2014 Southeast Hay Convention

Transcription

1 214 Southest Hy Convention Effet of Polymer-Cote Ure on Bermugrss Forge Proution Effet of Polymer-Cote Ure on Bermugrss Forge Proution Introution Without A, users of fe risky lterntives. - H 3 voltiliztion loss Ammonium itrte (A) Ure Kthryn M. Pyne Dennis W. Hnok, PhD Deprtment of Crop n Soil Sienes University of Georgi Ammoni Voltiliztion Of Ure Ftors Inresing Voltiliztion é Temperture CO(H 2 ) 2 + 2H 2 O è 2 + CO 2-3 (urese enzyme) CO H 2 O è HCO OH - H OH - è H 3 (gs) + H 2 O 1. Fertilizer Applition 2. Hyrolysis of Ure 3. H 3 gs Voltilize é Humiity é Win é Soil Moisture é Soil ph é Orgni Mtter / Thth ê Rinfll/ Irrigtion fter pplition Introution Environmentlly Smrt itrogen Without A, users of fe risky lterntives. - H 3 voltiliztion loss relese through oting rther thn rekown of oting Enhne Effiieny (EE) prouts my reue voltiliztion loss - Urese inhiition - Enpsulte & relese Ammonium itrte (A) Ure BPT Relese mnipulte through polymer hemistry n thikness Moisture is require; soil temperture is primry regultor Polymer Coting + H 2 O Ktie Pyne, Grute Reserh Assistnt 1

2 214 Southest Hy Convention Effet of Polymer-Cote Ure on Bermugrss Forge Proution Introution Without A, users of fe risky lterntives. - H 3 voltiliztion loss Enhne Effiieny (EE) prouts my reue voltiliztion loss - Urese inhiition - Enpsulte & relese - BPT n ES trete ure hve reue voltiliztion y 64 n 81%, respetively. (Connell et l., 211) - ES releses too slowly n reues yiel ompre to BPT trete ure n onventionl A. Ammonium itrte (A) Ure BPT Polymer Coting Gol n Ojetives To evlute the potentil of ES:Ure Blens (%, 5%, 75%, 1% ES) in two split pplitions reltive to A or Ure split into four equl pplitions. Compre these ES lens n onventionl 1. Totl forge proution per yer 2. Forge yiel istriution within the growing seson 3. Ammoni voltiliztion loss 4. Reovery of the totl fertilizer pplie to the rop Ammonium itrte Ure Tretments Compre Tretments Compre Soure A Ure % ES 5% ES 75% ES 1% ES Chek Applition Rte t: Totl Rte (l of tul re -1 ) Soure Applition Rte t: Totl Rte (l of tul re -1 ) A Ure % ES 5% ES 75% ES 1% ES Chek Soure Tretments Compre Applition Rte t: Totl Rte (l of tul re -1 ) A Ure % ES % ES 75% ES 1% ES Chek Soure Tretments Compre Applition Rte t: Totl Rte (l of tul re -1 ) A Ure % ES % ES % ES % ES Chek Ktie Pyne, Grute Reserh Assistnt 2

3 214 Southest Hy Convention Effet of Polymer-Cote Ure on Bermugrss Forge Proution Mterils n Methos Mterils n Methos Sites: Two UGA Ag. Exp. Sttions - Clhoun - Etonton Russell ermugrss, 4 hrvests ew lotions eh yer Experiment Design: RCB - 4 replitions - Dt nlyze y Pro Mixe in SAS Plots hrveste with forge plot hrvester to height of 2.5 in - Smples rie, groun (1 mm) Anlyze for nutritive qulity t FEW l * Anlyze for nitrte on. * - Colorimetri etermintion y nitrtion of sliyli i (Ctlo et l., 1975). - Reporte s (O 3 -) ion mg kg -1 in DM Reovery Clultion Remove (fertilize plot) Remove (ontrol plot) Applition Rte * Dt not shown Mterils n Methos Ammoni Voltiliztion Trps - 1 ml.1 M H 2 SO 4 i trps - Covere y pv pipe enlosure for 7 ys in the fiel Results n Disussion Anlyze for mmonium on. - Extrt olorimetrilly nlyze for (Mulvney, 1996) - Reporte s - on. (mg L -1 ) Wether Dt 21 - Rinfll elow verge t oth lotions Clhoun: rought throughout growing seson - Etonton: hevy rin in mi-seson Averge rinfll t oth lotions Totl Rinfll (mm) Totl Rinfll (mm) Clhoun Yr Avg Jn Fe Mr Apr My Jun Jul Aug Sep Ot ov De Month Etonton Yr Avg Jn Fe Mr Apr My Jun Jul Aug Sep Ot ov De Month Ojetives Compre these ES lens n onventionl 1. Totl forge proution per yer 2. Forge yiel istriution within the growing seson 3. Ammoni voltiliztion loss 4. Reovery of the totl fertilizer pplie to the rop Ammonium itrte Ure Ktie Pyne, Grute Reserh Assistnt 3

4 214 Southest Hy Convention Effet of Polymer-Cote Ure on Bermugrss Forge Proution Forge Yiel (l re -1 yr -1 ) Tretment Effets on Totl Forge Proution Per Yer A, 4 pps Ure, 4 pps % ES: 5% ES: 75% ES: 1% ES: 1% Ure 5% Ure 25% Ure % Ure o Control Ojetives Compre these ES lens n onventionl 1. Totl forge proution per yer 2. Forge yiel istriution within the growing seson 3. Ammoni voltiliztion loss 4. Reovery of the totl fertilizer pplie to the rop Ammonium itrte Ure Columns followe y sme letters re similr t P =.5 Tretment Forge Yiel y Hrvest Etonton 21 e H1 H2 H3 H4 Hrvest 4 2 A Ure % ES 5% ES 75% ES 1% ES Chek 6 Forge Yiel (l re -1 yr -1 ) Tretment Columns followe y sme letters re similr t P =.5 Ojetives Compre these ES lens n onventionl 1. Totl forge proution per yer 2. Forge yiel istriution within the growing seson 3. Ammoni voltiliztion loss 4. Reovery of the totl fertilizer pplie to the rop Ammonium itrte Ure - Con. (mg L -1 ) Ammoni Voltiliztion Loss - Following Mi-Seson Fertiliztion Ure, 4 % ES: 5% ES: 1% Ure 5% Ure Columns followe y sme letters re similr t P =.5 Tretment 75% ES: 1% ES: 25% Ure % Ure o Control Ojetives Compre these ES lens n onventionl 1. Totl forge proution per yer 2. Forge yiel istriution within the growing seson 3. Ammoni voltilize fter H2 fertilizer pplition 4. Reovery of the totl fertilizer pplie to the rop Ammonium itrte Ure Ktie Pyne, Grute Reserh Assistnt 4

5 214 Southest Hy Convention Effet of Polymer-Cote Ure on Bermugrss Forge Proution Reovery (l remove l pplie -1 ) Effet of Tretment on the Reovery of Applie A, 4 pps Ure, 4 pps Columns followe y sme letters re similr t P =.5 % ES: 5% ES: 1% Ure 5% Ure Tretment 75% ES: 1% ES: 25% Ure % Ure Conlusions Totl yiel of the 5 n 75% ES lens were similr to tht of A. Throughout the growing seson, 5 n 75% ES lens hieve slow relese of without errti forge istriution. ES lens reue the mount of mmoni voltiliztion/trppe. Conlusions Implitions ES len pplitions split twie per seson reovere similr mounts of pplie s onventionl A, pplie four times. The nutritive vlue of the ES lens were generlly similr to A (t not shown). - itrte levels in ES lens of 5 n 75% were lower thn A (t not shown). Two equl split pplitions of 5%:5% or 75%:25% len of ES:Ure oul provie n lterntive to onventionl A reommentions. Eonomi nlyses shoul e onute to ssess the ost-effetiveness of this promising lterntive. Use of suh lens reues H 3 voltiliztion loss n inreses the reovery of pplie, reuing potentil environmentl threts. Trt. Bsi Cost Anlysis l l s $ s l s $ s trips $ trips Totl ure ure ES ES Yiel Forge Forge (l/a/yr) Cost Vlue net revenue 1 Ure x $21 $- 4 $2 $ $1,324.5 $ Ure x $21 $- 2 $1 $ $1, $ Ure: ES $15 15 $ $1 $ $1, $ Ure: ES $ $ $1 $ $1,44.88 $ ES 3 $- 3 $231 2 $1 $ $1, $83.88 QUESTIOS? Vlues Determine Assuming Ure Prie: $.7/ l ES Prie: $.77/ l 1 trip ross the fiel: $5 Totl Cost: $3 + fert $ + trip $ Forge Cost: Totl Cost / Yiel 5 l $7/le: $.14/ l DM Forge Vlue: Yiel x $.14/l DM et Revenue: Forge Vlue Totl Cost Ktie Pyne, Grute Reserh Assistnt 5

6 214 Southest Hy Convention Effet of Polymer-Cote Ure on Bermugrss Forge Proution Men RFQ Aross All Yers, Lotions, An Hrvests Men TD Conentrtion Aross All Yers, Lotions, An Hrvests Reltive Forge QulitY (unitless inex) A, 4 pps Ure, 4 pps ES: 5 ES: 75 ES: 1 ES: Chek 1 Ure 5 Ure 25 Ure Ure Totl Digestile utrients (g kg -1 ) A, 4 pps Ure, 4 pps ES: 1 ES 5 ES: 5 Ure 75 ES: 25 Ure 1 ES: Ure Chek Tretment Tretment Effet of Tretment on CP verge over ll yers, lotions, n hrvests Men o 3 - Con. Aross ll Yers, Lotions, An Hrvests Crue Protein (g kg -1 ) A Ure % ES 5% ES 75% ES 1% Chek ES itrte (O 3 -) Con. (mg kg -1 ) A, 4 pps Ure, 4 pps ES: 5 ES: 75 ES: 1 ES: Chek 1 Ure 5 Ure 25 Ure Ure e Tretment Tretment Iniene Of Risky o 3 - Con. Oserve Over 24 Hrvests umer of Os. Instnes A, 4 pps Ure, 4 pps >25 >45 ES: 5 ES: 75 ES: 1 ES: Chek 1 Ure 5 Ure 25 Ure Ure Tretment Ktie Pyne, Grute Reserh Assistnt 6