International Polymer Science and Technology

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1 Page 1 of 14 SMITHERS GROUP MENU International Polymer Science and Authors Instructions for Authors Access Logged into International Polymer Science and. Click Here To Logout Back Search Search Journals Applied Polymer Composites Title: Producing an integrated primary optic with focus head of an LED from LSR using an innovative IM technology Page Range: p.t/1-t/5 Author(s): Hopmann C; Roebig M; Kaup M The use of thermoplastics materials for optical applications is reaching its limits, Cellular Polymers International Polymer Science & Polymers & Polymer Composites Polymers from Renewable Resources Progress in Rubber, Plastics & Recycling

2 Page 2 of 14 particularly as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming increasingly highperformance. It is shown that highly transparent liquid silicone rubbers (LSRs) can meet the stringent requirements to enable new fields of application to be opened up for polymer optics. Research on a highly integrated injection moulding process for producing LSR precision optics for LEDs is reported. The process involves placing an LED circuit board into the injection moulding tool and then injecting a combined primary optic and focus head mode of LSR directly onto the LED chip. The optical design and mould technology are described. 10 refs. (Article translated from Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, 68, no. 2, 2015, pp ) Title: Possibility of using lithium polybutadiene in rubber mix formulations for the production of radial lorry tyres Page Range: p.t/7-t/11 Author(s): Borisenko V N; Akhmetov I G; Makarova N E The results of tests of rubber mixes for radial lorry tyre sidewalls and tread manufacture showed that when titanium polybutadiene was replaced with lithium polybutadiene the physicomechanical

3 Page 3 of 14 properties were significantly affected by the ratio of isoprene and butadiene rubbers in the formulations. With a high content of lithium polybutadiene (about 40 pph), it was necessary to adjust the formulation to improve the technological effectiveness of the rubber mixes and the properties of the rubber compounds. With an increase in the proportion of polyisoprene, the type of butadiene rubber had a less significant effect and in this case the physicomechanical properties were markedly improved. The SKD-L grade R lithium polybutadiene produced by OAO Nizhnekamskneftekhim was thus shown to be suitable for the manufacture of complex morot vehicle tyres, including winter grades. 11 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, no. 4, 2014, pp 6-9) Title: Influence of the ratio of plasticiser Tofinol to softener PN-6 on the properties of tread rubber. I. Processing and vulcanisation properties Page Range: p.t/13-t/15 Author(s): Mingazova D G; Mokhnatkin A M; Dorozhkin V P; Mokhnatkina E G A study was conducted to examine the influence of the ratio of Tofinol plasticiser to softener PN-6 on the processing

4 Page 4 of 14 properties of a rubber mix for the tread of winter-grade tyres and on the physicomechanical properties of rubber compounds produced from it. The specific properties investigated were plasticity, Mooney viscosity, cohesive strength, tackiness, vulcanisation rate and degree, and elastic recovery. The results obtained are presented and discussed and it is shown that Tofinol has a significant plasticising effect on the processing and vulcanisation characteristics of tread rubber mixes. 3 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, no. 4, 2014, pp 14-15) Title: Influence of the ratio of plasticiser Tofinol to softener PN-6 on the properties of tread rubber. II. Physicomechanical and dynamic properties Page Range: p.t/17-t/19 Author(s): Mingazova D G; Mokhnatkin A M; Dorozhkin V P; Mokhnatkina E G A study was conducted to examine the influence of the ratio of Tofinol plasticiser to softener PN-6 on the physicomechanical and dynamic properties that were directly related to the magnitude of intermolecular interaction in the rubber component of a tread rubber compound. Specific properties investigated were rebound resilience,

5 Page 5 of 14 coefficient of cold resistance, hardness, heat generation, dynamic strength under repeated elongation, crack growth resistance, tensile strength, tear strength and loss tangent. The results obtained are presented and discussed. 1 ref. (Pt.I, ibid, pp T/13-T/15) (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, no. 4, 2014, pp 16-17) Title: Influence of the ratio of plasticiser Tofinol to softener PN-6 on the properties of tread rubber. III. Role of exposure to heat Page Range: p.t/21-t/22 Author(s): Mingazova D G; Mokhnatkin A M; Dorozhkin V P; Mokhnatkina E G A study was conducted to examine the influence of the ratio of Tofinol plasticiser to softener PN-6 on the resistance to heat exposure of the rubber component of a tread rubber compound. The effects of short-time exposure to heat (coefficient of temperature stability at 100 deg C) and long-time exposure to heat (coefficient of heat stability at 100 deg C for 72 h) on the nominal tensile strength, tear strength, hardness and heat generation of tread rubbers were investigated. The results obtained are presented and discussed. It was found that at high temperature, as in the case of room temperature, there was a

6 Page 6 of 14 change in the role of the Tofinol plasticiser in the mixture with PN-6 at medium Tofinol/PN-6 ratios. This appeared to be due to the difference in the mechanisms of action of a true plasticiser, such as Tofinol, and PN-6 oil. 1 ref. (Pt.II, ibid, pp T/17-T/19) (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, no. 4, 2014, p. 18) Title: A study of the possibility of using a softener based on tyre pyrolysis fraction in carcass rubber mixes Page Range: p.t/23-t/25 Author(s): Minigaliev T B The effect of softener KUB-PM (the vat residue of tyre pyrolysis liquid fraction), used as a replacement for PN-6 oil, on the properties of carcass and breaker rubber mixes for radial tyres was studied. Specific processing properties investigated were plasticity, elastic recovery, Mooney viscosity, scorch resistance, cohesive strength, torque, vulcanisation time and tan delta. Physicomechanical properties examined included tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, heat generation, hardness, rebound resilience and bond strength. The possibility of replacing PN-6 oil with softener KUB-PM in radial tyre carcass rubbers was

7 Page 7 of 14 demonstrated, while this was not the case for breaker rubber mixes because of the reduction in adhesion to metal cord. 2 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, no. 4, 2014, pp 20-21) Title: A study of the combined use of carbon black and silicon dioxide in tyre tread formulations. I. Processing and vulcanisation properties Page Range: p.t/27-t/30 Author(s): Dorozhkin V P; Mokhnatkin A M; Zotov A L; Mokhnatkina E G An analysis was made of the effect of the ratio between the amounts of introduced carbon black (N234) and silicon dioxide (Zeosil 1165MR) in tyre tread formulations based on a blend of solution-polymerised SBR and polybutadiene rubber. The silicon dioxide is intended to increase the wet grip capacity of tyre, reduce their rolling resistance and increase their ecofriendliness. The properties of the rubber mixes studied were plasticity, elastic recovery, Mooney viscosity, scorch time, torque, cure rate and activation energy of vulcanisation. A significant influence of the ratio of carbon black to silicon dioxide on the processing and vulcanisation characteristics of the tread rubber mix was

8 Page 8 of 14 demonstrated. In the region of carbon black/silicon dioxide ratios of 50:30 to 30:50, a new physical structure was formed, affecting the elastic recovery, Mooney viscosity and vulcanisation rate of the rubber mix. The best tread rubber mixes from the viewpoint of the optimum combination of processing and vulcanisation properties were mixes with a carbon black/silicon dioxide ratio in the 60:20 to 30:50 range. 2 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, no. 4, 2014, pp 22-24) Title: A study of the combined use of carbon black and silicon dioxide in tyre tread formulations. II. Static and dynamic properties of vulcanisates Page Range: p.t/31-t/33 Author(s): Dorozhkin V P; Mokhnatkin A M; Zotov A L; Mokhnatkina E G An analysis was made of the effect of the ratio between the amounts of introduced carbon black (N234) and silicon dioxide (Zeosil 1165MR) on the static and dynamic properties of tyre tread formulations based on a blend of solution-polymerised SBR and polybutadiene rubber. Properties studied included tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, abrasion resistance,

9 Page 9 of 14 rebound resilience, Shore A hardness, dynamic strength under repeated elongation, heat generation, and cracking. The results showed that, in general, silica had a positive influence on the strength and dynamic properties of the tread rubber. With increasing silica content, the tear strength and true tensile strength increased and the resistance of rubber compounds to repeated elongation, to the appearance of the first crack and to crack growth increased significantly. Properties such as abrasion and hardness changed significantly as a function of the carbon black/silica ratio. The best combination of optimum static and dynamic properties was exhibited by tread rubbers with a carbon black/silica ratio of 60:20 to 30:50. 1 ref. (Pt.I, ibid, pp T/27-T/30) (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, no. 4, 2014, pp 26-27) Title: A study of the combined use of carbon black and silicon dioxide in tyre tread formulations. III. Laboratory service tests of tread rubber Page Range: p.t/35-t/37 Author(s): Dorozhkin V P; Mokhnatkin A M; Zotov A L; Mokhnatkina E G An analysis was made of the effect of the ratio between the amounts of introduced

10 Page 10 of 14 carbon black (N234) and silicon dioxide (Zeosil 1165MR) on the results of laboratory service tests of tyre tread formulations based on a blend of solution-polymerised SBR and polybutadiene rubber. It was found that, in terms of wet grip capacity, tread rubbers filled with different amounts of silica were preferable to carbon black-filled rubbers over a wide temperature range. In terms of resistance to lateral distortion on cornering, under dry road conditions, tread rubbers filled with different amounts of silica performed significantly better than carbon black-filled rubbers (carbon black parts or less). The introduction of silica into the tread rubber in low and medium quantities (carbon black/silica 70:10 to 40:40) increased the dry friction coefficient. Under 'harsh' wear conditions, the abrasion of tread rubbers increased with increase in silica content. 3 refs. (Pt.II, ibid, pp T/31-T/33) (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, no. 4, 2014, pp 28-30) Title: A study of the combined use of carbon black and silicon dioxide in tyre tread formulations. IV. Tread grip capacity on ice Page Range: p.t/39-t/41 Author(s): Zotov A L; Mokhnatkin A M; Dorozhkin V P; Mokhnatkina E G; Zaripov I S

11 Page 11 of 14 An analysis was made of the effect of the ratio between the amounts of introduced carbon black (N234) and silicon dioxide (Zeosil 1165MR) on the tread grip capacity on ice of radial car tyre tread formulations based on a blend of solution-polymerised SBR and polybutadiene rubber. The temperature range studied was -5 to -25 deg C., the loading range was N and the speed of rolling on ice was km/h. Isolines of the grip-on-ice ratings at different temperatures and speeds were obtained. The results indicated that, from the viewpoint of grip capacity with wet and icy road surfaces, treads with a medium and a high silica content exhibited much better properties than carbon black-filled treads. 2 refs. (Pt.III, ibid, pp T/35-T/37) (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, no. 4, 2014, pp 32-34) Title: A study of the combined use of carbon black and silicon dioxide in tyre tread formulations. V. Payne effect Page Range: p.t/43-t/48 Author(s): Zotov A L; Mokhnatkin A M; Dorozhkin V P; Mokhnatkina E G An analysis was made of the effect of the ratio between the amounts of introduced

12 Page 12 of 14 carbon black (N234) and silicon dioxide (Zeosil 1165MR) on tyre tread formulations based on a blend of solution-polymerised SBR and polybutadiene rubber. The change occurring in the filler-filler structure with change in the carbon black/silica ratio was studied. Curves of change in the storage modulus and loss modulus of rubber mixes with different filler ratios were obtained for the temperature range deg C and in the range of strain amplitudes %. The proposed processing of data on the change in storage modulus and tan delta in the form of their first derivatives with respect to shear strain amplitude made it possible to reveal differences in structures of the filler-filler and rubber-filler type arising in rubber mixes with variation in content of the two fillers. The main features arose in the region of medium filler ratios. The effective activation energies of the structural processes occurring at different amplitudes of strain of the studied specimens were estimated. It was also shown that the structural processes in networks of the carbon black-carbon black, silica-silica, rubber-carbon black and rubber-silica types proceeded at different strain amplitudes and with different activation energies. 10 refs. (Pt.IV, ibid, pp T/39-T/41) (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, no. 4, 2014, pp 36-39) Title: Influence of the composition of the gaseous atmosphere and temperature on the thermal degradation of rubber compounds Page Range: p.t/49-t/53 Author(s): Minigaliev T B; Dorozhkin V P

13 Page 13 of 14 A study was conducted with the aim of reducing the formation of polycyclic compounds during the pyrolysis of rubber compounds, e.g. in the recycling of tyres. The rubber mixes investigated were based on isoprene and polybutadiene rubbers and a styrene-butadiene copolymer. The gaseous and liquid fractions were analysed on a chromatograph with a capillary column and helium as the gas carrier. The experimental data obtained demonstrated that one of the main sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was the butadiene units in the composition of butadiene and styrene-butadiene rubbers. The use of carbon dioxide as the atmosphere in which the process was carried out markedly suppressed the formation of polycyclic aromatic compounds. The optimum range of thermal degradation temperatures of industrial rubber mixes ( deg C) made it possible to obtain the maximum yield of liquid hydrocarbons with the lowest content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 21 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, no. 4, 2014, pp 48-51)

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