SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR THE POSITIVE ELECTRODE OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES

Transcription

1 SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR THE POSITIVE ELECTRODE OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES

2 Imerys & Carbon A STRONG COMPANY C-NERGY versus application benefits Imerys & Carbon, member of the Imerys Group, is the reference for innovative capability in the field of carbon-powder-based solutions: natural graphite and synthetic graphite powders, conductive carbon blacks, as well as silicon-carbon composites and water dispersions. High standards in terms of employees health and safety, social behaviour and environmental responsibility are core values of the company, which is capturing opportunities by developing new products and applications, investing in assets & people, and growing its commercial presence worldwide. VERY HIGH PURITY The total Fe content for our conductive carbon blacks is less than 5 ppm The total Fe content for our graphite is less than 0 ppm C-NERGYTM grades have very low total metallic impurity content Increased battery safety Lower rejection ratio Fully compatible with most electrolyte systems PRODUCT Employees Worldwide Countries FINANCIAL STRENGHT 6 Industrial Sites RELIABLE PARTNER Since 1908 S&T Centers BET SURFACE AREA (m/g) ASH CONTENT (wt. %) TOTAL FE (ppm) Carbon black SUPER P Li C-NERGYTM 45 TIMREX KS C-NERGYTM KS6L 0 15 C-NERGY RESPONSIBLE GROWTH TM Typical value Profitable Imerys, company, the world part of leader in mineral-based specialty solutions for industry, listed on the Paris stock exchange IMERYS GROUP 017 INNOVATION STRATEGY COMMITMENT TO ocused on the market F and the Customer s needs SECURITY OF SUPPLY reen Technology and G Sustainable Development REDUCTION OF 6 Industrial sites OUR DRIVING FORCE CO Footprint ENGAGEMENT WITH Customer Service Local Communities EASE OF PROCESSABILITY 18,300 WORKFORCE REVENUE 4.6 Bn OPERATING MARGIN 14.1 % No additional pre-dispersing unit is needed No dispersing aid is needed Very high loading is possible Cost savings on NMP and faster drying time when C-NERGYTM is applied Willebroek, Belgium Lac-des-Îles (QC), Canada Terrebonne (QC), Canada Seoul, South Korea HIGH ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY Bironico, Switzerland Shanghai, China Bodio, Switzerland Headquarters Sales offices R&D Laboratories Industrial sites High structure, which can be seen from the high oil absorption number (OAN) High crystallinity Low dosage is sufficient to achieve the percolation threshold High energy density Improved power density Cost reduction thanks to lower dosage needed Tokyo, Japan Kawasaki, Japan Kitakyushu, Japan Otjiwarongo, Namibia The BET surface area for our conductive carbon blacks is lower than competition Well-defined particle size distribution (PSD) Well-suited for lithium-ion battery processing environment GOOD COMPRESSIBILITY Compressibility can be increased with the addition of fine graphite particles having high crystallinity and low spring back High energy density Improved power density Improved flexibility of the electrode 3

3 C-NERGY versus application benefits PERCOLATION CURVES Percolation curves of C-NERGY TM in different active materials Electrical volume resistivity of dry powder mixtures consisting of either LiFePO 4 (LFP), LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O (NMC), or LiCoO (LCO) with various dosages of C-NERGY TM conductive additive (measured at 450 kg/cm ). The percolation curves are specific for a particular carbon additive: active material pairing and must be determined experimentally. The measured percolation curves are useful for the development of electrode formulations containing suitable concentrations of conductive additives. Percolation curves of C-NERGY TM conductive additives in LiFePO 4 Electrical volume resistivity of dry powder mixtures consisting of LiFePO 4 with various dosages of different C-NERGY TM conductive additives (measured at 450 kg/cm ). The percolation curves in LiFePO 4 are shifted to higher concentrations of conductive additive due to the higher resistivity of LiFePO 4 compared to LiCoO. At low additive concentration, mixing conductive carbon black with graphite allows for increased compressibility without significant loss of conductivity (synergistic effect). 10 LFP NMC LCO KS6L 3 wt. % + KS6L 3 wt. % Conductive additive (wt. %) Amount of Conductive additive (wt. %) Percolation curves of different conductive additives in LiCoO Electrical volume resistivity of dry powder mixtures consisting of LiCoO with various dosages of different conductive additives (measured at 450 kg/cm ). C-NERGY TM conductive additives have complementary characteristics; carbon black starts percolating at lower concentration, while graphite enhances the compressibility, resulting in lower resistivity at high additive concentrations. Both C-NERGY TM and decrease the electrical resistivity of the powder mixtures to lower levels compared to acetylene black. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY Electrical resistivity of LiFePO 4 with 6 wt. % C-NERGY TM conductive additives Electrical volume resistivity vs. sample density of dry powder mixtures consisting of LiFePO 4 with 6 wt. % of different C-NERGY TM conductive additives. Conductive carbon black efficiently decreases the electrical resistivity at low additive concentrations, whereas graphite enhances the compressibility of the powder mixtures and improves the inter-particle contacts. A synergistic effect is observed when mixing conductive carbon black with graphite (giving simultaneously good compressibility and low electrical resistivity). 10 KS6L Acetylene black 10 KS6L 6 wt. % SFG6L 6 wt. % 6 wt. % 6 wt. % 3 wt. % + KS6L 3 wt. % Density (g/cm 3 ) Conductive additive (wt. %) 4 5

4 C-NERGY TM versus application benefits ONE-STOP SHOP for Lithium-Ion Batteries RHEOLOGY Rheology of LiCoO dispersions in NMP for different conductive additives Rheology of LiCoO (94 wt. %), PVDF (3 wt. %), and 3 wt. % of either C-NERGY TM, C-NERGY TM, or acetylene black dispersed in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) for the same total mass of the dispersion. The BET surface area of the conductive additive plays an important role on the rheology of the electrode dispersion. Electrode manufacturing requiring a lower amount of solvent and shorter drying time is possible when using C-NERGY TM thanks to the lower viscosity of its liquid dispersions. This enables additional costs savings and increased electrode productivity. YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBON Viscosity (mpa.s) Acetylene black 10 5 Natural Flake Synthetic Carbon Black Silicon-carbon Composites Science & Technology Centres Security of supply Synergies Innovative Sustainable solutions THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY Thermal diffusivity of LiFePO 4 electrodes with 5 wt. % C-NERGY TM conductive additives Thermal diffusivity of LiFePO 4 electrodes containing either C-NERGY TM, C-NERGY TM KS6L, or a 1:1 mixture (by weight) of and KS6L (90 wt. % LiFePO 4 ; total 5 wt. % conductive additives; 5 wt. % PVDF). Small amounts of C-NERGY TM KS6L significantly increase the thermal diffusivity of positive electrodes; this leads to an improved heat dissipation in the electrodes. Thermal diffusivity (mm /s) Shear rate (1/s) 5 wt. %.5 wt. % + KS6L.5 wt. % KS6L 5 wt. % ACTIVE MATERIALS AND CONDUCTIVE ADDITIVES FOR POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ELECTRODES Customization Size Reduction Surface Modification Shape Modification Purification Exfoliation Mixing Sieving Milling CVD Coating CVD Silicon Nanowires Type of conductive additive 6 7

5 EUROPE, AFRICA, MIDDLE EAST, INDIA Imerys & Carbon Switzerland Ltd. Il Centro Via Cantonale 65, CH-6804 Bironico, Switzerland Tel: , Fax: graphiteandcarbon.ch@imerys.com AMERICAS Imerys & Carbon Canada Inc. 990 Rue Fernand-Poitras, Terrebonne, QC, J6Y 1V1, Canada Tel: , Fax: graphiteandcarbon.ca@imerys.com CHINA Imerys & Carbon 1438 Hong Qiao Road, Chang Ning District 6F, Gubei International Fortune Centre II, CN Shanghai, China Tel: , Fax: graphiteandcarbon.cn@imerys.com SOUTH KOREA Imerys & Carbon South Korea 7F, Gyodae Venture Tower, 64, Saimdang-ro, Seocho-gu, KR Seoul, Korea Tel: , Fax: graphiteandcarbon.kr@imerys.com JAPAN & SOUTH EAST ASIA Imerys & Carbon Japan K.K. 13F Setagaya Business Square tower Yoga, Setagaya-ku, JP Tokyo, Japan Tel: graphiteandcarbon.jp@imerys.com Imerys & Carbon is a trademark of the Imerys Group imerys-graphite-and-carbon.com 018 Imerys & Carbon CH-Bironico. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior written authorisation.