Rahul Kshirsagar Research Scholar, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 7, July 7, pp. 8 85, Article ID: IJMET_8_7_99 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?

1 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 7, July 7, pp. 8 85, Article ID: IJMET_8_7_99 Available online at ISSN Print: 97- and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION ON THE TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL TENSILE PROPERTIES OF JUTE AND BANANA FIBERS REINFORCED POLYMER BASED HYBRID BIO COMPOSITES Rahul Kshirsagar Research Scholar, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. Sumit Shoor Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. ABSTRACT Natural fiber reinforced bio composites have gained much more interests these days due to their extraordinary mechanical properties. These composites have primarily developed to improve physical and chemical properties. The present study aimed to develop hybrid bio composites from alkali treated jute fiber, banana fiber and liquid epoxy resin using hand lay-up technique of composite manufacturing. Furthermore, the tensile properties in the longitudinal and transverse directions were determined and compared. The hybrid bio composite samples were fabricated with the fibers orientation of 9 /+5 /-5 /9. Two composite samples have fabricated. The first composite sample has fabricated from jute fibers oriented at 9 and banana fibers oriented at +5 & -5 (JBBJ). Whereas the second composite sample has fabricated from banana fibers oriented at 9 and jute fibers oriented at +5 & -5 (BJJB). All the composite samples have fabricated with the average fiber volume fraction of 5.9%. It has observed that composite sample JBBJ have the maximum tensile strength of 8.5 MPa in the longitudinal direction whereas the minimum tensile strength of.8 MPa has observed in the transverse direction with the composite sample BJJB. It was also observed that the composite sample JBBJ have maximum load carrying capacity of. KN in the longitudinal direction. Key words: Hybrid Bio Composite, Jute Fiber, Banana Fiber, Tensile Properties. Cite this Article: Rahul Kshirsagar and Sumit Shoor Comparative Investigation on The Transverse and Longitudinal Tensile Properties of Jute and Banana Fibers Reinforced Polymer Based Hybrid Bio Composites. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 7, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 Comparative Investigation on The Transverse and Longitudinal Tensile Properties of Jute and Banana Fibers Reinforced Polymer Based Hybrid Bio Composites INTRODUCTION Natural fiber reinforced bio composites are captivating interest these days, owing to their exceptional properties like high specific strength, renewability and sustainability made them acceptable for many engineering applications. Their ability to absorb carbon dioxide proves promising regard in decrease of environmental pollution. The advancement of bio composites for distinct applications has gained remarkable growth in several fields. Various cellulosic natural fibers has utilized as reinforcement for bio composites due to their exceptional mechanical properties and low specific mass. Being hydrophilic in nature is the only major disadvantage in the use of natural fibers as reinforcement, since this result in poor interfacial bonding between fibers and polymer matrix. However, alkali treatments of the natural fibers enhance these interfacial properties by surface modification, which reduces their hydrophilic nature. The hybrid bio composites of jute and banana fibers processed with 5% NaOH solution show better mechanical properties. 5 Research on single natural fiber reinforced bio composites primarily concentrates on enhancing the physical and chemical properties like low wettability, inadequate adhesion and high moisture absorption. Irrespective of the former concerns, which adversely affect the mechanical properties, adapting hybridization has better outcomes. 7 In the present study, two different samples of hybrid bio composites using jute fiber, banana fiber and liquid epoxy resin as matrix are fabricated with the fiber orientation of 9 /+5 /-5 /9 followed by hand lay-up technique. In the first sample, jute fibers were oriented at an angle of 9 whereas banana fibers were oriented at +5 & -5 whereas in the second sample, banana fibers were oriented at 9 and jute fibers were oriented at +5 & - 5. The first sample designated as JBBJ and the second as BJJB.. MATERIALS AND METHODS Jute is a bast fiber with numerous advantages and it is the second largest cellulose fiber produce in the world. Banana fiber is another type of bast fiber with number of advantages similar to jute. Epoxy Resin [EPOFINE -] and Hardener [FINEHARD-95] is used as matrix. EPOFINE- is an electrical grade liquid epoxy casting resin and FINEHARD-95 is a polyamine hardener... Preparation of epoxy and hardener Epoxy Resin EPOFINE- of density.-. g. /cc blend with Hardener FINEHARD-95 of density g. /cc used for the fabrication of composite slab. The mixing ratio of the epoxy and hardener is :... Mold preparation Wooden mold of dimensions x 5 mm has used for the fabrication of the composites. Before the hand lay-up technique, a layer of releasing agent has applied on the mold to prevent the composite sample from sticking and for the easy removal... Alkali treatment of jute and banana fibers The process consist of washing jute fibers and banana fibers to remove dirt and then immersing it in 5% NaOH aqueous solution (5 gms in ml of water ) for hour. After fibers have washed to remove excess of NaOH and dried in the room temperature. 8 editor@iaeme.com

$The final dimension of all the composite samples was x 5 mm. The composite samples have fabricated with the average fiber volume fraction of 5.$

3 Rahul Kshirsagar and Sumit Shoor.5. Manufacturing of Composite samples The wooden mold was first dried and clean and then a layer of releasing agent has applied for the easy removal of final composite sample without sticking. The fibers have then uniformly placed in the mold oriented at 9 and a coat of epoxy resin has applied. The process has continued by placing the fibers oriented at +5, -5 and finally 9. The final dimension of all the composite samples was x 5 mm. The composite samples have fabricated with the average fiber volume fraction of 5.9%, calculated using the following equation: W W V Where, W = Weight of composites in grams, Wf = Weight of fibers in grams, m = Density of matrix in g. /cc, Vm = Volume of matrix in cm. The composite samples have cured in the room temperature for hours. After the curing of the composite samples, specimens for tensile testing have cut as per the ASTM standards... Tensile testing of the composites The tensile behavior of the composite specimens was determined in the Universal Tensile Testing Machine with the maximum capacity of 5KN. The specimens have tested in longitudinal as well as transverse directions. The experiments have executed at regular room temperature. The tensile testing has conducted as per ASTM D 9 with the fixed gauge length of 5mm. Figure and figure shows the specimens for tensile testing in longitudinal and transverse direction. Figure Specimen for tensile testing in longitudinal direction Figure Specimen for tensile testing in transverse direction. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The tensile strength of the hybrid bio composites is outline in the table. Composite Samples Table Tensile properties of the composite specimens Fibers Orientation (Degree) Tensile Strength (Mpa) Jute Jute Banana Banana Transverse Longitudinal JBBJ BJJB editor@iaeme.com

4 Comparative Investigation on The Transverse and Longitudinal Tensile Properties of Jute and Banana Fibers Reinforced Polymer Based Hybrid Bio Composites The tensile strength of the composite sample JBBJ revealed maximum tensile strength in longitudinal direction compared to tensile strength in transverse direction. The maximum tensile strength obtained is 8.5 MPa in longitudinal direction whereas the tensile strength in transverse direction has found to 7. MPa. In case of the composite sample BJJB, the tensile properties found in the longitudinal and transverse directions were 5.98 MPa and.8 MPa. Figure shows the load versus displacement curve for the composite samples in longitudinal and transverse direction. From the figure, the maximum load carrying capacity of the composite sample has found to be. KN with the composite sample JBBJ Figure (a) BJJB Longitudinal Figure (b) BJJB Transverse Figure (c) JBBJ Longitudinal Figure (d) JBBJ Transverse Figure shows the comparison between the Young s Modulus in longitudinal direction and transverse direction. The composite sample JBBJ exhibited maximum Young s Modulus 8 editor@iaeme.com

5 Rahul Kshirsagar and Sumit Shoor equal to 87 MPa in longitudinal direction compared to.7 MPa in transverse direction. Whereas composite sample BJJB show higher Young s Modulus in transverse direction equal to MPa compared to 85.8 MPa in longitudinal direction. Longitudinal Young's Modulus Vs Transverse Young's Modulus Young's Modulus (MPa) JBBJ BJJB Composite Samples Longitudinal Transverse Figure Comparison between Young s Modulus in longitudinal and transverse direction. CONCLUSION The tensile strength of the composite sample JBBJ in the longitudinal direction is 8.5 MPa exhibits maximum strength than 7. MPa in transverse direction. The composite sample BJJB show higher tensile strength of 5.98 MPa in longitudinal direction compared to.8 MPa in transverse direction. The load displacement curve revealed the composite sample JBBJ has the maximum load carrying capacity equal to. KN in the longitudinal direction. The test results also proved that the composite sample JBBJ has the maximum Young s Modulus of 87 MPa in the longitudinal direction compared to.7 MPa in the transverse direction. Whereas the composite sample BJJB has the higher Young s Modulus of MPa in the transverse direction compared to 85.8 MPa in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the optimal results have obtained when the jute fibers are oriented at 9 and banana fibers oriented at +5 & -5 that is in case of composite sample JBBJ. 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors wish to express gratitude to the Lovely Professional University, Punjab for providing appropriate knowledge. REFERENCES [] R. Binti, H. Takagi, and A. Norio, Tensile and flexural properties of polylactic acidbased hybrid green composites reinforced by kenaf, bamboo and coir fibers, Ind. Crop. Prod., vol. 9, pp. 5 57,. 8 editor@iaeme.com

6 Comparative Investigation on The Transverse and Longitudinal Tensile Properties of Jute and Banana Fibers Reinforced Polymer Based Hybrid Bio Composites [] S. Biswas, S. Shahinur, M. Hasan, and Q. Ahsan, Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Jute and Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Unidirectional Epoxy Composites, Procedia Eng., vol. 5, no. Icte, pp. 9 99, 5. [] E. Jayamani, S. Hamdan, R. Rahman, and M. Khusairy, Comparative Study of Dielectric Properties of Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites, Procedia Eng., vol. 97, pp. 5 5,. [] G. Koronis, A. Silva, and M. Fontul, Composites : Part B Green composites : A review of adequate materials for automotive applications, Compos. Part B, vol., no., pp. 7,. [5] J. Gassan and A. K. Bledzki, Possibilities for improving the mechanical properties of jute / epoxy composites by alkali treatment of bres, vol. 59, pp. 9, 999. [] S. H. Aziz and M. P. Ansell, SCIENCE AND The effect of alkalization and fibre alignment on the mechanical and thermal properties of kenaf and hemp bast fibre composites : Part polyester resin matrix, vol., pp. 9,. [7] J. Humberto, S. Almeida, S. Campos, and E. Cocchieri, Composites : Part B Hybridization effect on the mechanical properties of curaua / glass fiber composites, vol. 55, pp. 9 97,. [8] T. Narendiranath Babu, Anil Mandliya, Akash Kumar Singh, Avneesh Singh and D. Rama Prabha, Evaluation of Tensile Properties of Epoxy Resin Based Composites Reinforced with Jute/Banana/Flax and Uni-Axial Glass Fibers. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(), 7, pp editor@iaeme.com

EFFECT OF ALKALI TREATMENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF JUTE,SISAL,BANANA,HEMP AND ABACA FIBERS FOR POLYMER COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT

EFFECT OF ALKALI TREATMENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF JUTE,SISAL,BANANA,HEMP AND ABACA FIBERS FOR POLYMER COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2017, pp. 1775 1784, Article ID: IJMET_08_07_196 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=8&itype=7