Air Quality Improvement and Prospects of Shenzhen City Human Settlements and Environment Commission of Shenzhen Municipality Fusan, Korea 2016.09 深圳市人居环境委员会 (HSECSM)
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 生产总值 ( 亿元 ) 第三产业比例 (%) General Information of Shenzhen City Geographical and Meteorological Conditions Shenzhen is a coastal city in South China with an area of 1992 km 2 Summer is mainly influenced by clean air current from ocean; autumn and winter is mainly influenced by inland pollution air mass transmission. GDP and Population GDP: $26.9 billion (2015) Resident population: 11.38 million (2015) Industrial Structure Developing Strategic Emerging Industry Thrice industrial structure was adjusted from 0.7:49.7:49.6 in 2000 to 0.03:41.2:58.8 in 2015. Energy Structure Pursuing Clean Energy Policy 10,000 yuan GDP energy consumption decreased from 0.593t standard coal in 2005 to 0.410 in 2014 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 第三产业生产总值 第一产业生产总值 第二产业生产总值 第三产业比例 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Haze days Visibility,Km Air Pollution Control Process 1990s Pollution control started 2000-2005 Large point sources control 2005-2010 Expansion of key sources control 2010- New sources control Routine testing and inspection of pollution sources seawater desulfurization of coal power plant Research of air pollution control plan Blue Sky Action Power plants, boilers, vehicles and dust control Shenzhen Universiade in 2011 VOCs, Vessels and non-road mobile machinery control 200 150 100 50 0 year 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 Pollutants emissions increased and air quality decreased since the 1990s,and haze days reached peak of 184 days in 2004. since then, air quality has kept improving, haze days dropped to 35 days in 2015.
Shenzhen Air Quality Enhancement Plan Shenzhen Air Quality Enhancement Plan released on September 20, 2013 and was the most stringent air pollution control program in history which covered 10 major areas and included 40 measures Air quality improvement measures measures for power plants (3 items) measures for industrial sources (4 items) measures for vehicles (7 items) measures for vessels (5 items) measures for non-road mobile machinery (3 items) measures for VOCs sources (11 items) measures for dust sources(5 items) measures for other sources (2 items)
Present Situation of Air Pollution Sources Vehicles Vessels and Ports Non-Road Mobile Machinery VOCs Sources Power Plants Fuels Dust Sources Travel prohibition: gasoline vehicles below Europe I and diesel vehicles below Europe Ⅲ Emission Standards Gasoline and partial heavy diesel vehicles implement National V Emission standards Gasoline and diesel fully implement Europe V Oil Standard. Popularized 34,000 new energy vehicles. 7% of vessels used low sulfur oil with the sulfur content 0.1%m/m when berthed. Completed oil-to-gas conversion for 40% intra-port trailers and oil-to-electricity conversion for most gantry cranes. Piloted installation of DPF Implemented Euro Ⅲ(A) standards More than 200 enterprises used water-based paints or inks More than 400 enterprises carried out end treatments Prohibit the use of high volatility building paints Gas thermal power plants performed low nitrogen burners transformation, NO x emission concentrations were about 40mg/m 3. Coal-fired power plant( 180MW) finished super clean transformation, SO2 and NOx emission concentrations were about 10 and 30mg/m 3. Prohibit the use of high pollution fuels since July 2011 residents used gas completely, part of industrial boilers used biomass fuels Construction sites larger than 50,000 m 2 mostly finished the installation of video surveillance system The average machinery-cleaning ratio of municipal roads was 88.3%.
Regional Air Pollution Joint Control Strengthen joint control with surrounding cities under the framework of air pollution control in Guangdong Province Established a regional cooperation mechanism among Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou cities. Significant projects notification system Information sharing of pollution sources Synchronous start emergency pollution weather warning Co-control of vehicle emissions Cooperation to promote new energy vehicles VOC emissions control Low-nitrogen transformation for gas thermal power plants Avoid opening burning of high polluted fuels and biomass
PM 2.5 annual concentration Air Quality Enhancement Plan Target of PM 2.5 concentration 2012 2013 38 μg/m 3 40μg/m 3 33 μg/m 3 32 μg/m 3 30 μg/m 3 2015 2016 2017
浓度 ( 毫克 / 立方米 ) Concentrations,μg/m3 Concentration Various of Air Pollutants Various of PM 2.5 annual concentration 60 45 30 15 2006 2007 University City point 2010 2009 2008 Citywide average 38 40 2013 2012 2011 34 2014 30 2015 PM 2.5 concentration went down sharply, 62µg/m 3 in 2006 to 30µg/m 3 in 2015 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 concentration declined substantially over the past decade 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Year SO2 NO2 PM10 O3 PM2.5 Ozone annual average value remains at high level, and more frequently occurs as daily primary pollutant, indicated strong atmospheric oxidizing capacity 30 20 10 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 年份
The status of Air Pollutants Emission PM 2.5 source apportionment(2014) Regional transport /local emission :0.51/0.49; Primary and secondary source:0.4/0.6 Composition of local PM 2.5 concentration Primary source:mobile source (40.3%); Major sources: industrial process, fugitive dust, ocean going vessel and power plant (15%,12%,11% and 8%) Results of the air pollutant emission inventories (2014) Mobile source (Red) Primary source of the SO 2 NOx CO BC and OC emissions(80.7%,87.6%, 87.2%,89.3% and 61.3%); Fugitive dust source(green) Emissions(KT) 21 131 128 167 6 36 12 3 1 Primary source of the PM 10 PM 2.5 emissions (76.2% and 48.5%) Solvent utilization sources(yellow) Primary source of the VOC emissions (49.7%)
Air Quality Target for 2020 The concentrations of air pollutants try to reach the second stage targets of the Air Quality Guidelines of WHO comprehensively (annual average concentration of PM 2.5 will reach 25μg/m 3 ), WHO transition period target value is stricter than the national Class II standard (NO 2 excluded). In 2015, proportion of days with air quality up to the national Class II standard of Shenzhen stood at 96.3%, days with PM 2.5 as principal pollutant were 5. If referring to WHO Stage II target value, proportion of days up to the standard was 87.7%, and days of PM 2.5 as principal pollutant increased to 30. Pollutant µg/m 3 Air Quality Guidelines of WHO (IT-2) (Avg.year/Avg.day ) National Class II (Avg.year/Avg.day) Annual average of 2014 Annual average of 2015 PM 2.5 25 /50 35/75 34 30 PM 10 50/100 70/150 53 49 O 3 160(IT-1,8h) 160(8h) -- -- NO 2 40/-- 40/80 35 33 SO 2 --/50 60/150 9 8
Key Measures for Air Pollution Control VOCs pollution control Vehicles pollution control Dust pollution control Regional joint control Prohibit the use of highvolatility paints in the coating industry Complete low-volatility raw material modification or waste gas treatment for printing and bonding process Prohibit the use of highvolatility cleaning agents, building coating and commercial organic solvents Control organic waste leakage in oil and gas storage and transportation process Quantity regulatory policies and DPF installation for diesel vehicles Raise vehicle emission and fuel standards Buses and taxis mandatory use of new energy vehicles Eliminate old gasoline and diesel vehicles Strengthen supervision on dust pollution sources such as construction sites, concrete batching plants and gravel materials yards Promote the fullyenclosed new energy dumpers Enhance the cleanliness level of various urban roadways, install TSP online monitoring system Implement unified polices of outdated production facilities eliminatio n, high-polluted fuels control and in-use vehicles management Promote lowvolatile paints in major coating industries Avoid opening burning of household wastes, garden wastes and straw
Air Quality Improvement System O 3 PM 2.5 VOC SO 2 NO 2 Pollutants NH 3 CO 2 Air Pollution Cooperative Control Phenomena Sources
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