Minerals to know. Mineral Families. Calcite Fluorite Galena Kaolinite Halite Copper Talc Graphite Bornite Pyrite. Quartz. Mica. Gypsum.
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1 Minerals
2 Minerals to know Calcite Fluorite Galena Kaolinite Halite Copper Talc Graphite Bornite Pyrite Mineral Families Mica Biotite Muscovite Lepidolite Gypsum Satin Spar Selenite Feldspar Pink Others Quartz Crystal Chert Rose Citrine Milky Smokey Amethyst Hematite Massive Micaceous
3 Mineral Properties Color Streak Luster Hardness Density Crystal Shape Cleavage Fracture Fluorescence Reaction to Acid
4 Calcite 2A Color- all colors possible Streak- White Luster- Vitreous, Pearly, Waxy, Greasy Hardness- 3.0 (the 3 on the Mohs scale Density- 2.7g/cm 3 Vitreous Pearly White streak Greasy Waxy
5 Calcite 2A Cleavage- Rhombohedral, 3 directions none at 90 Dog Tooth Crystal Rhombohedral Cleavage Crystal Shape Dogtooth, Rhombohedral Nail head Conchoidal Fracture Fracture Conchoidal (Rarely observed) Nail Head Crystal Rhombohedral Crystal
6 Calcite 2A Sometimes Fluorescent Displays Double Refraction Reacts to Acid Double Refraction Fluorescence Reacting with acid
7 Galena 4A Color- Silver or Gray Streak- Gray Luster- Metallic bright or dull Hardness- 2.5 Density- 7.5g/cm 3 Gray streak
8 Galena 4A Fracture- rarely observed, usually breaks on cleavage Cubic Crystals Cubic Cleavage Crystal Shape- Cubes and Octahedrons are common Octahedral Crystals Cleavage- Cubic, 3 directions all 90
9 Galena 4A Lead Sinkers Bullets Galena is an ore of lead Lead is very heavy, but it is toxic We use lead as weights, and in bullets We used to use lead in gasoline and paint Leaded Gasoline Lead Paint
10 Color- Many colors Streak- White (harder than streak plate) Luster- Vitreous, Greasy Hardness- 7.0 (the 7 on the Mohs scale) Density- 2.6g/cm 3 Quartz Family Vitreous Greasy White streak
11 Quartz Family Crystal Shape- Hexagonal (6 sides) Hexagonal Crystals Cleavage- No cleavage Uneven Fracture Conchoidal Fracture Fracture- Conchoidal or uneven
12 Quartz Family Hexagonal Crystals Lab Grown Quartz Crystal Shape- Hexagonal (6 sides) Cleavage- No cleavage Fracture- Conchoidal or uneven Piezoelectric Conchoidal Fracture
13 Quartz Family Quartz Crystal- Clear Smokey Quartz- Black, Gray Chert- Opaque, Many colors Fine grained Citrine- yellow, orange, brown Amethyst- Purple Milky Quartz- Opaque White Rose Quartz- Pink
14 Quartz is used for gemstones Quartz Family Tourmalated Quartz- Quartz Crystal with tourmaline inclusions Cinnamon Quartz- Quartz Crystal with Hematite inclusions Rutilated Quartz- Quartz Crystal with rutile inclusions
15 Graphite 15A Color- Black, Grey, Silver Streak- Silvery-Black Luster- Earthy, Metallic Hardness- 1-2 Density- 2.1g/cm 3 Silver-Black streak
16 Graphite 15A Fracture- Uneven Uneven Fracture Basal Cleavage Crystal Shape- Hexagonal, Octahedral Hexagonal Crystal Octahedral Crystal Cleavage- Basal, 1 Direction
17 Graphite 15A Its dark color and softness are perfect for lead pencils Graphite has a layer of loose atomic bonds This makes it very soft and slippery The weak atomic bonds make graphite an excellent lubricator
18 Color- Many colors Streak- White Luster- Pearly, Hardness- 2.5 Density- 2.8g/cm 3 Mica Family White streak
19 Fracture- Uneven, rarely observed Mica Family Basal Cleavage Crystal Shape- Hexagonal, Bladed, Rose Hexagonal Crystal Mica Rose Bladed Mica Cleavage- Basal, 1 Direction, perfect
20 Mica Family Biotite 1A Muscovite 9 Lepidolite 10
21 Mica Family Mica is an excellent insulator of heat and electricity It is used in toasters and electronics to contain and direct heat It has been used as windows, and is still sometimes used in stove windows It is very sparkly when ground, so it is used as a type of glitter
22 Color- all colors possible Streak- White Luster- Vitreous, Greasy Hardness- 4.0 (the 4 on the Mohs scale) Density- 3.2g/cm 3 White streak Fluorite 3A
23 Fluorite 3A Uneven Fracture Octahedral Cleavage Octahedral Crystal Cubic Crystal
24 Fluorite 3A Used: As an additive in glass and enamels To make special lenses To make hydrofluoric acid As a flux to help smelt metals Flux Lenses Glass Enamel Acid
25 Fluorite 3A
26 Gypsum family 5A&11 Color- many colors possible Streak- White Luster- vitreous, silky, pearly, greasy, dull Hardness- 2.0 (the 2 on the Mohs scale Density- 2.3g/cm 3 White streak
27 Gypsum family 5A&11 Crystal Shape- Monoclinic, often bladed or elongated Monoclinic Bladed Rose Elongated Cleavage- Rhombohedral, 3 directions (1 good, 2 poor) none at 90 Fracturesplintery Slightly soluble in water Rhombohedral Cleavage Splintery Fracture
28 Gypsum family 5A&11 Massive Satin Spar Rose Selenite Fishtail
29 Gypsum family 5A&11 Uses- Plaster Drywall Fertilizer Cement Carvings
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