MINIMALLY COMPOSTED SUBSTRATE FOR PRODUCTION OF AGARICUS BISPORUS Stephnie Loehr 52 nd Mushroom Short Course June 14, 2010
Outline Introduction Objectives Results
Mushroom Cultivtion Tody Relies entirely on composted substrte Common ingredients include: Strw-bedded horse mnure, hy, poultry mnure, distiller s grin Rw mterils ccount for 20-45 % of costs
Environmentl Impcts of Composting Offensive odors result from microbil ctivity Nuisnce complints due to incresed suburbniztion Runoff my contminte surfce nd groundwter Wht to do with spent mushroom substrte? www.thelimitlesscity.com/housing Suburbniztion
Offensive Odors Offensive odor result from nerobic fermenttion during phse I composting Odors include: Hydrogen sulfide Sulfur compounds Ammoni
Miniml Composting Gols: Increse grower profits Minimize offensive odors Eliminte some of the environmentl impcts of the composting process
Objectives 1. Develop protocol for phse II composting ONLY of corn stover substrte 2. Determine the effect of prticle size of milled corn stover on mushroom yields of A. bisporus
Objectives 3. Evlute the use of nutrient supplements 1. Prior to phse II composting 2. At spwning 3. At csing 4. Determine the effect of spwn rte nd type on mushroom yield
Corn Stover Consists of: Stlks Leves Shucks Cobs Roughly 20% H 2 O Up to 80% of stover cn be removed from no-till fields Wlly Wilhelm, 2007 Bled corn stover
Preprtion of Corn Stover for Mushroom Substrte Chopping nd Shredding Wetting Add MnSO 4, lime mix, supplements Fill mini-bunker Spwn Phse II composting
Chopping nd Shredding Ble Chopper 0.635cm 1.27cm 1.91cm Mighty Mc shredder
Wetting Wter dded to chieve 72-75 % moisture MnSO 4 dded Corn stover is deficient in mngnese Mngnese peroxidse is importnt enzyme in lignin degrdtion Lime mix is 2:1 of griculturl lime: hydrted lime
Corn Stover Phse II Composting
Phse II Temperture Profile 80 High 70 60 Middle Low 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dy
Frgmenting, Supplementing, nd Csing Frgmenttion of colonized substrte Csed bins t MRC Csed smll bin
Redy to Hrvest
Objective 2 Determine the effect of prticle size of MCS on mushroom yields of A. bisporus Screen Size (cm) Prticle size <3 mm (%) 0.64 89.22 1.27 79.93 1.91 58.38
The effect of prticle size on mushroom yield 14 12 10 b 8 6 c 4 2 0 0.65 1 1.27 2 1.91 3 Screen Size (cm)
Objective 3 Determine the effect of vrious nutrients dded prior to phse II on mushroom yield Additive Nitrogen content (%) Cottonseed mel 7.0 Ground soyben 6.0 Soyben mel 8.0 Distiller s grin 4.5 Spent mushroom substrte (SMS) 1.6*
Supplementing prior to phse II composting 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 c b c b None Distiller's grin Cottonseed mel Yield (kg/m2) BE (%)
Supplementing with SMS prior to phse II composting 80 70 b Yield (kg/m2) BE (%) 60 50 40 30 20 b 10 0 0 22.4 48 SMS ddition (% d/w)
Objective 3b Evlute the use of vrious delyed-relese nutrient supplements dded to MCS t spwning nd csing Supplement Protein Content (%) Lmbert T6 44 Lmbert T7 66 Remo s All Purpose 55
Supplement type t csing on mushroom yield nd biologicl efficiency 70 60 Yield (kg/m2) BE (%) b 50 b 40 30 20 10 b b 0 *6 % d/w T6 t spwning T6 Remo's T6 + Remo's Supplement t Csing (5 % d/w)
Objective 4 Evlute coloniztion nd mushroom yield for two different types of spwn (millet, Mtrix ) Millet spwn Mtrix spwn
The effect of spwn type on mushroom yield nd biologicl efficiency Mtrix millet b b BE (%) Yield (kg/m2) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
The effect of spwn rte on mushroom yield nd biologicl efficiency 80 70 60 50 40 30 Yield (kg/m2) BE (%) 20 10 0 0.75 1.5 Spwn Rte ( % d/w)
Summry Modified phse II composting is sufficient to imprt selectivity on MCS for A. bisporus Smller prticles gve higher yields thn lrger prticles Cottonseed mel ddition (10% d/w) prior to phse II composting significntly increses mushroom yield nd BE
Summry SMS cn be dded to MCS prior to phse II composting without significntly decresing mushroom yield 5 % (d/w) T6 + Remo s t csing gve highest yields Mtrix spwn gve higher yields in MCS substrte thn millet spwn Typicl spwn rtes cn be used for MCS substrte
Acknowledgements Dr. Dniel Royse Dr. John Pecchi Henry Shwley Doug Keith Joey Mrtin Mushroom Industry Endowment Penn Stte Plnt Pthology Deprtment Jmes W. Sinden Scholrship Fund Lmbert Spwn Compny- Jmes P. Roberts Scholrship Arthur Gspri Memoril Scholrship