Relations between waste infrastructure and packaging waste recycling: A case of city of Skopje 31 March 2016, Skopje GREDIT 2016 F.Ivanovski, Z. Sapuric, D. Dimitrovski
Basic Packaging Waste Data in Macedonia Officials estimation is that annually in 2015: Glass; 17% 110.000 tons packaging waste is generated Packaging Waste structure in Macedonia Metal; 4% Wood; 4% Composites; 5% Paper; 38% Plastic; 32%
Basic Packaging Waste Data in Macedonia EUROSTAT data show that EU average packaging waste generation per capita is in a range of: 50-233 kg. packaging waste/per capita/annually Average for 28 EU countries in 2012 was: 156 kg. packaging waste/per capita/annually At average, packaging waste is 15-20% of total communal waste in weight, but more than 60% in volume!
Basic Packaging Waste Data in Macedonia Average amount of generated packaging waste in Macedonia is 50-55 kg. per capita/annually According the estimation of the Ministry of Environment in 2009 Total Communal Waste (all types) per capita in Macedonia is estimated on: cc. 310-350 kg. per capita/annually City of Skopje has cca. 500.000 inhabitants
EPR Scheme Fee from the Industry Transport to Recycling Primary Separate Selection Packaging Waste Secondary Selection Packaging Waste Collection and Transport Waste Flow Income Participation in Activities
3 Core Activities for EPR systems Every EPR SYSTEM have to execute 3 basic core activities: 1. Improve Communal Infrastructure to enhance primary selection by the citizens 2. Support Separate Collection and Transport by the waste operators and secondary selection of primary collected packaging waste 3. Increase the Public Awareness among the citizens for the benefits of the separate waste selection and recycling Each of these activities has to be supported by the Municipalities.
Packaging Waste Recycling National Targets According the Law on Packaging Waste, the EPR system has to gradually achieve the following recycling and recovery goals by 2020: 2011: 12% of the packaging waste REPORTED to EPR schemes 2012: 18% 2013: 22% 2014: 27% 2015: 35% 2016: 40% 2020: 60%!!!
Operational Activities Together with Municipalities, different types of containers, vehicles and sorting facilities has been installed.
Operational Activities In-door vessels for waste selection also have been installed in supermarkets, malls, airport
Operational Activities schools, kinder-gardens and universities
Public Awareness Campaigns
Public Awareness Campaigns
Public Awareness Campaigns
Infra Structure of Public Communal Company vs Collection of Packaging Waste year nr. Of conatiners % change vs Total (т) % change vs 2011 110 297,0 2012 140 27% 350,0 18% 2013 165 18% 389,0 11% 2014 415 152% 515,0 32% 2015 465 12% 550,0 7% Data refer ONLY for collection done by the official Public Communal Company (Komunalna Higiena Skopje). BUT, there is informal sector!
Informal Sector- Skopje Street collectors perceive EPR s separate primary selection system as the competition or someone that wants to take their jobs away! So, some of them devastate the containers and bins!
Informal Sector- Skopje EPR scheme is based on assumption that citizens has to do primary selection in the separate containers for PET, paper and glass. BUT, street collectors behavior highly deteriorate the primary separate collection system and public perception about its effectiveness.
Informal Sector- Macedonia case Beside the formal established primary collection system by Local Authorities and EPR schemes, street collectors collect 80-85% of TOTAL annual collection of packaging waste in the country (paper, plastic, PET, cans), ending at Private Waste Operators 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Private op. Public op. Plastic Cardboard In Bulgaria and Romania steet collectors collect up to 30% and in Romania
Conclusions WASTE INFRASTUCTURE is required to increase packaging waste collection/recycling rate, BUT NOT ENOUGH WITHOUT: 1. PUBLIC AWARENES How to make citizens to appropriately use system for separate waste collection and recycling 2. MAKE PRIORITY FOR MUNICIPALITIES TO ENHANCE separate waste collection of all streams (WEEE, batteries, bio-waste ) 3. INFORMAL SECTOR (STREET COLLECTORS) INCLUSION- how to make them legal and of benefit for official EPR systems. Problem of all SEE countries
Thank you! Questions?