PROJECT REFERENCE NO.: 38S0482

Transcription

1 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON LATERITIC SOIL STABILIZED WITH CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID AND LIME PROJECT REFERENCE NO.: 38S0482 COLLEGE : VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR BRANCH : CIVIL ENGINEERING GUIDE : PROF. SHIVARAMA M S STUDENTS : MS. AKSHATHA P J MR. PADMANANDA GOWDA H MR. PRAVEENA KUMAR M MR. SADANANDA NAIK K Keywords Lime, Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Soil, Stabilised Soil 1.INTRODUCTION Maintenance and replacement of pavement consumes a large portion of the budgets of transportation departments in every country. Methods for reducing the cost of constructing and maintaining pavements and lengthening pavement life can help transportation departments better maintain the road network on limited budgets..modern pavements are expected to provide a high level of safety and comfort for their users. Pavements are commonly designed using a combination of mechanistic and empirical approaches. These methods involved in selecting the appropriate soil and pavement parameters. Sub grade materials vary from soft soil to rock. In this project we use the cashew nut shell liquid and lime for improving the engineering properties of the soil. Literitic soil were selected for the study and major laboratory tests conducting in our study are compaction test, CBR test, triaxial test, unconfined compression test. Soil available in puttur does not have sufficient strength required be used as subgrade soil in pavement.cement and lime are the main material used for stabilizing the soil,the cost of this materials has rapidly increased and hence the stabiliation of soil using these admixtures becomes uneconomical.thus cashew nutt shell liquid and lime considerably reduce the cost of construction.further the use of cashew nut shell liquid reduce the disposal problem these by reducing the environmental hazard.

2 2. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The objectives of the present experimental study are a. To study the usage of cashew nut shell liquid and lime mix material along with lateritic soil as a construction material. b. To produce cost effective blocks for building construction. c. To improve the properties of sub grade soil for pavement construction. d. To improve the structural features for transformation into high performance polymers. e. To explore the effective utilization of waste materials like cashew nut shell liquid and lateritic quarry waste. 3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY soil: soil is abundantly available in the coastal Karnataka region. In this project, it is intended to blend lateritic soil with cashew nut shell liquid and lime powder to obtain a material with improved compressive strength and load bearing capacity. Fig 1 : soil Lime (Ca (OH)2): Fig 2 : Lime Lime stabilization is done by adding lime to a soil. It is useful for stabilization of lateritic soils. When lime reacts with soil there is an exchange of cations in the adsorbed water layer and a decrease in plasticity of the soil occurs. The resulting material is more friable than the original clay, and is, therefore more suitable as sub grade. Commercial grade lime mainly consisting of 58.67% of Cao and 7.4% Silica was used in the study. The quantity of lime was varied from 0% to 10% by dry weight of

3 soil. Lime is produced by burning of lime stones in kilns. The quality of lime obtained depends upon the parent material and the production process. Using lime can substantially increase the stability, impermeability, and load-bearing capacity of the subgrade. Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL): Cashewnut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a reddish brown viscous liquid, having the honey comb structure of the shell of cahsewnut obtained from cashew tree. In the coatings arena, cashew nut shel oil is used as a key raw material in the production of curing agents for special epoxy hardeners and epoxy resins. METHODOLOGY: Fig 3 : Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) Collection of data regarding the quantity of cashew nut. Study in the preparation of mixture of cashew nut shell liquid and lime. To find the proportion of the ingredients. To determine geotechnical and engineering properties of the lateritic soil by conducting various lab tests. To determine geotechnical and engineering properties of the combined mixture of lateritic soil, cashew nut shell oil and lime by conducting various lab tests. To conduct various tests by adding cashew nut shell liquid and lime in different percentages by weight of the soil and strength of the soil is evaluated. CBR Test and compaction Test are conduct for various proportioning (lime : CNSL of 2 :3, 3 : 4, 4 :5, and 5 : 7 respectively)

4 4. LABORATORY TESTING The laboratory studies were carried out on the samples of soil, Cashew nut shell liquid and Lime mixes. Proctor s standard compaction Test: Ordinary soil sample: Standard Proctor compaction test are carried out for the stabilized soil samples, to find the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC). Graphs are plotted between OMC Vs percentage of admixture as shown in Fig.4, and MMD Vs percentage of admixture as shown in Fig.4. Dry Density in KN/m Water Content % Fig 4 :Compaction for Normal Soil Table 1: MDD Values of lateritic soil Soil sample MDD(gm/cc) OMC(%) soil Stabilized soil sample: Standard Proctor compaction test are carried out for the stabilized soil samples, to find the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC). Graphs are plotted between OMC Vs percentage of admixture as shown in Fig.5, Dry Density in KN/m Water Content % Fig 5 :Compaction Test for CNSL-2%, LIME-2.8%

5 From the test results it is found that the OMC of the stabilized soil samples decreases with the increase of admixture to a minimum value beyond that, the OMC of the stabilized soil starts increasing again. The maximum dry density (MDD) increases with increase of admixture and become maximum at 10% then it starts decreasing. Similar trends occur for all the type of admixtures. The maximum MDD is found to be 18.6 kn/m 3 at OMC of 18.34%. Table 2: MDD Values of lateritic soil treated with % variation of lime Mix proportion % CNSL soil+2%cnsl+2%lime % LIME MDD (gm/cc) 2% 2% 1.62 soil+2%cnsl+2.5%lime soil+2%cnsl+3%lime soil+2%cnsl+3.5%lime soil+2%cnsl+4%lime 2% 2.5% % 3% % 3.5% % 4% 1.62 California Bearing Ratio Test: Ordinary soil: The California bearing ratio tests are conducted on lateritic soil. The proving ring reading is noted for 50 divisions, and loading was continued until 3 (or) more readings are decreasing (or) constant. The samples were tested in soaked condition. The tests were conducted at time interval of curing for 4 days. Table 3: CBR values of lateritic soil Soil sample Soaked CBR (%) 2.5mm penetration 5mm penetration soil soil soil

6 Load on Plunger in kg Penetration in mm Fig 6 :CBR Test for Normal Soil For stabilised soil: The California bearing ratio tests are conducted on lateritic soil, cashew nut shell liquid and lime mixtures as per IS 2720 part 16 (1979). The proving ring reading is noted for 50 divisions, and loading was continued until 3 (or) more readings are decreasing (or) constant. The test was conducted at Optimum moisture content. The samples were tested in soaked condition. The tests were conducted at time interval of curing for 4 days. Table 3: CBR values of lateritic soil Treated with % variation of Lime and CNSL Mix proportion % CNSL % LIME Soaked CBR (%) 2.5m 5mm m 2% 2.8% soil+2%cnsl+ 2.8%Lime 3% 4.2% soil+3%cnsl+ 4.2%Lime soil+4%cnsl+ 5.6%Lime 4% 5.6% Load on Plunger in kg Penetration in mm Fig 7: CBR Test for CNSL-2%, LIME-3%

7 Preparation of blocks: A mix ratio of 2:3 (CNSL : Lime) was adopted for preparing stabilized earth blocks. The Indian Standard specification IS specifies the following three sizes for soil blocks: 29 x 19 x 9 cm, 19 x 9 x 9 cm and 19 x 9 x 4 cm. The size of the block selected for this investigation is 30cm x 15cm x 15cm,and 30cmx20cmx15cm. The blocks made using 2% CNSLand 3% Lime. Laterite soil was dried and sieved in order to remove large lumps before it is mixed with CNSL and lime. All the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and blocks are prepared by using hydraulic machine. The blocks thus prepared are shown in Fig. After 24 hours of moulding of blocks, curing was done daily by sprinkling water thoroughly over them. Strength of the blocks were tested using compressive strength for 3 and 7 days. Table 4: compressive strength for ordinary soil block Size of block in cm Compressive strength in KN/M 2 3 DAYS 7DAYS 14 DAYS 30X15X X20X Table 5: compressive strength for stabilised soil block Size of block in cm Compressive strength in KN/M 2 3 DAYS 7DAYS 14 DAYS 30X15X X20X CONCLUSION: Based on this experimental investigation, the following conclusions are In compaction test MDD of stabilized lateritic soil increased compared to normal soil. If CNSL and Lime is mixed with lateritic soil the CBR value is decreased compared to normal soil. So it is not suitable for pavement construction. Soil blocks are used for compound wall construction. Plastering of wall is not required.

8 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK Studies can be carried out by trying with some other waste materials possessing similar properties. Studies could be made with some other cheaper chemicals to reduce cost. To improve the chemical reaction of CSNL and lime. soil can be replaced by other types of soils. Lime can be replaced by fly ash.