ADVANCED TECHNICAL CERAMICS

Transcription

1 ADVANCED TECHNICAL CERAMICS DIRECTORY AND DATABOOK Compiled by Bob Hussey and Jo Wilson RJ Technical Consultants Charente Maritime France 1m ~-~ SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA,B.V

2 Published by Chapman & Hali, an imprint of Thomson Science, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SEl SHN, UK Thomson Science, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SEI 8HN, UK Thomson Science, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA Thomson Science, Suite 750,400 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Thomson Science, Pappelallee 3, Weinheim, Germany First edition Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hali in 1998 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1998 Thomson Science is a division of International Thomson Publishing ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Ali rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. Applications for permission should be addressed to the rights manager at the London address of the publisher. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library S Printed on acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with ANSIINISO Z (Permanence of Paper).

3 PREFACE The overall aim of this book is to aid the selection and sourcing of advanced technical ceramic materials. It provides concise, relevant technical data combined with details of material sources world-wide. Advanced Technical Ceramics (ATC's) can be defined as 'highly engineered, high-performance, predominantly nonmetallic, inorganic, ceramic materials having specific functional attributes'. This covers many materials and product classes often separated by their applications (mechanical, thermal, electrical, etc.). It excludes commodity products such as building materials, pottery, whiteware and solely fibrous types. However, where suppliers provide more traditional materials (e.g. porcelains for electrical applications) as well as ATC's, some of these have been included for completeness. ATC's are all essentially synthetic materials, although often resulting from the processing of extracted minerals and ores. The term 'Advanced Technical Ceramic' is used throughout this book but some countries describe these materials as 'Fine Ceramics' (Japan) and 'Engineering Ceramics' (UK). In general ATC's are: o Brittle, o Hard, wear resistant and erosion resistant, o Corrosion resistant, o Dimensionally stable, o Highly temperature resistant. Specialised characteristics of some materials may include: o Electrical insulation or conductivity. o Ionic conduction. o o Neutron absorption. o Biocompatibility. Piezoelectric or dielectric characteristics. Some are high-purity, single constituent materials. Many are blended or chemically modified with other compounds. This provides a range of materials which can be processed into a variety of forms with the required mechanical and physical characteristics. The applications for any particular material can be diverse; exploiting different aspects of its properties. THE STRUCTURE OF THIS BOOK It is divided into four main parts: o Part One - Review: introduces the types of ATC's, their processing methods and typical applications. o Part Two - Directory: contains comprehensive listings of manufacturers, their product types, tradenames and contact details. o Part Three - Data: divided into basic material groups organised by their broad chemical composition. Allowing comparison between basic properties, plus a series of individual data sheets, one for each of the products. Oxides (mixed and single). Carbides. Nitrides. Elemental. Composites. Piezoelectric. Miscellaneous. o Part Four - Appendices A - Test specifications & standards. B - Glossary. C - Multilingual Vocabulary: key words. D - Conversion factors. o Index: Manufacturers, product types and codes. NOTES The characteristics and property data in this book have been compiled from technical data sheets obtained from suppliers; to whom we extend our gratitude. Great care has been taken to ensure that the information is accurately presented here. However, no responsibility can be taken for any errors or omissions. The property data generally available for advanced technical ceramics does not carry the same level of confidence as, say, that for metal alloys. Some of the information is only typical of the material and often no test specifications are given. The data presented here are certainly not guaranteed values and cannot be used for design purposes. Suppliers of advanced technical ceramics generally offer comprehensive material selection, design and manufacturing services, always seek their advice at an early stage. For this first edition, we have tried to include the largest number of companies and products. Inevitably some will have been missed and others who were contacted did not wish to be included. Inclusion is completely free of charge, requiring you only to send your company's information to us. We would very much like to have your comments on the merits or shortcomings of this book, and welcome any suggestions for improvements to subsequent editions. The final page gives details of how to contact us - please do so.

4 Contents Preface iii Property Requirements for ATC Applications 7 The Structure of this Book iii Applications for ATC's 8 General Mechanical Use Notes 8 iii General Mechanical Use to High Temperatures 9 Contents iv Advanced High Temperature Technologies 9 Acknowledgements vi Wear Resistant Applications 9 PART 1: REVIEW 1 Electrical - insulators 10 Electronic - insulators 10 Background 1 Electrical - conductors 10 Initial Developments Functional ceramics - piezoelectric, electrostrictive or Electronic Ceramics pyroelectric properties 11 Engineering Applications Optical Elements 11 Ceramic Matrix Composites 2 Processing Methods 11 Recent Developments 2 Shaping Techniques 11 Basic Classes of Advanced Technical Ceramics 2 Sintering Techniques 12 Oxides 2 Combined Shaping and Sintering Techniques 12 Alumina - Aluminium Oxide - AI203 2 Vapour-phase Techniques 13 Beryllia - Beryllium Oxide - BeO 3 Design Considerations 13 Cordierite - Magnesium Aluminosilicate 3 Material Selection 13 Magnesia - Magnesium Oxide - MgO 3 Component Design 13 Mullite - 3AI20302Si02 3 Testing & Evaluation Methods 13 Silica - Silicon Dioxide - Si02 3 Health & Safety Aspects 13 Steatite - Magnesium Silicate - MgOoSi02 3 Further Reading 14 Titania - Titanium Dioxide - Ti02 3 Journals 14 Zirconia - Zirconium Dioxide - Zr02 3 Books 14 Carbides 4 SAE Documents 17 Boron Carbide - B4C 4 ESA Handbooks 18 Silicon Carbide - SiC 4 ISO Technology Trends Assessment 18 Nitrides 4 USA MIL-Handbook 18 Aluminium Nitride - AIN 4 Electronic Information 18 Boron Nitride - BN 4 PART 2: DIRECTORY 19 Sialon - fulicon Aluminium QXYnitride 5 Silicon Nitride - ShN4 5 Manufacturers' Product Ranges 20 Tradenames & Standard Product Codes 22 Elemental 5 Manufacturers & Suppliers - Addresses 28 Carbon - C 5 Silicon -Si 5 Manufacturers & Suppliers - Countries 85 Ceramic Matrix Composites 5 Other Addresses 92 Whisker-reinforced composites 6 PART 3: DATA 103 Carbon-Carbon Composites 6 Carbon reinforced silicon carbide 7 Silicon carbide reinforced silicon carbide 7 Presentation of Data 103 Comparison Tables 103 Functional Ceramics 7 Data Sheets 103 Piezoelectric Ceramics 103 Piezoelectric Ceramics 7 Miscellaneous 7 Key 104 Glass-ceramics 7 Titanium Diboride - TiB2 7

5 v Oxide Ceramics 105 Miscellaneous Ceramics 447 Comparison Tables - Oxides 106 Data Sheets - Miscellaneous Ceramics 448 Aluminium Oxide Ceramics 106 Magnesium Oxide Ceramics 110 PART 4 - APPENDICES 463 Silicon Dioxide (Silica) Ceramics 110 Appendix A - International Standards 464 Zirconium Dioxide Ceramics 111 AFNOR Standards 464 Other Oxide Ceramics (Various) 113 ANSI Standards 469 Mixed Oxide Ceramics (Various) 114 ANSI/ADA 469 Silicate-based Ceramics (Various) 114 ANSI/SAE 469 Titanates (Various) 116 ANSI/EIA 469 Zirconates (Various) 116 ANSIIIEEE 469 Data Sheets - Oxides 117 ASTM Standards 469 Carbide Ceramics 301 British Standards 471 Comparison Tables - Carbides 302 DIN Standards 472 Boron Carbide Ceramics 302 EN Standards 475 Silicon Carbide Ceramics 302 Other Carbide Ceramics 303 ISO Standards 477 Data Sheets - Carbides 304 IEC Standards 478 SAE Standards 480 Nitride Ceramics 331 Ground Vehicle Standards (J) 480 Comparison Tables - Nitrides 332 SEMI Standards 480 Aluminium Nitride Ceramics 332 Boron Nitride Ceramics 332 USA MILITARY 480 Silicon Nitride Ceramics 333 Optical 480 Sialons 335 Others 480 Sialon + Boron Nitride 335 IEEE 480 Sialon + Silicon Nitride 335 USA Department of Defense 480 Others Nitrides 335 Appendix B - Glossary 481 Data Sheets - Nitrides 336 References 485 Elemental Materials 393 Appendix C - Vocabulary 487 Data Sheets - Elemental Materials 394 Eng/ish-French-German-Ita/ian-Spanish Ceramic Matrix Composites 409 Appendix D - Conversion Factors 493 Data Sheets - Ceramic Matrix Composites 410 INDEX 495 Piezoelectric Ceramics 419 Index of Product Codes 495 Key 419 Index of Suppliers & Product Types 504 Comparison Table - Piezoelectric Ceramics 421 Data Sheets - Piezoelectric Ceramics 422 Call For Contributions

6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank: Dr. Martin Moore for his support and assistance in information gathering and for providing quick answers to our queries. Dr. Barry Newland of Morgan Materials Technology for an insight into the ATC industry, its history and the current aims and objectives of international standardisation bodies. Mr. Rich Zumpone (ACerS) for his interest and help with the American sector.