rcb, a unique material

Transcription

1 rcb, a unique material 18 th January 2017

2 What is Carbon Black?

3 Carbon Black A fine powder is produced via the partial combustion of heavy petroleum feedstock It is near 100% elemental carbon Identified by CAS # *Picture courtesy of Birla carbon

4 Furnace Carbon Black Structure Primary Particle Aggregate Agglomerate Weak Van der Waals Fused, chemically bonded ~20 to 100nm interactions between primary particles aggregates

5 Structure, (OAN values in cc/100g) Carbon Black Classification Normal or Slow Cure Example = N330 Indicates primary particle size Arbitrarily assigned N683 TYRE SIDEWALL/ EXTRUSIONS N550 PASSENGER TREAD N339 N375 TRUCK/ HIGH PERFORMANCE TREAD N234 N220 N110 N115 N N N INNER LINER/ AV MOUNTS/ SEALING/ MOULDINGS N772 TYRE SKIM COMPOUNDS N AV MOUNTS/ SEALING N990 CARCASS TREAD Surface Area (STSA values in m 2 g)

6 What is rcb?

7 rcb Structure Development - Feedstock

8 rcb Structure Development Pyrolysis

9 At this stage, the material is referred to as Char ASTM D3053: Char is the unprocessed material obtained after a pyrolysis process of scrapped rubber goods. May contain steel & fabric. Not-suitable for rubber applications. Low value.

10 rcb Structure Development - Polishing

11 rcb Structure Development - Polishing ASTM D3053: A material recovered from scrapped rubber goods via pyrolysis, typically containing 10 to 20wt% of non-carbonaceous material. Has semi-reinforcing properties in the region of N600 to N700 series grades. Free of steel & fabric. Requires particle size reduction. Requires pelletisation. Many potential rubber and plastics applications.

12 rcb Properties

13 2016 rcb Benchmarking Programme 25 rcb samples from 5 continents No char but not all pelleted Mix of commercial and pilot scale processes Batch and continuous processes

14 Void Volume 50MPa (cm 3 /100g) Colloidal Map Furnace rcb N660 XT1004 N772 N550 N STSA (m 2 /g) Confirms colloidal properties fall between N500 N300 series Narrow spread in structure (data generated bi HITEC). Broader spread in surface area.

15 N990 N772 N660 N550 N326 N330 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18 #19 #20 #21 #22 #23 #24 #25 Cleanliness Spread in the cleanliness of rcb from different manufacturers Low volatile rcb has been associated with v. low PAH content High volatile content = poor reinforcement and strong odour!

16 Weight % Composition Volatile Carbon Silica ZnO Other N772 European North America South America South Africa Asia Differences in composition (averaged by region) Higher silica content in European rcb

17 In-Rubber Dispersion

18 N550 Dispersion Example Sections of ASTM D3192 compound. Uniform distribution of carbon black achieved.

19 This is Achievable with rcb Sections of ASTM D3192 compound. Full post-rector processing necessary.

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22 Or Not!

23 Physical Properties

24 Carcass Grade Performance Viscosity Hysteresis, tan δ max Shore A Refined rcb N772 Elongation to Break M300% Tensile strength Numerous studies performed to demonstrate the properties of rcb can match carcass grades. These studies have been conducted as benchmarking exercises no formulation optimisation attain maximum rcb performance.

25 Δ M300% Predicting Performance is Difficult! NXXX rcb Δ Hardness XT1004 N772 N550 N660 N N330 N N

26 Δ M300% Predicting Performance is Difficult! NXXX rcb Δ Hardness XT1004 N772 N550 N660 N N330 N N Those with poor dispersion or high volatile content removed.

27 Dynamic Properties

28 E', MPa Strain Dependency rcb Predicted rcb Actual N234 N330 N326 N550 N660 N772 N DSA, %

29 E', MPa Strain Dependency NXXX rcb y = x R² = N N330 N N990 XT1004 N550 #2 N550 #1 N550 #3 N660 N STSA, m 2 g Confirms reduced surface activity (filler-filler interactions). Reduced hysteresis is a performance enhancer for some applications.

30 Potential Applications

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32 Challenges

33 Market Perception Volumes Oil Price Standardisation

34 Reasons to be optimistic

35 Reduced CO 2 Emissions Other Environmental Benefits Performance Enhancers Sustainable Source of Filler to Support Tyre Manufacturing Growth

36 Questions? Contact us: Chris Norris PhD, MSc, BSc (Hons)

37 Thank You for Joining Us End users Materials producers ARTIS OEMs Investors Recyclers