids - concentrated Acids - dilute Alkalis Halogens Metals Fair Good Poor-Fair - Good 62/SiO2 24/B2O3 14 Fair Good Poor-Fair - - 70/SiO2 28/B2O3 2 Good Good Good Good Good
More informationProperty Unit Standard requirement Result ZrO 2. (ISO : 2008) % Al 2
Zfx Zirconia Page 1 of 6 Manufacturing of crown and bridge frameworks Average Dimension: 98 x 12 mm Appearance: industrially-manufactured solid Colour: white Synonyms CAS-no. EINECS-no. Concentration Molecular
More informationInfluence of Nucleating Agents on the Chemical Interaction of MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 Glass Sealants with Components of SOFCs
A558 0013-4651/2004/151 4 /A558/5/$7.00 The Electrochemical Society, Inc. Influence of Nucleating Agents on the Chemical Interaction of MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 Glass Sealants with Components of SOFCs
More informationTrusted. Brand. Lava Plus. Now in Disc Format. High Translucency Zirconia
Trusted Brand. Now in Disc Format. High Translucency LAVA PLUS HIGH TRANSLUCENCY ZIRCONIA NOW AVAILABLE IN DISC FORMAT Lava is widely acknowledged as the trusted brand that built the market for zirconia
More information(06) WMP/Jun10/CHEM5
Period 3 Elements 6 2 Sodium, aluminium and silicon are solid elements with a silver colour. These elements react with oxygen to form oxides with high melting points. Aluminium is a reactive metal, but
More informationDevelopment of Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solutions and Future Trends
Special Issue Oxygen Storage Materials for Automotive Catalysts Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solutions 1 Review Development of Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solutions and Future Trends Hideo Sobukawa This review summarizes
More informationX-Ray Diffraction by Macromolecules
N. Kasai M. Kakudo X-Ray Diffraction by Macromolecules With 351 Figures and 56 Tables Kodansha ~Springer ... Contents Preface v Part I Fundamental 1. Essential Properties of X-Rays................. 3 1.1
More informationPREDICTION OF THERMAL SHOCK OF CERAMIC SHELLS USING FUSED SILICA AS REINFORCING FILLER AT CASTING CONDITIONS
PREDICTION OF THERMAL SHOCK OF CERAMIC SHELLS USING FUSED SILICA AS REINFORCING FILLER AT CASTING CONDITIONS P. Martin Jebaraj* and A. Chennakesava Reddy** *Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
More informationCeramic Processing Research
Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 324~329 (2015) J O U R N A L O F Ceramic Processing Research Study of low-thermal-expansion porcelain employing petalite and β-eucryptite Won-Kyun
More informationDoris Ehrt and Doris Möncke. Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Otto-Schott-Institut, Fraunhoferstr. 6, D Jena, Germany,
Charge transfer absorption of Fe 3+ and Fe + complexes and UV radiation induced defects in different glasses Doris Ehrt and Doris Möncke Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Otto-Schott-Institut, Fraunhoferstr.
More informationBIOACTIVE SILICIUM-CONTAINING COATINGS ON TITANIUM SUBSTRATE
Powder Metallurgy Progress, Vol.11 (2011), No 3-4 271 BIOACTIVE SILICIUM-CONTAINING COATINGS ON TITANIUM SUBSTRATE O. S. Antonova, V. V. Smirnov, S. M. Barinov, N. V. Bakunova, Ľ. Medvecký, J. Ďurišin
More informationDetermination of the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide
Determination of the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide The quantitative stoichiometric relationships governing mass and amount will be studied using the combustion reaction of magnesium metal. Magnesium
More informationDevelopment of Alumino-Silicate Investment Shell Moulds to Cast 6061 Al-Alloy
Development of Alumino-Silicate Investment Shell Moulds to Cast 6061 Al-Alloy A. Chennakesava Reddy Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Kukatpally, Hyderabad
More informationTable of Contents. Preface...
Preface... xi Chapter 1. Metallurgical Thermochemistry... 1 1.1. Introduction... 1 1.2. Quantities characterizing the state of a system and its evolution... 3 1.2.1. The types of operations... 3 1.2.2.
More informationCeramic Science 4RO3. Lecture 2. Tannaz Javadi. September 16, 2013
Ceramic Science 4RO3 Lecture 2 September 16, 2013 Tannaz Javadi Rule 5: In an Ionic structure the chemical environment (cations) that is surrounding an anion should be at least uniform and similar. Although
More informationIntroduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 19: Thermal Properties. Dr. Coates
Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 19: Thermal Properties Dr. Coates Chapter 19: Thermal Properties ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How do materials respond to the application of heat? How do
More informationDefects and Diffusion
Defects and Diffusion Goals for the Unit Recognize various imperfections in crystals Point imperfections Impurities Line, surface and bulk imperfections Define various diffusion mechanisms Identify factors
More informationPoint Defects in Metals
CHAPTER 5 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Point Defects in Metals 5.1 Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for lead at its melting temperature of 327 C (600 K). Assume an energy
More informationChapter: The d and f Block Elements
Chapter: The d and f Block Elements Introduction to d block elements Question 1 In Tc ( Z = 43) and Tb( Z = 65) which one is inner transition metal and which one is transition metal and why? The outer
More informationCrystallization behavior and microstructure of bio glass-ceramic system
Available online at www.ilcpa.pl International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 14 (2013) 58-68 ISSN 2299-3843 Crystallization behavior and microstructure of bio glass-ceramic system Behzad
More informationOptical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 4. Glass Composition and Preparations. Professor Rui Almeida
Optical and Photonic Glasses : Glass Composition and Preparations Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University For a given, selected value of
More informationMAKING SOLID SOLUTIONS WITH ALKALI HALIDES (AND BREAKING THEM)
MAKING SOLID SOLUTIONS WITH ALKALI HALIDES (AND BREAKING THEM) John B. Brady Department of Geology Smith College Northampton, MA 01063 jbrady@science.smith.edu INTRODUCTION When two cations have the same
More informationTUTORIAL ON THICK FILM METALLIZATION. CMC Laboratories, Inc.
TUTORIAL ON THICK FILM METALLIZATION CMC Laboratories, Inc. 1 Outline of Thick Film Tutorial 1. Idealized Microstructure for Thick Film Metallization i Systems 2. Bonding Mechanisms in Thick Film Metallization
More informationApplications. - APS coatings -
Applications - APS coatings - Applications of APS coatings Typical spray materials Oxide ceramics: Cr 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 Compounds: Ni/C G, AlSi/Polyester, [WC/Co(Cr), Cr 3 C 2 /NiCr] Metals:
More informationThe University of Jordan School of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department
The University of Jordan School of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department 0905351 Engineering Materials Science Second Semester 2016/2017 Course Catalog 3 Credit hours.all engineering structures and
More informationMat E 272 Lectures 22-23: Introduction to Ceramic Materials
Mat E 272 Lectures 22-23: Introduction to Ceramic Materials November 26 & 28, 2001 Introduction: The primary emphasis of this class has previously been on the structure and properties of pure metals and
More informationOptical spectroscopy of sodium silicate glasses prepared with nano- and micro-sized iron oxide particles
Processing and Application of Ceramics 7 [3] (2013) 117 121 DOI: 10.2298/PAC1303117M Optical spectroscopy of sodium silicate glasses prepared with nano- and micro-sized iron oxide particles Behzad Mehdikhani
More informationReduce Furnace Energy Consumption Using Calumite
Reduce Furnace Energy Consumption Using Calumite Nicola J. Marriott, Calumite Ltd, UK Introduction Calumite is an environmentally beneficial alumina source used in all types of soda-lime-silica glass making.
More informationHIGH TEMPERATURE INVESTMENTS
HIGH TEMPERATURE INVESTMENTS Stephen C. Bayne and Jeffrey Y. Thompson Department of Operative Dentistry School of Dentistry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450 7450 SKIP REVIEW MATERIAL
More informationCeltra Duo Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate (ZLS) Developed to make a difference
Celtra Duo Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate (ZLS) Developed to make a difference Any block can make a restoration Celtra Duo (ZLS) provides the freedom to work your way Finally, a CEREC block that
More informationSECOND MIDTERM EXAM Chemistry April 2011 Professor Buhro
SECOND MIDTERM EXAM Chemistry 465 1 April 011 Professor Buhro Signature Print Name Clearly ID Number: Information. This is a closed-book exam; no books, notes, other students, other student exams, or any
More informationPractical aspects and implications of interfaces in glass-ceramics
SCHTT North America, Inc. Practical aspects and implications of interfaces in glass-ceramics Mark J. Davis SCHTT North America, Inc. utline Key questions to address Interfacial effects in glass-ceramics---a
More informationCarbon nanostructures. (http://www.mf.mpg.de/de/abteilungen/schuetz/index.php?lang=en&content=researchtopics&type=specific&name=h2storage)
Carbon nanostructures (http://www.mf.mpg.de/de/abteilungen/schuetz/index.php?lang=en&content=researchtopics&type=specific&name=h2storage) 1 Crystal Structures Crystalline Material: atoms arrange into a
More informationMicrostructural evolution of mullite during the sintering of kaolin powder compacts
Ceramics International 26 (2000) 715±720 Microstructural evolution of mullite during the sintering of kaolin powder compacts C.Y. Chen, G.S. Lan, W.H. Tuan * Institute of Materials Science and Engineering,
More informationChapter 13 THE GROUP 13 ELEMENTS. Exercises
Chapter 13 THE GROUP 13 ELEMENTS Exercises 13.2 (a) BBr 3 (l) + 3 H 2 O(l) H 3 BO 3 (aq) + 3 HBr(aq) (b) 2 Al(s) + 6 H + (aq) 2 Al 3+ (aq) + 3 H 2 (g) (c) 2 TlOH(aq) + CO 2 (g) Tl 2 CO 3 (s) + H 2 O(l)
More informationLecture 14: Rate of Nucleation
Lecture 14: Rate of Nucleation oday s topics wo energetic factors that affect nucleation rate: the activation energy barrier ( G) that needs to be overcome to produce a critical-size nucleus, and the activation
More informationINVESTIGATION OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA OF COPPER SMELTING SLAGS IN THE FeO-Fe 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -CaO-MgO- Al 2 O 3 SYSTEM AT FIXED OXYGEN POTENTIAL
INVESTIGATION OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA OF COPPER SMELTING SLAGS IN THE FeO-Fe 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -CaO-MgO- Al 2 O 3 SYSTEM AT FIXED OXYGEN POTENTIAL Hector Henao, Peter Hayes & Evgueni Jak The University of Queensland,
More informationCHEM J-2 June 2014
CHEM1102 2014-J-2 June 2014 The diagram below shows the structure of an alloy of copper and gold with a gold atom at each of the corners and a copper atom in the centre of each of the faces. 2 What is
More information7.3 Bonding in Metals > Chapter 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding. 7.3 Bonding in Metals. 7.1 Ions 7.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds
Chapter 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding 7.1 Ions 7.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds 7.3 Bonding in Metals 1 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. CHEMISTRY & YOU What
More informationAP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 18 - The Representative Elements: Groups 1A through 4A
AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 18 - The Representative Elements: Groups 1A through 4A 18.1 A Survey of the Representative Elements A. Basic Trends 1. Metals tend to lose electrons and form cations 2. Nonmetals
More informationUnit-1 THE SOLID STATE QUESTIONS VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS)
Unit-1 THE SOLID STATE QUESTIONS VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS) 1. What are anistropic substances. 2. Why are amorphous solids isotropic in nature?. Why glass is regarded as an amorphous solid? 4.
More informationOverall Conclusions and Future Projections OVERALL CONCLUSIONS
OVERALL CONCLUSIONS This article brings the thesis to a close by presenting the conclusions drawn from the outcome of the radiation effects on the structural and optical properties of heavy metal oxide
More informationMICROWAVES AS AN ENERGY SOURCE FOR PRODUCING MAGNESIA - ALUMINA SPINEL
MICROWAVES AS AN ENERGY SOURCE FOR PRODUCING MAGNESIA - ALUMINA SPINEL JUAN A. AGUILAR MARIO GONZALEZ IDALIA GOMEZ Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Apartado
More informationCHAPTER 6. Natural Mineral Mineral Content Elements In The Minerals Bauxite Aluminium oxide Aluminium, oxygen. Cassiterite Tin oxide Tin, oxygen
CHAPTER 6 6.1 Minerals Found In The Earth s Crust mineral : is a naturally occurring solid element or compound with a definite crystalline structure and chemical composition. natural elements : gold, silver
More informationBoiling point in C. Colour in aqueous solution. Fluorine 188 colourless. Chlorine 35 pale green. Bromine X orange.
Q1.This question is about halogens and their compounds. The table below shows the boiling points and properties of some of the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table. Element Boiling point in C Colour
More informationbut T m (Sn0.62Pb0.38) = 183 C, so this is a common soldering alloy.
T m (Sn) = 232 C, T m (Pb) = 327 C but T m (Sn0.62Pb0.38) = 183 C, so this is a common soldering alloy. T m (Au) = 1064 C, T m (Si) = 2550 C but T m (Au0.97Si0.03) = 363 C, so thin layer of gold is used
More informationMullite from clay reactive alumina for insulating substrate application
Applied Clay Science 25 (2004) 29 35 www.elsevier.com/locate/clay Mullite from clay reactive alumina for insulating substrate application V. Viswabaskaran a,1, F.D. Gnanam a,2, M. Balasubramanian b, *
More informationMETALS
METALS 3 Gallium is a metallic element in Group III. It has similar properties to aluminium. (a) (i) Describe the structure and bonding in a metallic element. You should include a labelled diagram in your
More informationCERAMIC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: A REVIEW OF CURRENT STATUS AND CHALLENGES
Solid Freeform Fabrication 2017: Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium An Additive Manufacturing Conference CERAMIC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: A REVIEW OF CURRENT
More informationTHE EFFECT OF ALUMINA IN FERROMANGANESE SLAG
THE EFFECT OF ALUMINA IN FERROMANGANESE SLAG Kai Tang and Sverre Olsen 1 SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway, kai.tang@sintef.no 1 Department of Materials Technology, Norwegian University
More informationInfluence of Niobium or Molybdenum in Titanium Alloy for Permanent Implant Application Yuswono Marsumi 1, a and Andika Widya Pramono 1,b
Advanced Materials Research Vol. 900 (2014) pp 53-63 (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.53 Influence of Niobium or Molybdenum in Titanium Alloy for Permanent
More informationLearning Objectives. Chapter Outline. Solidification of Metals. Solidification of Metals
Learning Objectives Study the principles of solidification as they apply to pure metals. Examine the mechanisms by which solidification occurs. - Chapter Outline Importance of Solidification Nucleation
More informationEFFECT OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURE ON KAOLINITE FOR MULLITISATION OF KAOLINITE AND ALUMINA MIXTURE
EFFECT OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURE ON KAOLINITE FOR MULLITISATION OF KAOLINITE AND ALUMINA MIXTURE A THESIS SUBMITTED BY Abinash Lenka In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement For the degree of BACHELOR
More informationKeywords: hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, composite materials, microhardness
PRODUCTION OF HYDROXYAPATITE BASED FLUORINE-CONTAINING COMPOSITE MATERIALS Bogdanova Е.А., Skachkova О.V., Skachkov V.М., Sabirzyanov N.А. Federal State government-financed institution of science Institute
More informationMODIFIED GLASS BATCH CAN HAVE INCREASED ALUMINA CONTENT BY USING FELDSPAR TO IMPROVE GLASS PROPERTIES
Suranaree J. Sci. Technol. Vol. 20 No. 4; October - December 2013 309 MODIFIED GLASS BATCH CAN HAVE INCREASED ALUMINA CONTENT BY USING FELDSPAR TO IMPROVE GLASS PROPERTIES Ekarat Meechoowas *, Kanit Tapasa,
More informationWF VAN DER VYVER
DETERMINATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEGREE OF REDUCTION DISINTEGRATION IN NORTHERN CAPE LUMP ORE AND THE ROLE OF GANGUE MINERALS IN THE PROPAGATION OF CRACKS WF VAN DER VYVER Dissertation submitted
More information1. Sodium Cryolite (Synthetic Cryolite or Sodium Aluminium Fluoride, Trisodium Hexafluoroaluminate)
Products List 1. Sodium Cryolite (Synthetic Cryolite or Sodium Aluminium Fluoride, Trisodium Hexafluoroaluminate) 2. Potassium Cryolite (Potassium Aluminium Fluoride or Tripotassium Hexafluoroaluminate)
More informationICSE-Science 2 (Chemistry) 2004
ICSE-Science 2 (Chemistry) 2004 Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. This time is to be spent in reading
More informationCHAPTER 5 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 5 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Vacancies and Self-Interstitials 5.1 Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for copper at its melting temperature of 1084 C (1357 K). Assume
More informationZYBF. High Temperature Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Fibers. Advanced Fibrous Ceramics
Advanced Fibrous Ceramics ZYBF High Temperature Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Fibers The Unrivaled Industry Leader of ZrO 2 Insulation Three Product Types ZYBF-1 (7.5 pcf) ZYBF-2 (21 pcf) ZYBF-5 (16 pcf)
More informationLaurea Magistrale in Scienza dei Materiali. Materiali Inorganici Funzionali. Electrolytes: Ceria
Laurea Magistrale in Scienza dei Materiali Materiali Inorganici Funzionali Electrolytes: Ceria Prof. Antonella Glisenti - Dip. Scienze Chimiche - Università degli Studi di Padova Bibliography 1. N.Q. Minh,
More informationIon-assist applications of broad-beam ion sources
Ion-assist applications of broad-beam ion sources H.R. Kaufman a and J.M.E. Harper b a Kaufman & Robinson, Inc., 1306 Blue Spruce Dr., Fort Collins, CO 80524; b University of New Hampshire, Dept. of Physics,
More informationUltraviolet ray absorbing coatings on glass for automobiles
Thin Solid Films 351 (1999) 61±65 Ultraviolet ray absorbing coatings on glass for automobiles Takeshi Morimoto*, Hiroyuki Tomonaga, Akemi Mitani Research Center, Asahi Glass Company, 1150 Hazawa-cho, Kanagawa-ku,
More information