Understanding the Basics of Plastic Materials and the IAPD Thermoplastics Rectangle. Prepared by the IAPD Education Committee (Module 2)

Transcription

1 Understanding the Basics of Plastic Materials and the IAPD Rectangle Prepared by the IAPD Education Committee (Module 2)

2 Key Characteristics: Very High Cost Per Pound Excellent Properties Above 400 F Excellent Electrical Properties Excellent Dimensional Stability Low Coefficient of Friction AMORPHOUS HIGH PERFORMANCE PLASTICS IAPD THERMOPLASTICS RECTANGLE IMIDE MATERIALS PI PAI PBI SEMI-CRYSTALLINE HIGH PERFORMACE PLASTICS AMORPHOUS PLASTICS Key Characteristics High Cost High Temperature High Strength & Good Stiffness Good Chemical Resistance Transparency Hot W ater & Steam Resistance Polysulfone Polyetherimide Polyethersulfone Polyarylsulfone AMORPHOUS ENGINEERING PLASTICS Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength Good Impact Resistance Translucency Good Dimensional Stability Good Optical Qualities Polycarbonate Modified PPO Modified PPE Thermoplastic Urethane AMORPHOUS COMMODITY PLASTICS Key Characteristics: Low Cost Low Temperature Resistance] Low Strength Good Dimensional Stability Bond Well Typically Transparent Acrylic Polystyrene ABS PVC PETG CAB Key Characteristics: High Cost High Temperature High Strength Good Electrical Properties Outstanding Chemical Resistance Low Coefficient of Friction Good Toughness PVDF PTFE ECTFE FEP PFA PPS PEEK SEMI-CRYSTALLINE ENGINEERING PLASTICS Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength Good Chemical Resistance Good Bearing and W ear Properties Low Coefficient of Friction Difficult to Bond Nylon Acetal PET PBT UHMW -PE SEMI-CRYSTALLINE COMMODITY PLASTICS Key Characteristics: Low Cost Low Temperature Resistance Low Strength Excellent Chemical Resistance Low Coefficient of Friction Near Zero Moisture Absorption Very Good Electrical Properties Good Toughness Polyethylene Polypropylene Polymetnylpentene(TPX) SEMI-CRYSTALLINE PLASTICS AMORPHOUS PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Soften Over a Broad Range Of Temperatures Easy to Thermoform Tend to Be Transparent Bond W ell Using Adhesives and Solvents Prone To Stress Cracking Poor Fatigue Resistance Stuctural Applications Only (Not for Bearing & W ear) SEMI-CRYSTALLINE PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Sharp Melting Point Difficult to Thermoform Tend to Be Opaque Difficult To Bond Using Adhesives and Solvents Good Resistance To Stress Cracking Good Fatigue Resistance Good For Bearing and W ear, As W ell As Structural Applications

3 Definitions Thermoplastic Thermoset

4 Types of Imidized materials Amorphous plastics High performance Engineering Commodity Semi-crystalline plastics High performance Engineering Commodity

5 Amorphous vs. Crystalline Amorphous (a-morphous = without shape) - The polymer chains are in random arrangement. Molecular structure is incapable of forming regular order (crystallizing) with molecules or portions of molecules regularly stacked in crystal-like fashion. Molecular arrangement is randomly twisted, kinked and coiled. Crystalline - The polymer chains form a regular pattern. Molecular structure forms regular order (crystals) with molecules or portions of molecules regularly stacked in crystal-like fashion. Molecular arrangement is arranged in an ordered fashion.

6 Amorphous Commodity Key Characteristics Low cost, temperature resistance and strength Good dimensional stability Bonds well Typically, but not always, transparent

7 Amorphous Commodity Materials Acrylic (PMMA) Polystyrene (PS) Acrylonitrile - Butadiene - Styrene (ABS) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Polyethylene Terepthalate Glycol (PETG) Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB)

8 Amorphous Engineering Key Characteristics Moderate cost Moderate temperature resistance Moderate strength Good to excellent impact resistance Good dimensional stability Not true in all cases: Translucency

9 Amorphous Engineering Materials Polycarbonate (PC) Polyphenylene Oxide (Modified PPO) Polyphenylene Ether (Modified PPE) Thermoplastic Urethane (TPU)

10 Amorphous High Performance Key Characteristics High cost High temperature High strength and good stiffness Good chemical resistance Transparency Hot water and steam resistance

11 Amorphous High Performance Materials Polysulfone (PS) Polyetherimide (PEI) Polyethersulfone (PES) Polyarylsulfone (PAS)

12 Semi-Crystalline Commodity Key Characteristics Low cost, temperature resistance and strength Excellent chemical resistance Low COF Near zero moisture absorption Very good electrical properties Good toughness

13 Semi-Crystalline Commodity Materials Polyethylene (PE) High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Polypropylene (PP) Polymethylpentene (PMP)

14 Semi-Crystalline Engineering Key Characteristics Moderate cost, temperature resistance and strength Good chemical resistance Good bearing and wear properties Low COF Difficult to bond

15 Semi-Crystalline Engineering Materials Nylon (PA) Acetal (POM) Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET) Polybutylene Terepthalate (PBT) Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE)

16 Semi-Crystalline High Performance Key Characteristics Temperature resistance Good electrical properties and toughness Outstanding chemical resistance Low coefficient of friction (COF) High cost

17 Semi-Crystalline High Performance Materials Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Polytetra Fluoroethylene (PTFE) Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)

18 Imidized Materials Key Characteristics Very high cost per pound Excellent properties above 204 C/400 F Excellent electrical properties Excellent dimensional stability Low coefficient of friction (COF) Very low thermal expansion Good wear characteristics

19 Imidized Materials Materials Polyimide (PI) Polyamide-imide (PAI) Polybenzimidazole (PBI)

20 Key Characteristics: Very High Cost Per Pound Excellent Properties Above 400 F Excellent Electrical Properties Excellent Dimensional Stability Low Coefficient of Friction AMORPHOUS HIGH PERFORMANCE PLASTICS IAPD THERMOPLASTICS RECTANGLE IMIDE MATERIALS PI PAI PBI SEMI-CRYSTALLINE HIGH PERFORMACE PLASTICS AMORPHOUS PLASTICS Key Characteristics High Cost High Temperature High Strength & Good Stiffness Good Chemical Resistance Transparency Hot W ater & Steam Resistance Polysulfone Polyetherimide Polyethersulfone Polyarylsulfone AMORPHOUS ENGINEERING PLASTICS Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength Good Impact Resistance Translucency Good Dimensional Stability Good Optical Qualities Polycarbonate Modified PPO Modified PPE Thermoplastic Urethane AMORPHOUS COMMODITY PLASTICS Key Characteristics: Low Cost Low Temperature Resistance] Low Strength Good Dimensional Stability Bond Well Typically Transparent Acrylic Polystyrene ABS PVC PETG CAB Key Characteristics: High Cost High Temperature High Strength Good Electrical Properties Outstanding Chemical Resistance Low Coefficient of Friction Good Toughness PVDF PTFE ECTFE FEP PFA PPS PEEK SEMI-CRYSTALLINE ENGINEERING PLASTICS Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength Good Chemical Resistance Good Bearing and Wear Properties Low Coefficient of Friction Difficult to Bond Nylon Acetal PET PBT UHMW -PE SEMI-CRYSTALLINE COMMODITY PLASTICS Key Characteristics: Low Cost Low Temperature Resistance Low Strength Excellent Chemical Resistance Low Coefficient of Friction Near Zero Moisture Absorption Very Good Electrical Properties Good Toughness Polyethylene Polypropylene Polymetnylpentene(TPX) SEMI-CRYSTALLINE PLASTICS AMORPHOUS PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Soften Over a Broad Range Of Temperatures Easy to Thermoform Tend to Be Transparent Bond W ell Using Adhesives and Solvents Prone To Stress Cracking Poor Fatigue Resistance Stuctural Applications Only (Not for Bearing & Wear) SEMI-CRYSTALLINE PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Sharp Melting Point Difficult to Thermoform Tend to Be Opaque Difficult To Bond Using Adhesives and Solvents Good Resistance To Stress Cracking Good Fatigue Resistance Good For Bearing and Wear, As Well As Structural Applications