Tutorial Irradiation Embrittlement and Life Management of RPVs. Structural Integrity Issues F. Gillemot
|
|
- Patricia Bates
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Tutorial Irradiation Embrittlement and Life Management of RPVs Structural Integrity Issues F. Gillemot
2 What is structural integrity? No answer in the WEB or in other documents! Safe operation of passive components in normal and non-normal conditions. The structural integrity means that the sructure, or component not only safe, but survives the service and environmetal effects without any serious damage.
3 Passive components Passive components: all pressurized or loaded structures Examples: Reactor Pressure Vessel Steam generator Pressurizer House of main coolant pump Pipes Crane structures etc.
4 b Safety whats that? Safety means protection of the environment and populations from radioactive contamination, or from other harness The deteministic safety assessment methodology uses a technique in with a defence in depth assessment assure success in each level of the defence. Design/safety limits are specified for each level of defence. The probabilistic safety assessment uses a methodology to calculate the risk of failure, and determines the acceptable risk level. No 100% safety, too high safety requirements are damaging the society. Very high responsibility for the engineers.
5 Structures, systems components (SSC) integrity
6 IAEA Safety Standards and Guidelines on PLiM and AM Safety Requirement Safety of NPP Design NS R-1 Safety Guide SG on AMP Safety Guide on PSR Safety Guide on MSI Safety Guide on Personal Qualification Tech. Guidelines Programmatic Guidelines Component Specific Guidelines (13) AMP Review guideline RPV and PLiM Human Ageing Guideline NSNI NENP
7 Steam generators (TECDOC-981) Concrete containment buildings (TECDOC-1025) PWR pressure vessels (TECDOC-1120) PWR vessel internals (TECDOC-1119) Metal components of BWR containment (TECDOC- 1181) In-containment I&C Cables (TECDOC-1188) Volume I In-containment I&C Cables (TECDOC-1188) Volume II PWR primary piping (TECDOC-1361) BWR Reactor Pressure Vessel (TECDOC-1470) BWR Rector Pressure Vessel Internals (TECDOC- 1471)
8 Ageing effects Design safety level Operating strategy II Operating strategy III Operating strategy I 50% failure probability Safe operating life I Safe operating life II Operating time
9 Ageing mechanism - Radiation embrittlement - Thermal embrittlement - General corrosion - Stress corrosion cracking - Pitting corrosion - Irradiation assissted corrosion - Hidrogen embrittlement - Liquid metal embrittlement - Wear - Fatigue and low-cycle fatigue - Creep - High temperature rupture - Errosion - Etc...
10 Event selection (PSA Probabilistic Safety analyses) High pressure, safety valve open Safety valve mailfunction, coolant pressure drop Safety valve closed, normal shut down Probability is below of the acceptance level Reactor stop, emergency core coolant pumps operating Rapid cooling PTS Structural integrity assessment Event tree Failure probability is below of the acceptance level No integrity
11 Failure Analysis Failure of a component indicates it has become completely or partially unusable or has deteriorated to the point that it is undependable or unsafe for normal sustained service. Typical Root Cause Failure Mechanisms 1. Fatigue failures 2. Corrosion failures 3. Stress corrosion cracking 4. Ductile and brittle fractures 5. Hydrogen embrittlement 6. Liquid metal embrittlement 7. Creep and stress rupture
12 Fatigue Failures Metal fatigue is caused by repeated cycling of of the load. It is a progressive localized damage due to fluctuating stresses and strains on the material. Metal fatigue cracks initiate and propagate in regions where the strain is most severe. The process of fatigue consists of three stages: Initial crack initiation Progressive crack growth across the part Final sudden fracture of the remaining cross section Schematic of S-N Curve, showing increase in fatigue life with decreasing stresses.
13 Stress Ratio The most commonly used stress ratio is R, the ratio of the minimum stress to the maximum stress (S min /S max ). 1. If the stresses are fully reversed, then R = If the stresses are partially reversed, R = a negative number less than If the stress is cycled between a maximum stress and no load, R = zero. 4. If the stress is cycled between two tensile stresses, R = a positive number less than 1. Variations in the stress ratios can significantly affect fatigue life. The presence of a mean stress component has a substantial effect on fatigue failure. When a tensile mean stress is added to the alternating stresses, a component will fail at lower alternating stress than it does under a fully reversed stress.
14 Preventing Fatigue Failure The most effective method of improving fatigue performance is improvements in design: 1. Eliminate or reduce stress raisers by streamlining the part 2. Avoid sharp surface tears resulting from punching, stamping, shearing, or other processes 3. Prevent the development of surface discontinuities during processing. 4. Reduce or eliminate tensile residual stresses caused by manufacturing. 5. Improve the details of fabrication and fastening procedures Fatigue Failure Analysis Metal fatigue is a significant problem because it can occur due to repeated loads below the static yield strength. This can result in an unexpected and catastrophic failure in use. Because most engineering materials contain discontinuities most metal fatigue cracks initiate from discontinuities in highly stressed regions of the component. The failure may be due the discontinuity, design, improper maintenance or other causes. A failure analysis can determine the cause of the failure.
15 High Temperature Failure Analysis Creep occurs under load at high temperature. Boilers, gas turbine engines, and ovens are some of the systems that have components that experience creep. An understanding of high temperature materials behavior is beneficial in evaluating failures in these types of systems. Failures involving creep are usually easy to identify due to the deformation that occurs. Failures may appear ductile or brittle. Cracking may be either transgranular or intergranular. While creep testing is done at constant temperature and constant load actual components may experience damage at various temperatures and loading conditions. Creep of Metals High temperature progressive deformation of a material at constant stress is called creep. High temperature is a relative term that is dependent on the materials being evaluated. A typical creep curve is shown below:
16 In a creep test a constant load is applied to a tensile specimen maintained at a constant temperature. Strain is then measured over a period of time. The slope of the curve, identified in the above figure, is the strain rate of the test during stage II or the creep rate of the material. Primary creep, Stage I, is a period of decreasing creep rate. Primary creep is a period of primarily transient creep. During this period deformation takes place and the resistance to creep increases until stage II. Secondary creep, Stage II, is a period of roughly constant creep rate. Stage II is referred to as steady state creep. Tertiary creep, Stage III, occurs when there is a reduction in cross sectional area due to necking or effective reduction in area due to internal void formation.
17 Stress Rupture Stress rupture testing is similar to creep testing except that the stresses used are higher than in a creep test. Stress rupture testing is always done until failure of the material. In creep testing the main goal is to determine the minimum creep rate in stage II. Once a designer knows the materials will creep and has accounted for this deformation a primary goal is to avoid failure of the component.
18 Corrosion Failures Corrosion is chemically induced damage to a material that results in deterioration of the material and its properties. This may result in failure of the component. Several factors should be considered during a failure analysis to determine the affect corrosion played in a failure. Examples are listed below: Type of corrosion Corrosion rate The extent of the corrosion Interaction between corrosion and other failure mechanisms Corrosion is is a normal, natural process. Corrosion can seldom be totally prevented, but it can be minimized or controlled by proper choice of material, design, coatings, and occasionally by changing the environment. Various types of metallic and nonmetallic coatings are regularly used to protect metal parts from corrosion.
19 Stress Corrosion Cracking Stress corrosion cracking is a failure mechanism that is caused by environment, susceptible material, and tensile stress. Temperature is a significant environmental factor affecting cracking. For stress corrosion cracking to occur all three conditions must be met simultaneously. The component needs to be in a particular crack promoting environment, the component must be made of a susceptible material, and there must be tensile stresses above some minimum threshold value. An externally applied load is not required as the tensile stresses may be due to residual stresses in the material. The threshold stresses are commonly below the yield stress of the material. Stress Corrosion Cracking Failures Stress corrosion cracking is an insidious type of failure as it can occur without an externally applied load or at loads significantly below yield stress. Thus, catastrophic failure can occur without significant deformation or obvious deterioration of the component. Pitting is commonly associated with stress corrosion cracking phenomena.
20 Pitting Corrosion Pitting is a localized form of corrosive attack. Pitting corrosion is typified by the formation of holes or pits on the metal surface. Pitting can cause failure due to perforation while the total corrosion, as measured by weight loss, might be rather minimal. The rate of penetration may be 10 to 100 times that by general corrosion. Pits may be rather small and difficult to detect. In some cases pits may be masked due to general corrosion. Pitting may take some time to initiate and develop to an easily viewable size. Pitting occurs more readily in a stagnant environment. The aggressiveness of the corrodent will affect the rate of pitting. Some methods for reducing the effects of pitting corrosion are listed below: Reduce the aggressiveness of the environment Use more pitting resistant materials Improve the design of the system
21 Mihama accident Orifice
22 Structural Integrity Issues
23 Structural Integrity Issues Davies-Besse NPP
24 Structural Integrity Issues Fracture Analysis 1. sizes of flaws which must be detected during nondestructive examinations of components 2. needs to replace or repair structures and components which are found to have flaws present. 3. remaining years of operating life of degraded components.
25 Structural Integrity Issues Ductile and Brittle Metal Characteristics Ductile metals experience observable plastic deformation prior to fracture. Brittle metals experience little or no plastic deformation prior to fracture. At times metals behave in a transitional manner - partially ductile/brittle. Ductile fracture has dimpled, cup and cone fracture appearance. The dimples can become elongated by a lateral shearing force, or if the crack is in the opening (tearing) mode. Brittle fracture displays either cleavage (transgranular) or intergranular fracture. This depends upon whether the grain boundaries are stronger or weaker than the grains. The fracture modes (dimples, cleavage, or intergranular fracture) may be seen on the fracture surface and it is possible all three modes will be present of a given fracture face. Schematics of typical tensile test fractures are displayed above.
26 Structural Integrity Issues Brittle Fractures Brittle fracture is characterized by rapid crack propagation with low energy release and without significant plastic deformation. The fracture may have a bright granular appearance. The fractures are generally of the flat type and chevron patterns may be present. Ductile Fractures Ductile fracture is characterized by tearing of metal and significant plastic deformation. The ductile fracture may have a gray, fibrous appearance. Ductile fractures are associated with overload of the structure or large discontinuities
27 Structural Integrity Issues No defectless material, or at least we cannot prove that it exist We have to live with it. Material behaviour Toughness Depends on the three state facors: -Temperature - Stress state - Strain rate Temperature Brittle Ductile Static load Dynamic load
28 Structural Integrity Issues Fracture toughness Plain stress Plain strain Thickness
29 Structural Integrity Issues Stress intensity: ratio of the stress at crack tip/normal stress Denoted with K (K1 tensile K2 shear stress) Stress at crack tip Crack tip Normal stress
30 Structural Integrity Issues K1c = fracture toughness that is the K1 value where crack start to propagate in an absolute brittle material No or negligable plastic deformation =valid K1c Jc=Je+Jp Limited plastic zone= J integral Kjc=(E*Jc)/(1-ν)2)1/2 MPa m General yielding, no fracture mechanics, leak before break E=Young modulus V=Poissons ratio
31 Structural Integrity Issues Stress Intensity Factor and Crack Tip Stresses Crack tips produce a singularity. The stress fields near a crack tip of an isotropic linear elastic material can be expressed as a product of and a function of with a scaling factor K where the superscripts and subscripts I, II, and III denote the three different modes that different loadings may be applied to a crack. The factor K is called the Stress Intensity Factor.
32 Structural Integrity Issues Infinite Plate with a Center Through Crack under Tension Infinite Plate with a Hole and Symmetric Double Through Cracks under Tension
33 Structural Integrity Issues b Semi-infinite Plate with an Edge Through Crack under Tension Infinite Stripe with a Center Through Crack under Tension or
34 Structural Integrity Issues Charpy testing
35 Structural Integrity Issues THE MASTER CURVE APPROACH TYPICAL RAW DATA 95 % 5% SMALL SPECIMENS 5% KJC [MPa m] KJC [MPa m] 95 % MASTER CURVE ANALYSIS STATISTICAL THICKNESS 95 % ADJUSTMENT 5% SMALL SPECIMENS LARGE SPECIMENS LARGE SPECIMENS T [0C] 0 T [ C] THEORETICAL SCATTER DESCRIPTION STATISTICAL SIZE ADJUSTMENT UNIFIED TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
36 Structural Integrity Issues PROBABILITY OF INITIATION (WEAKEST LINK) CUMULATIVE FAILURE PROBABILITY OF A VOLUME ELEMENT P 1 1 Pr I / O f N Pr{I/O} = Pr{I} (1- Pr{V/O}) = Cleavage initiation without prior void initiation.. Pr{I/O} = ( d, D, T,. etc.)
37 Structural Integrity Issues Master Curve Kjc= 30+70*exp[0.019(T-T0)] Median Kjc(5%) =25,4+37.8*exp[0.019*(T-T0)] Lower bound Measurement: three point bend (precracked Charpy) or CT specimens (8-10 pc minimum) at low temperature. ASTM Evaluation T0 Margin=10-16 C Size adjustment included, small specimens can be used Guidelines for Application of the Master Curve Approach to Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity in Nuclear Power Plants Details Technical Reports Series No , English, Full Text, (File Size: 1377 KB) Euro. Date of Issue: 22 April Free download, 39Euro in printed form
Materials Issues Related to Reactor Design, Operation & Safety
Materials Issues Related to Reactor Design, Operation & Safety Professor R. G. Ballinger Department of Nuclear Engineering Department of Materials Science & Engineering 22.39 Lecture 1-1 Objective To Develop
More informationChapter Outline: Failure
Chapter Outline: Failure How do Materials Break? Ductile vs. brittle fracture Principles of fracture mechanics Stress concentration Impact fracture testing Fatigue (cyclic stresses) Cyclic stresses, the
More informationChapter 14 Fracture Mechanics
Chapter 14 Fracture Mechanics Stress Concentrations - discontinuities typically exist in structures (holes, cross-section changes, keyways, etc) - discontinuities locally increase stress (stress raisers)
More informationENGR 151: Materials of Engineering LECTURE #12-13: DISLOCATIONS AND STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS
ENGR 151: Materials of Engineering LECTURE #12-13: DISLOCATIONS AND STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS RECOVERY, RECRYSTALLIZATION, AND GRAIN GROWTH Plastically deforming metal at low temperatures affects physical
More informationSubject Index. STP 1207-EB/Dec. 1994
STP 1207-EB/Dec. 1994 Subject Index A Aircraft transparency, crack propagation prediction, 766 AlzO3 ceramics, impact testing, 793 Aluminum alloys stable growing crack, 48 tungsten inert gas welded, 339
More informationMSE200 Lecture 9 (CH ) Mechanical Properties II Instructor: Yuntian Zhu
MSE200 Lecture 9 (CH. 7.1-7.2) Mechanical Properties II Instructor: Yuntian Zhu Objectives/outcomes: You will learn the following: Fracture of metals. Ductile and brittle fracture. Toughness and impact
More informationFractography: The Way Things Fracture
Fractography: The Way Things Fracture S.K. Bhaumik Materials Science Division Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) Bangalore 560 017 Outline Introduction Classification of fracture Fracture
More informationFracture. Brittle vs. Ductile Fracture Ductile materials more plastic deformation and energy absorption (toughness) before fracture.
1- Fracture Fracture: Separation of a body into pieces due to stress, at temperatures below the melting point. Steps in fracture: 1-Crack formation 2-Crack propagation There are two modes of fracture depending
More informationMechanical Behaviour of Materials Chapter 10 Fracture morpholgy
Mechanical Behaviour of Materials Chapter 10 Fracture morpholgy Dr.-Ing. 郭瑞昭 Example of fracture Classification of fracture processes: Deformation behavior of materials elastic Linear-elastic fracture
More information1) Fracture, ductile and brittle fracture 2) Fracture mechanics
Module-08 Failure 1) Fracture, ductile and brittle fracture 2) Fracture mechanics Contents 3) Impact fracture, ductile-to-brittle transition 4) Fatigue, crack initiation and propagation, crack propagation
More informationFailure and Fracture. Failure and Fracture. Outline. Design Strength and Safety Factors. where N is the.
Failure and Fracture Outline failure of engineering materials is an undesirable occurrence!! can lead to loss of human life economic losses prevention is through good design and materials selection Failure
More informationElectronics materials - Stress and its effect on materials
Electronics materials - Stress and its effect on materials Introduction You will have already seen in Mechanical properties of metals that stress on materials results in strain first elastic strain and
More informationChapter Outline: Failure
Chapter Outline: Failure How do Materials Break? Ductile vs. brittle fracture Principles of fracture mechanics Stress concentration Impact fracture testing Fatigue (cyclic stresses) Cyclic stresses, the
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTING TECHNIQUES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTING TECHNIQUES Marta Serrano IAEA Training Workshop on Assessment of Degradation Mechanisms of Primary Components in Water Cooled Nuclear Reactors: Current Issues and Future
More informationPART I PERFORMANCE OF MATERIALS IN SERVICE. Materials and Process Selection for Engineering Design: Mahmoud Farag
PART I PERFORMANCE OF MATERIALS IN SERVICE 1 Performance of Materials in Service I Part I discusses the different types of failure and how to prevent, or at least delay, such failures by selecting appropriate
More informationCreep failure Strain-time curve Effect of temperature and applied stress Factors reducing creep rate High-temperature alloys
Fatigue and Creep of Materials Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Fatigue failure Laboratory fatigue test The S-N Ncurve Fractography of fractured surface Factors improving fatigue life
More informationStructures should be designed in such a way that they do not fail during their expected / predicted safe-life
Structures Any structure is built for a particular purpose Aircraft, Ship, Bus, Train Oil Platforms Bridgesand Buildings Towers for Wind energy, Electricaltransmission etc. Structures and Materials Structuresare
More informationMACHINES DESIGN SSC-JE STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL MACHINES DESIGN
1 SSC-JE STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL C O N T E N T 2 1. MACHINE DESIGN 03-21 2. FLEXIBLE MECHANICAL ELEMENTS. 22-34 3. JOURNAL BEARINGS... 35-65 4. CLUTCH AND BRAKES.
More informationIntroduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 8: Failure. Dr. Coates
Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 8: Failure Dr. Coates Canopy fracture related to corrosion of the Al alloy used as a skin material. 8.2 Fundamentals of Fracture Fracture is the separation
More informationIntroduction to Materials Science, Chapter 8, Failure. Failure. Ship-cyclic loading from waves.
Failure Ship-cyclic loading from waves. Computer chip-cyclic thermal loading. University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 1 Chapter Outline: Failure How do Materials Break? Ductile
More informationPRESSURE-TEMPERATURE LIMIT CURVES
Training School, 3-7 September 2018 Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain) PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE LIMIT CURVES Carlos Cueto-Felgueroso This project received funding under the Euratom research and training
More information26. Irradiation Induced Mechanical Property Changes: Hardening and Embrittlement
26. Irradiation Induced Mechanical Property Changes: Hardening and Embrittlement General idea is that irradiation -induced microstructure causes deformation localization and consequent loss of ductility
More informationQuiz 1 - Mechanical Properties and Testing Chapters 6 and 8 Callister
Quiz 1 - Mechanical Properties and Testing Chapters 6 and 8 Callister You need to be able to: Name the properties determined in a tensile test including UTS,.2% offset yield strength, Elastic Modulus,
More informationActivities of OECD/NEA in the Regulatory Aspects of Plant Life Management
Activities of OECD/NEA in the Regulatory Aspects of Plant Life Management Andrei Blahoianu NEA / CSNI / IAGE Chairman Andrei.Blahoianu@cnsc-ccsn.gc.ca ccsn.gc.ca Alejandro Huerta OECD/NEA Nuclear Safety
More informationStructural design criteria
chapter three Structural design criteria Contents 3.1 Modes of failure... 3.2 Theories of failure... 3.3 Theories of failure used in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code... 3.4 Allowable stress limits
More informationME -215 ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESES
ME -215 ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESES Instructor: Office: MEC325, Tel.: 973-642-7455 E-mail: samardzi@njit.edu PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Chapter 3 Materials Properties STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE PROCESSING
More information21 Fracture and Fatigue Revision
21 Fracture and Fatigue Revision EG2101 / EG2401 March 2015 Dr Rob Thornton Lecturer in Mechanics of Materials www.le.ac.uk Fracture concepts Fracture: Initiation and propagation of cracks within a material
More informationProblem Solving Methodology
Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 20 (1): 117-123, 2014 ISSN 1990-9233 IDOSI Publications, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.20.01.11334 Problem Solving Methodology R. Raguram Department of Mechanical
More informationChapter 6 Mechanical Properties
Engineering Materials MECH 390 Tutorial 2 Chapter 6 Mechanical Properties Chapter 3-1 6.14:A cylindrical specimen of steel having a diameter of 15.2 mm and length of 250 mm is deformed elastically in tension
More information2067-1b. Joint ICTP/IAEA Workshop on Irradiation-induced Embrittlement of Pressure Vessel Steels November 2009
2067-1b Joint ICTP/IAEA Workshop on Irradiation-induced Embrittlement of Pressure Vessel Steels 23-27 November 2009 Advanced use of fracture toughness information for RPV integrity assesssments Enrico
More informationWHY DID IT BREAK? The Use of Microscopy in Failure Analysis
WHY DID IT BREAK? The Use of Microscopy in Failure Analysis David Taylor Professor of Materials Engineering Mechanical Engineering Dept. Trinity College Dublin How Things Break Mechanism Appearance Mechanical
More informationMethodology to Obtain Semi-Elliptical Cracks in a Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessel Model
Methodology to Obtain Semi-Elliptical Cracks in a Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessel Model Vida Gomes P. T. 1), Barreto Cruz J. R. 2), Mattar Neto M. 3) and. Scoralick Martins G. A 4) 1) Researcher of the
More informationIntroduction to Joining Processes
4. TEST METHODS Joints are generally designed to support a load, and must be tested to evaluate their load-supporting capabilities. However, it is also important to evaluate, not the joint, but rather
More informationAPPLICATION OF MASTER CURVE METHODOLOGY IN THE DUCTILE TO BRITTLE TRANSITION REGION FOR THE MATERIAL 20MnMoNi55 STEEL
APPLICATION OF MASTER CURVE METHODOLOGY IN THE DUCTILE TO BRITTLE TRANSITION REGION FOR THE MATERIAL 20MnMoNi55 STEEL S. Bhowmik, A. Chatterjee, S.K. Acharyya, P. Sahoo, S. Dhar, J. Chattopadhyay 2 Department
More information26. Irradiation Induced Mechanical Property Changes: Hardening and Embrittlement
26. Irradiation Induced Mechanical Property Changes: Hardening and Embrittlement 26.1 Introduction... 2 26.2. Changes in the Stress-strain curve after irradiation... 2 26.3 Hardening by Irradiation induced
More informationStructure-Property Correlation [9] Failure of Materials In Services
MME 297: Lecture 12 Structure-Property Correlation [9] Failure of Materials In Services Dr. A. K. M. Bazlur Rashid Professor, Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Topics to discuss today... Failure: An Introduction
More informationTypes of Fatigue. Crack Initiation and Propagation. Variability in Fatigue Data. Outline
Types of Fatigue Outline Fatigue - Review Fatigue crack initiation and propagation Fatigue fracture mechanics Fatigue fractography Crack propagation rate Example Factors affecting fatigue - Design factors
More informationLimits of NDT. Michael Kröning
Limits of NDT Material Degradation of Nuclear Structures - Mitigation by Nondestructive Evaluation TPU Lecture Course 2014 RUSSIAN GERMAN HIGH-TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION 4. Mitigation
More informationMechanical Properties
Mechanical Properties Elastic deformation Plastic deformation Fracture Fatigue Environmental crack growth Crack Instabilty ß σ T The critical crack length for given σ a a c = Q 2 K Ic σ a 2 a r ß a Sources
More informationATI 2205 ATI Technical Data Sheet. Duplex Stainless Steel GENERAL PROPERTIES. (UNS S31803 and S32205)
ATI 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel (UNS S31803 and S32205) GENERAL PROPERTIES ATI 2205 alloy (UNS S31803 and/or S32205) is a nitrogen-enhanced duplex stainless steel alloy. The nitrogen serves to significantly
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechanical Properties: In the course of operation or use, all the articles and structures are subjected to the action of external forces, which create stresses that inevitably cause
More informationFatigue of metals. Subjects of interest
Fatigue of metals Chapter 12 Subjects of interest Objectives / Introduction Stress cycles The S-N curve Cyclic stress-strain curve Low cycle fatigue Structural features of fatigue Fatigue crack propagation
More informationStress cycles: Dr.Haydar Al-Ethari
Dr.Haydar Al-Ethari Lecture #17/ Fatigue in metals: Fatigue is a degradation of mechanical properties leading to failure of a material or a component under cyclic loading. (This definition excludes the
More informationMSE 3143 Ceramic Materials
MSE 3143 Ceramic Materials Mechanical Properties of Ceramics Assoc.Prof. Dr. Emre YALAMAÇ Res.Asst. B.Şölen AKDEMİR 2017-2018 Fall 1 OUTLINE Elasticity & Strength Stress & Strain Behaviour Of Materials
More informationBFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
BFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING Course Guidelines: 1. Introduction to Engineering Materials 2. Bonding and Properties 3. Crystal Structures & Properties
More informationINGE Engineering Materials. Chapter 7: Part 2. Mechanical Failure. INGE Engineering Materials. Failure Analysis
Chapter 7: Part 2 Mechanical Failure This is just an introduction to failure analysis, a much more complex area of materials engineering. Failure Analysis Fractography: The study of fracture Analysis of
More informationIrradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking. By Topan Setiadipura [09M51695] (Obara Lab., Nuclear Engineering Dept., Tokyo Tech.
Introduction Short Review on Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking By Topan Setiadipura [09M51695] (Obara Lab., Nuclear Engineering Dept., Tokyo Tech.) Irradiation-assisted stress-corrosion cracking
More informationPVP ALTERNATIVE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR FLAWS IN FERRITIC STEEL COMPONENTS OPERATING IN THE UPPER SHELF TEMPERATURE RANGE
Proceedings of the ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference PVP2012 July 15-19, 2012, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA PVP2012-78190 ALTERNATIVE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR FLAWS IN FERRITIC STEEL COMPONENTS
More informationCE 221: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS I CHAPTER 3: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
CE 221: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS I CHAPTER 3: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS By Dr. Krisada Chaiyasarn Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Thammasat university Outline Tension and compression
More information1-6.4 THE CRACK TIP: THE INGLIS EQUATION
1-6.4 THE CRACK TIP: THE INGLIS EQUATION In our discussions of fracture so far we have assumed that the crack looks much like that shown in Figure 1.26a. The crack separates planes of atoms, is atomically
More informationFatigue failure & Fatigue mechanisms. Engineering Materials Chedtha Puncreobutr.
Fatigue failure & Fatigue mechanisms Engineering Materials 2189101 Department of Metallurgical Engineering Chulalongkorn University http://pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~pchedtha/ Fracture Mechanism Ductile
More informationResistência ao impacto. Testes Charpy:
Resistência ao impacto Testes Charpy: http://www.cimm.com.br/cimm/construtordepaginas/htm/3_24_8317.htm 1 Analysis of Charpy Impact Test Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Temperature 2 shock test machines
More informationLaboratory 3 Impact Testing of Metals
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering Technology, Dhaka MME 222 Materials Testing Sessional 1.50 Credits Laboratory 3 Impact Testing of Metals 1. Objective
More informationClaude FAIDY, EDF (France) Overview of EDF ageing management program of safety class components
program of safety class components Claude Faidy, Electricité de France - SEPTEN 12-14 Avenue Dutrievoz - 69628 Villeurbanne Cedex - France Tel: +33 4 7282 7279, Fax: +33 4 7282 7697 E-mail: claude.faidy@edf.fr
More informationTrue Stress and True Strain
True Stress and True Strain For engineering stress ( ) and engineering strain ( ), the original (gauge) dimensions of specimen are employed. However, length and cross-sectional area change in plastic region.
More informationFinding the Root Cause is Critical
Finding the Root Cause is Critical Have you ever repaired a tube leak and put the boiler back in service, only to be forced off-line by another leak? Identifying and correcting the root cause is essential.
More informationATI 332 ATI 332. Technical Data Sheet. Stainless Steel: Austenitic GENERAL PROPERTIES TYPICAL ANALYSIS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ATI 332 Stainless Steel: Austenitic (UNS N08800) GENERAL PROPERTIES ATI 332 alloy is a nickel and chromium austenitic stainless steel designed to resist oxidation and carburization at elevated temperatures.
More informationMechanical Properties
Mechanical Properties Elastic deformation Plastic deformation Fracture Fatigue Environmental crack growth Crack Instabilty ß σ T The critical crack length for given σ a a c = Q 2 K Ic σ a 2 a r ß a Sources
More informationSTP1220-EB/Aug Subject Index
STP1220-EB/Aug. 1995 Subject Index A Adhesive bonding, 222, 268 Aircraft, aging, 546, 557 Alumina, 19 Aluminum, 222 alloys, 358, 467, 546 copper alloy, 502 lithium alloy, 502 Antiplane shear effect, 191
More informationFailure Analysis and Prevention: Fundamental causes of failure
Failure Analysis and Prevention: Fundamental causes of failure This chapter defines the failure and elaborates the conditions for failure of mechanical components. Further, the fundamental causes of failure
More informationChapter 8: Mechanical Failure
Chapter 8: Mechanical Failure Topics... How do loading rate, loading history, and temperature affect the failure stress? Ship-cyclic loading from waves. Chapter 8 - Failure Classification: Fracture behavior:
More information2012:07. Research. Implementation of the Master Curve method in ProSACC. Author: Carl von Feilitzen Iradj Sattari-Far
Author: Carl von Feilitzen Iradj Sattari-Far Research 2012:07 Implementation of the Master Curve method in ProSACC Report number: 2012:07 ISSN: 2000-0456 Available at www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se SSM
More informationME 207 Material Science I
ME 207 Material Science I Chapter 4 Properties in Bending and Shear Dr. İbrahim H. Yılmaz http://web.adanabtu.edu.tr/iyilmaz Automotive Engineering Adana Science and Technology University Introduction
More informationSMM 3622 Materials Technology 3.1 Fatigue
SMM 3622 Materials Technology 3.1 Fatigue ISSUES TO ADDRESS... MECHANICAL FAILURE FATIGUE What is fatigue? Types of fatigue loading? Empirical data Estimating endurance/fatigue strength Strategies for
More informationRegulatory Guide Format and Content of Report for Thermal Annealing of Reactor Pressure Vessels
Regulatory Guide 1.162Format and Content of R... Page 1 of 36 February 1996 Regulatory Guide 1.162 Format and Content of Report for Thermal Annealing of Reactor Pressure Vessels Publication Information
More informationAssume that the growth of fatigue cracks in the plate is governed by a Paris type of law, i.e. da
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials Exam #3 May 16, 00 This examination contains 9 single-sided pages. Please give your answers only in this examination booklet. Do not use any other sheets of paper.
More informationFINAL TECHNICAL REPORT AN EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURE MECHANICS EVALUATION OF CREEP INDUCED EMBRITTLEMENT. NSF Grant ENG
FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT on AN EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURE MECHANICS EVALUATION OF CREEP INDUCED EMBRITTLEMENT NSF Grant ENG 77-04430 Period from Oct. 1, 1977 to Jan. 31, 1980 SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING GEORGIA
More informationAPPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUAL
NAVSEA Training Manual APPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUAL NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND NAVY DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, D.C. NAVSEA Training Manual APPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUAL NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND
More informationPhenomenon of (irradiation assisted) stress corrosion cracking for internals of PWR & BWR systems
Phenomenon of (irradiation assisted) stress corrosion cracking for internals of PWR & BWR systems Rdk Radek Novotny & Luigi Lii Db Debarberisb Institute for Energy (IE) Petten, The Netherlands http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu
More informationThe strength of a material depends on its ability to sustain a load without undue deformation or failure.
TENSION TEST The strength of a material depends on its ability to sustain a load without undue deformation or failure. This strength is inherent in the material itself and must be determined by experiment.
More informationStructural Integrity Assessments of Class 1 CANDU Components. Xinjian Duan, Michael J. Kozluk Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Structural Integrity Assessments of Class 1 CANDU Components Xinjian Duan, Michael J. Kozluk Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Outline Observed Degradations Steam Generator Tubing Feeder Piping Fitness-for-Service
More informationCANADIAN APPROACH ON REGULATORY ISSUES REGARDING AGEING MANAGEMENT, LONG TERM OPERATION AND PLANT LIFE MANAGEMENT
CANADIAN APPROACH ON REGULATORY ISSUES REGARDING AGEING MANAGEMENT, LONG TERM OPERATION AND PLANT LIFE MANAGEMENT T. Viglasky, A. Blahoianu, K. Kirkhope Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Canada Email
More informationBoiling Water Reactor Vessel and Internals
Boiling Water Reactor Vessel and Internals Program Description Program Overview As boiling water reactors have aged, various forms of operation-limiting stress corrosion cracking have appeared, first in
More informationView from the Penthouse
View from the Penthouse The DNFM Technical News Letter David N. French Metallurgists Ph: 502-955-9847 Fax: 502-957-5441 Web: www.davidnfrench.com Stress-corrosion-cracking (SCC) is a well-defined failure
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS. Materials Science
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS Materials Science Stress Stress is a measure of the intensity of the internal forces acting within a deformable body. Mathematically, it is a measure of the average force
More informationHow do we find ultimate properties?
Introduction Why ultimate properties? For successful product design a knowledge of the behavior of the polymer is important Variation in properties over the entire range of operating conditions should
More informationStructural Integrity and NDE Reliability I
Structural Integrity and NDE Reliability I Assessment of Failure Occurrence Probability as an Input for RI-ISI at Paks NPP R. Fótos, University of Miskolc, Hungary L. Tóth, P. Trampus, University of Debrecen,
More informationMECHANICS OF MATERIALS. Mechanical Properties of Materials
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Mechanical Properties of Materials By NUR FARHAYU ARIFFIN Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources Chapter Description Expected Outcomes Understand the concept of tension and
More informationADVANCING THE STATE OF PRACTICE IN STEEL BRIDGE EVALUATION: APPLICATION OF THE MASTER CURVE AND FITNESS-FOR- SERVICE FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES
ADVANCING THE STATE OF PRACTICE IN STEEL BRIDGE EVALUATION: APPLICATION OF THE MASTER CURVE AND FITNESS-FOR- SERVICE FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES WILLIAM COLLINS RYAN SHERMAN ROBERT CONNOR BIOGRAPHY Dr. William
More informationIAEA-TECDOC-1361 Assessment and management of ageing of major nuclear power plant components important to safety
IAEA-TECDOC-1361 Assessment and management of ageing of major nuclear power plant components important to safety Primary piping in PWRs July 2003 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA
More informationMME 131: Lecture 18 Fracture of Metals. Today s Topics
MME 131: Lecture 18 Fracture of Metals Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics How do things break? Fracture fundamentals Ductile vs. brittle fracture Characterstics of ductile
More informationTHE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL
THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL Stainless steel is primarily utilised on account of its corrosion resistance. However, the scope of excellent mechanical properties the within the family of
More informationATI ATI 2205 Alloy (UNS S31803 and S32205) Duplex Stainless Steel. Technical Data Sheet
Alloy (UNS S31803 and S32205) Duplex Stainless Steel GENERAL PROPERTIES alloy (UNS S31803 and/or S32205) is a nitrogenenhanced duplex stainless steel alloy. The nitrogen serves to significantly improve
More informationDURATINET COURSE - Testing Techniques for Structures Inspection LNEC Lisbon Portugal May 2012
DURATINET - Testing Techniques for Structures Inspection METALLOGRAPHY AND FRACTOGRAPHY OF IRON AND STEEL M. J. Correia LNEC, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, DM, Av. do Brasil, 101, 1700 066
More informationStructural Integrity Evaluation of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Reactor Coolant Piping for Continued Operation of Nuclear Power Plants GNEC
PLiM Symposium in Shanghai Structural Integrity Evaluation of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Reactor Coolant Piping for Continued Operation of Nuclear Power Plants 2007 년 10 월 18 일 YOUNG JONG KIM GNEC
More informationSteel-Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Pavements
Concrete Communication Conference 1-2 September 2008, University of Liverpool Steel-Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Pavements Naeimeh Jafarifar, Kypros Pilakoutas, Kyriacos Neocleous Department of Civil and
More informationChapter 6: Mechanical Properties: Part One
Slide 1 Chapter 6: Mechanical Properties: Part One ` 6-1 Slide 2 Learning Objectives 1. Technological significance 2. Terminology for mechanical properties 3. The tensile test: Use of the stress strain
More informationSOME ISSUES USING THE MASTER CURVE CONCEPT
SOME ISSUES USING THE MASTER CURVE CONCEPT Hans-Werner Viehrig and Jürgen Böhmert 1. Introduction The state-of-the-art structural integrity assessment of reactor pressure vessels (RPV) is based on the
More informationMATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION FOR PROCESS EQUIPMENT AND PIPING SYSTEMS
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION FOR PROCESS EQUIPMENT AND PIPING SYSTEMS SECTOR / ENGINEERING NON-TECHNICAL & CERTIFIED TRAINING COURSE Appropriate material selection is the cornerstone of pressure equipment
More informationFusion structural material development in view of DEMO design requirement
3 rd IAEA DEMO programme workshop 11 th 14 th May, 2015, Hefei, China Fusion structural material development in view of DEMO design requirement A case study on a RAFM steel F82H development in view of
More informationMAE 322 Machine Design Lecture 5 Fatigue. Dr. Hodge Jenkins Mercer University
MAE 322 Machine Design Lecture 5 Fatigue Dr. Hodge Jenkins Mercer University Introduction to Fatigue in Metals Cyclic loading produces stresses that are variable, repeated, alternating, or fluctuating
More informationFracture Mechanics. External Course Siemens. Winter
Fracture Mechanics External Course Siemens Winter 2011-12 Lars Damkilde Division for Structures, Materials and Geotechnics Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University 1 Presentation Background
More informationReproducible evaluation of material properties. Static Testing Material response to constant loading
Material Testing Material Testing Reproducible evaluation of material properties Static Testing Material response to constant loading Dynamic Testing Material response to varying loading conditions, including
More informationC. PROCEDURE APPLICATION (FITNET)
C. PROCEDURE APPLICATION () 63 INTRODUCTION INPUTS ANALYSIS FAD AND CDF ROUTES GUIDANCE ON OPTION SELECTION SPECIAL OPTIONS 64 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION: The Fracture Module is based on fracture mechanics
More informationSubject Index. Bending equation for surface cracks, 597 surface crack growth, Birefringent coatings, dynamic fracture behavior
STP969-EB/Jul. 1988 Subject Index A ADINA computer program, 74, 77 Aircraft landing wheels, fatigue crack growth, 872-874 analysis verification, 875-876 depth direction of, 881 fatigue life prediction,
More informationEXTRABUDGETARY PROGRAMME ON SAFETY ASPECTS OF LONG TERM OPERATION OF WATER MODERATED REACTORS
IAEA-EBP-LTO-03 21-05-04 EXTRABUDGETARY PROGRAMME ON SAFETY ASPECTS OF LONG TERM OPERATION OF WATER MODERATED REACTORS STANDARD REVIEW PROCESS INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY 1. INTRODUCTION The number
More informationPressurized Water Reactor Materials Reliability Program (QA)
Pressurized Water Reactor Materials Reliability Program (QA) Program Description Program Overview Stress corrosion cracking and general environmental corrosion of reactor coolant system components have
More informationCH 6: Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading
CH 6: Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading Some machine elements are subjected to statics loads and for such elements, statics failure theories are used to predict failure (yielding or fracture).
More informationAssessment and Management of Concrete Containment Buildings Life time management of concrete structures in Finnish nuclear power plants
Assessment and Management of Concrete Containment Buildings Life time management of concrete structures in Finnish nuclear power plants Jari Puttonen Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Aalto
More information