Vježba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina 2016.

Transcription

1 Vježba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina 2016.

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3 1. duljina lopatica l =const 2. lomna žilavost (dane dođe do naglog loma) 3. centrifugalna sila R m, R e ili R d R d (pokretanje/ zaustavljanje/ topl. šokovi) 4. temp. =900 do 1000 C Ograničenja: R d > 360 MPa (za 10 7 ciklusa) Radne temp > 900 C Otp. na viskotemp.oxid. odlična Samo tehn. keramike i metale uzeti u obzir metali: precizni lijev (Investment casting)

4 Select All Materials All Stages Name 1. Zirconium carbide 2. Zirconia bio ceramic 3. Zirconia (yttria stabilized, transformation toughened) 4. Zirconia (transformation toughened)(l) 5. Zirconia (Y TZP)(HIP) 6. Tungsten rhenium alloy, wire 7. Tungsten rhenium alloy, W 25Re 8. Tungsten copper alloy, elkonite 50W3 9. Tungsten Ni Mo Fe alloy, Anviloy Tungsten Ni Fe alloy, ROSM WH9766F 11. Tungsten Ni Fe alloy, ROSM WH9560F (Densamet heavy alloy) 12. Tungsten Ni Fe alloy, ROSM WH9375F 13. Tungsten Ni Fe alloy, CMW Tungsten Ni Cu Mo alloy 15. Tungsten Ni Cu alloy, ROSM WH9075C 16. Tungsten Ni Cu alloy, CMW 3950 (mallory heavy alloy) 17. Tungsten Cu Ni alloy, ROSM WH8035F 18. Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, wire 19. Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, annealed 20. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304, wrought, HT grade D 21. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304, wrought, HT grade C 22. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304, wrought, HT grade B 23. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 302, wrought, HT grade D 24. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 302, wrought, HT grade C 25. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 302, wrought, HT grade B 26. Silicon nitride (sintered) 27. Silicon nitride (hot pressed)(5%mgo) 28. Silicon nitride (HIP) 29. Silicon carbide (hot pressed)contains 2% Al2O3 30. Silicon carbide (hot pressed) Select All Materials All Stages Name 31. Silicon carbide (HIP) 32. Sialons (Si Al O N ceramic) 33. Sapphire (single crystal) 34. Rhenium, commercial purity, soft 35. Rhenium, commercial purity, hard 36. Osmium, commercial purity, soft 37. Osmium, commercial purity, hard 38. Nickel tungsten alloy, MAR M 200, directionally solidified 39. Nickel tungsten alloy, MAR M 200, as cast 40. Nickel magnetic alloy, alloy 2A, cold rolled, soft 41. Nickel magnetic alloy, 79Ni 4Mo Fe, alloy 4, cold rolled, soft 42. Nickel magnetic alloy, 49Ni Fe, alloy 2B, cold rolled, soft 43. Nickel magnetic alloy, 45Ni Fe, alloy 1, cold rolled, soft 44. Nickel chromium alloy, NIMONIC 81, heat treated 45. Nickel chromium alloy, NIMONIC 80A, heat treated 46. Nickel chromium alloy, NIMONIC 75, annealed 47. Nickel chromium alloy, NICHROME V, annealed (resistance alloy) 48. Nickel chromium alloy, N06008, annealed (resistance alloy) 49. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 754, wrought, annealed 50. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 713L, cast, as cast 51. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 713, cast, as cast 52. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 706, wrought, annealed 53. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 690, wrought, annealed 54. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 671, wrought, annealed 55. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 625, wrought, annealed 56. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought, wire (spring) 57. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought, spring temper 58. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought, hard

5 Select All Materials All Stages Name 59. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought, annealed 60. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought (hot worked) 61. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought (cold worked) 62. Nickel chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought (cold drawn) 63. Nickel chromium alloy, HAYNES 230, wrought, annealed 64. Nickel chromium alloy, HASTELLOY X, wrought, solution treated 65. Nickel chromium alloy, HASTELLOY G 3, wrought, solution treated 66. Nickel chromium alloy, HASTELLOY G, wrought, solution treated 67. Nickel W Co alloy, MAR M 247, as cast 68. Nickel W Co alloy, MAR M 246, as cast 69. Nickel Mo Cr alloy, HASTELLOY S 70. Nickel Mo Cr alloy, HASTELLOY N 71. Nickel Mo Cr alloy, HASTELLOY C Nickel Mo Cr alloy, HASTELLOY C Nickel Fe Cr alloy, UDIMET 630, bar 74. Nickel Fe Cr alloy, PYROMET 860, bar 75. Nickel Fe Cr alloy, NIMONIC PE16, bar 76. Nickel Fe Cr alloy, NIMONIC PE11, bar 77. Nickel Fe Cr alloy, NIMONIC 942, bar 78. Nickel Fe Cr alloy, INCOLOY 825, annealed 79. Nickel Fe Cr alloy, INCOLOY 801, aged 80. Nickel Fe Cr alloy, INCOLOY 800, spring temper, wire 81. Nickel Fe Cr alloy, INCOLOY 800, cold drawn, bar 82. Nickel Fe Cr alloy, HAYNES HR 120, annealed Select All Materials All Stages Name 83. Nickel Cr Fe alloy, alloy 705, as cast 84. Nickel Cr Fe alloy, NICHROME, annealed (resistance alloy) 85. Nickel Cr Fe alloy, INCONEL 601, wrought 86. Nickel Cr Co Mo alloy, Rene 41, wire 87. Nickel Cr Co Mo alloy, Rene 41, solution treated & aged 88. Nickel Cr Co Mo alloy, Rene Nickel Cr Co Mo alloy, INCONEL 617, wrought 90. Nickel Cr Co alloy, NIMONIC PK33, heat treated 91. Nickel Cr Co alloy, NIMONIC 90, heat treated 92. Nickel Cr Co alloy, NIMONIC 115, heat treated 93. Nickel Cr Co alloy, MAR M 421, as cast 94. Nickel Cr Co alloy, IN 939, as cast 95. Nickel Cr Co alloy, IN 738C, as cast 96. Nickel Cr Co alloy, IN 162, as cast 97. Nickel Co Cr alloy, UDIMET 700, bar 98. Nickel Co Cr alloy, UDIMET 500, bar 99. Nickel Co Cr alloy, NIMONIC 105, bar 100. Nickel Co Cr alloy, MAR M 432, as cast 101. Nickel Co Cr alloy, IN 100, as cast 102. Nickel Co Cr alloy, HAYNES C263 (NIMONIC 263), sheet 103. Nickel Co Cr alloy, EP741NP 104. Nickel Co Cr alloy, B 1900, as cast 105. Diamond 106. Cobalt base superalloy, X 40, cast 107. Cobalt base superalloy, WI 52, cast 108. Cobalt base superalloy, UMCo 50, wrought 109. Cobalt base superalloy, MAR M 509, cast 110. Cobalt base superalloy, MAR M 302, cast 111. Cobalt base superalloy, L605, wrought, solution treated 112. Cobalt base superalloy, HS 188, wrought, solution treated

6 Select All Materials All Stages Name 113. Cobalt base superalloy, HAYNES STELLITE 6K, wrought 114. Cobalt base superalloy, HAYNES STELLITE 6B, wrought 115. Chromium nickel alloy, 50Cr 50Ni, as cast 116. Chromium nickel alloy, 50Cr 48Ni 2Cb, as cast 117. Alumina (pressed and sintered) 118. Alumina (99.5)(finegrain)

7 Help Index Fan

8 Maksimalna brzina vrtnje ω (bez opasnosti od loma)dobiva se s materijalima koji imaju velik iznos: ili obrnuto: M 1 = /K Ic min za otp. na centrif. sile: M 2 = /Rd min

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10 5000 Sapphire (single crystal) temp >900 C Density / Fracture toughness Diamond Zirconium carbide Zirconia (Y-TZP)(HIP) Silicon nitride (hot pressed)(5%mgo) Osmium, commercial purity, hard Nickel-Cr-Co-Mo alloy, Rene 41, wire Zirconia bio-ceramic Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304, wrought, HT grade D Zirconia (transformation toughened)(l) Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, wire Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, annealed 50 Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304, wrought, HT grade D Nickel-chromium alloy, INCONEL 713, cast, as cast Density / Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles

11 5000 Sapphire (single crystal) temp >1000 C Density / Fracture toughness Diamond Zirconia (Y-TZP)(HIP) Silicon nitride (hot pressed)(5%mgo) Zirconia bio-ceramic Zirconia (transformation toughened)(l) Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, wire Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, annealed Tungsten, commercial purity, Nickel-Cr-Co-Mo alloy, Rene 41, wire R07004, annealed Nickel-Co-Cr alloy, UDIMET 700, bar Nickel-chromium alloy, NICHROME V, annealed (resistance alloy) Nickel-chromium alloy, N06008, annealed (resistance alloy) Density / Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles

12 5000 Sapphire (single crystal) temp >1100 C Density / Fracture toughness Diamond Zirconia (Y-TZP)(HIP) Silicon nitride (hot pressed)(5%mgo) Zirconia bio-ceramic Zirconia (transformation toughened)(l) Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, wire Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, annealed Tungsten, commercial purity, Nickel-Cr-Co-Mo alloy, Rene 41, wire R07004, annealed Nickel-Co-Cr alloy, UDIMET 700, bar Nickel-chromium alloy, NICHROME V, annealed (resistance alloy) Nickel-chromium alloy, N06008, annealed (resistance alloy) Density / Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles

13 Cijena materijala za rotor je: gdje je C m cijena materijala po kg, ρ je gustoća, a V volumen materijala rotora. Volumen je određen polumjerom R, koji je zadan (ograničenje). Trošak je minimalan ako se biraju materijali s visokim omjerom volumena po jedinici cijene: max

14 Silicon carbide (hot pressed)contains 2% Al2O3 Silicon carbide (hot pressed) Sialons (Si-Al-O-N ceramic) 1e-5 Alumina (pressed and sintered) Cobalt-base-superalloy, X-40, cast Nickel-chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought, spring temper Nickel-chromium alloy, NIMONIC 80A, heat treated Nickel-Co-Cr alloy, HAYNES C263 (NIMONIC 263), sheet 1e-6 Silicon nitride (hot pressed)(5%mgo) Tungsten-rhenium alloy, wire 1/ ( Density*Price) 1e-7 Tungsten-rhenium alloy, W-25Re 1e-8 1e-9 Diamond

15 Select All Materials - All Stages Name 1/ ( Density*Price) 1. Silicon carbide (hot pressed)contains 2% Al2O3 2.03e e 5 2. Silicon carbide (hot pressed) 2.01e e 5 3. Silicon carbide (HIP) 1.99e e 5 4. Alumina (pressed and sintered) 1.2e 5 1.8e 5 5. Sialons (Si Al O N ceramic) 1.02e e 5 6. Zirconia (transformation toughened)(l) 8.51e e 5 7. Zirconia bio ceramic 8.26e e 5 8. Zirconia (yttria stabilized, transformation toughened) 8.12e e 5 9. Zirconia (Y TZP)(HIP) 8e e wire 8.65e e Tungsten rhenium alloy, W 25Re 1.68e e Sapphire (single crystal) 4.53e e Diamond 5.99e e 9

16 1/ ( Density*Price) 1e-4 1e-5 1e-6 1e-7 Silicon carbide (hot pressed)contains 2% Al2O3 Alumina (pressed and sintered) Silicon carbide (HIP) Silicon carbide (hot pressed) Sialons (Si-Al-O-N ceramic) Cobalt-base-superalloy, UMCo-50, wrought Nickel-Cr-Fe alloy, NICHROME, annealed (resistance alloy) Zirconia (transformation toughened)(l) Nickel-chromium alloy, HASTELLOY X, wrought, solution treated Alumina (99.5)(finegrain) Nickel-Co-Cr alloy, NIMONIC 105, bar Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, wire Tungsten-rhenium alloy, wire Tungsten-rhenium alloy, W-25Re 1e-8 Diamond 1e-9 Ceramics and glasses Metals and alloys