WELCOME TO A PRESENTATION IN HPHT WELL

Transcription

1 WELCOME TO A PRESENTATION IN HPHT WELL Date: **/**/2017 By Amalendu Das DGM (D)

2 GROUND RULE 1. ALL MOBILE PHONES SHOULD BE IN SWITCH-OFF MODE OR SILENT MODE DURING THE SESSION 2. THIS IS A KNOLEDGE SHARING SESSION 3. ALL SHOULD RESPECT INDIVIDUALS VIEW 4. DOUBT (IF ANY) WILL BE CLEARED (OR TRIED TO CLEAR) ONE BY ONE 5. EVERYBODY MAY SHARE THEIR KNOW-HOW RELATED TO THE SUBJECT 6. NUMBER OF SLIDES: 27, WILL BE COVERED IN 30 TO 35 MINS (IDEAL)

3 M/s Nabors Rig in Kakinada Flare during Drilling operation (not during testing)

4 600 0 F & above HPHT hc (beyond naming category) F u-hpht F HPHT F 10 KP 15KP 20 KP 25 KP & above

5 Challenges of HPHT Wells Create higher rated MWD, LWD tools and other sub-surface Drilling and Production tools to cope up with High Pressure and High Tempt conditions. Overcoming the problems encountered during Drilling Cementing-cement Cracking, Micro Annulus, Zonal Isolation, High density of drilling fluid-stability, gel formation, Loss Circulation.

6 Challenges of HPHT Wells (cont.) Down hole pressure valves (above 350 deg F) Materials Gap-Elastomer stability at high temp, H2S Resistant alloys with their corresponding strength Well control- Unplanned Events, Uncertainty downhole P&T Accidental Loads Blowouts/uncontrolled flow. Narrow window between Pore Pressure and Frac-Pressure Hydrocarbon Influx and dissolution in oil based mud. Design of Casing- Higher Strength materials Design code mismatch between allowable stre

7 Challenges of HPHT Wells (cont.) Mismatch of material strength between hanger and casing. Issues for Well construction High Strength materials required with concurrent toughness/ductility. High Temperature condition impacts the strength of material. High Pressure-increase the risk of Burst and collapse failure. Corrosion resistant. No metallic seal stability in high temp. Combined effect of high temp and unpredicted extreme downhole conditions on materials

8 WELL HEAD DESIGN CRITERIA TECHNOLOGY QUALIFICATION (TQ) PER API TR 17 TR 8 & API TR 1 PER 15K-1 API RP 17 N & TECHNOLOGY REDINESS LEVEL (TRL) API PER 15K (API TR 1PER15K-1 Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, STANDARD by American Petroleum Institute, 03/01/2013) SYSTEM ANALYSIS & TESTING NO CLEAR CODE, STANDARDS & REGULATIONS.

9 WELL HEAD DESIGN CRITERIA (cont.) WELL HEAD SURFACE EQUIPMENT FOR HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (HAZID/HAZOP) IS TYPICALLY DIFFERENT API 16A: NOT SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED FOR DESIGN OF HPHT PRESSURE EQUIPMENT SHEAR /SEALING COMPATIBILITY OF PRESSURE COMPONENTS FRACTURE & FATIGUE PRINCIPLE

10 WELL HEAD DESIGN CRITERIA (cont.) CORROSION TEST

11 WELL HEAD DESIGN CRITERIA (cont.) MANUFACTURERS PRESSURE TEST RECOMMENDATIONS API 14A 11 TH EDITION TEST PRESSURE ABOVE 10 K: RWP+5K BELOW 10 K: 150% OF RWP HPHT: 12 EDITION OF API 14A MAY BE ADOPTED (ISSUED JAN 2015, EFFECTIVE JAN 2016) ASME FFS OR API 579

12 CEMENTING TECHNOLOGY Example IN THICK SALT GYPSUM FORMATION: RECOMMENDATIONS SUITABLE CASING SHOULD BE-TP 155 STELL GRADE CEMENT SLURRY GM/CC (HI-DENSITY) SPACER GM/CC (SALT TOLERANT)

13 CEMENTATION: POST CRACK DESIGN CAP ROCK FAILURE: CEMENT CRACK DUE TO SHRINKAGE VOLUMETRIC CHANGE AND TENSION ON CEMENT EARLIER DESIGN: CONSIDERED STRESS ONLY-NO STRESS ALLOWED. BUT NOW, CONSIDERED STRAIN-LIMITED PLASTIC STRAIN ALLOWED. MICRO-CRACK - 1/1000 (25.4 MICRON) OF WIDTH IS ALLOWABLE (RECOMMENDED).

14 CEMENTATION: POST CRACK DESIGN (CONT.) CRACK STARTS AT 3KSI (kilo pounds per sq inch) OF DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE. 10 KSI DIFF PRESSURE IS ALLOWABLE (RECOMMENDED) DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNAL PRESSURE (INSIDE CASING) AND EXTERNANAL PRESSURE (FROM OUT SIDE OF CEMENT COLUMN) ALSO CRACK DEVELOPED DUE TO RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE (HEATING RATE). IF HEATING RATE INCREASES, THE FAILURE RATE ALSO INCREASES (STEEP GRADIENT).

15 CEMENTATION: POST CRACK DESIGN (CONT.) UNIQUE DESIGN METHODOLOGY: a) STRESS ANALYSIS b) GAS MIGRATION ADVISOR c) INTEGRATED EVALUATION d) LOSS CIRCULATION PILL ADVISOR e) HYDRAULIC SIMUTATOR (BACK BONE) f) LABORATORY & COMPUTER MODELING (NOT YET DEVELOPED TO MEET ACTUAL SITUATION)

16 CEMENTATION: POST CRACK DESIGN (CONT.) IDEAL CEMENT PROPERTY (?): TENSILE STRENGTH: 1500 PSI COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH: TO PSI

17 WELL CONTROL RULES RESPONSE TO GULF OF MAXICO INCIDENT (MACANDO): GUIDELINE - CFR TITLE 30 (PARTS ). STRESSED ON a) DRILLING MARGINS b) API STANDARDS c) REAL TIME MONITORING d) CASING/CEMENTING e) BOP EQUIPMENT f) CONTAINMENT g) INSPECTION/MECHANICAL INTEGRITY h) ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

18 WELL CONTROL RULES (CONT.) Unintended Consequences may increase risk and decrease safety Unachievable and Unrealistic Implementation Period Additional Administrative Burden for BSEE BOP requirements beyond API Standard 53 All at once Inspection and Certification of BOP Drilling Margins RTM

19 WELL CONTROL RULES (CONT.) UNDER CFR TITLE 30 EXAMPLES: a) PART (a): SURFACE ACCUMULATOR CAPACITY 1.5 TIMES OF FLUIDE VOLUME UNDER ALL OPERATING CONDIONS OF BOPS AGAINST MASP. b) PART (v): EMERGENCY DISCONNECT SEQUENCE. c) PART (b), 739(d): TRAINING & QUALIFICATION. d) PART (a)(1), (a)(16)(i): BOP

20 FIVE YEAR INSPECTION-CFR PART 250 Comment from Cameron

21 SURFACE ACCUMULATOR CAPACITY-CFR PART 250 (Comment from Cameron cont.)

22 EMERGENCY DISCONNECT SEQUENCES-CFR PART 250 The danger of this is that it could severely restrict our ability to operate

23 TRAINING AND QUALIFICATION-CFR PART 250

24 WELL CONTROL

25 WELL CONTROL -CFR#30 PART 250 API STANDARDS & SPECIFICATIONS

26 COMMENTS NO CLEAR CODE, STANDARDS & REGULATIONS TILL DATE FOR HPHT CATEGORY WELLS. IT IS STILL IN REASERCH STATE (TRIAL AND ERROR METHOD IN SOME AREAS)

27 THANK YOU