CORN AND SOYBEAN UPDATES FOR 2013 Angela McClure Corn and Soybean Specialist
2012 Rainfall Patterns (total inches by month) 7 6 Jackson Milan Inches 5 4 3 2 1 0
Creative Double Cropping paid off AG2.9 planted late July following corn and harvested in late October 2012 15-20 tall plants
Crop Insurance Planting Dates-2013 Corn Soybean Full coverage Mar 21- May 20 Apr 16-June 15 Partial coverage Till June 15 Till June 25
Plant Early for Best Corn Yield usually. (Milan, REC; Dekalb 63-84 VT3) 250 200 150 100 50 210 176 63 216 182 82 180 186 140 139 42 31 166 115 118 112 95 47 95 65 55 2010 2011 2012 0 L Mar E Apr L Apr E May L May E Jun L Jun
Seed Quality- Early vs Late Planted
Value of Irrigation consistent yields across extreme environments 300 dryland Irrigated 253 250 200 150 178 30% 100 50 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 5 yr avg Irrigated and dryland corn yields, UT Milan REC (Pioneer 33N58 with 220 units N at planting)
Impact of Drought: It is hard to make corn without water
Corn Water Use Critical Water Need Approx. Inch/Week Kernel Row number (V9-V12) 1.75 Ear length (V12-V17) 2.0 Ear Size Potential (V17-R2) 2.3 Grain fill (R3- black layer) varies
Soybeans can Recover from Early Season Drought (Milan, REC; planted May 14 th ) Maturity R1 R2 R3 R4 July Rain Aug Rain Date when 50% plants/plot were at this stage Sep Rain Yield (Bu/A) 3.8 6-20 6-26 7-8 7-16 66.8 3.9 6-20 6-26 7-8 7-18 69.9 4.2 6-25 7-2 7-10 7-29 76.6 4.7 6-28 7-5 7-12 7-31 75.1 4.8 7-2 7-12 7-16 8-5 82.1 5.0 7-2 7-12 7-18 8-5 79.9 6.07 beg 7-7-12 4.58 4.96 Data are average for 130K and 180K populations and 15 and 30 inch row widths for indeterminate varieties.
Maturity Group and Yield 2012 Season (15 rows planted at 130K/A) 90 80 Bushels/A 70 60 50 40 Irrigated Dryland 30 20 10 0 93Y84 93Y92 94Y23 94Y70 94Y80 95Y01
Irrigated beans had higher plant populations at harvest (130K/A Planting Rate; Milan REC) Variety Irrigated Dryland Irrigated Dryland 15 rows 15 rows 30 rows 30 rows 93Y84 127,195 95,832 103,237 75,576 93Y92 108,464 110,642 106,504 105,850 94Y23 123,275 94,960 97,139 87,337 94Y70 121,968 96,703 108,464 90,605 94Y80 114,563 101,358 101,713 91,476 95Y01 121,097 109,642 96,921 104,810
Bushels/A Irrigated beans responded more consistently to narrow rows (Bushel increase in yield by going from 30 row to 15 rows) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 4 8 0 5.1 Yellow= Dryland Blue = Irrigated 7 15.2 93Y84 93Y92 94Y23 94Y70 94Y80 95Y01 1 8 6 4 2.3
Irrigated varieties had less Green Stem Syndrome Occurrence related to early season stress and variety
Nitrate Levels following Dry Corn Crop (MREC Oct 2012 ; 240 lbs N split applied) PPM NITRATE 70 60 50 40 30 PPM X 2 = lbs Nitrogen/Acre for 6 sample 64.9 55.1 59.1 56.4 43.443.1 37.8 32.3 80 bu 100 bu 20 10 0 0-6" 6-12" 12-18" 18-24"
Nitrate levels following Soybean Harvest (MREC ppm Oct 2012; 60 bushel yield potential field ) 70 60 50 40 30 20 PPM nitrates 10 0 5 4 3.4 1.9 0-6" 6-12" 12-18" 18-24"
P and K levels at different soil depths (MREC Oct 2012; ppm following corn; n=12) 250 200 150 100 133.1 P K 111.8 Fall 2011 test results: 88 ppm K 41 ppm P Fertilized 23-60-90 98.2 91.4 50 0 25 10.3 11.7 12.8 0-6" 6-12" 12-18" 18-24"
Fertilizer credit flowing a drought Broadcast fertilizer situation Wheat and cover crops trap unused nitrogen Nitrogen- use it or lose it; plant wheat or cover crop; no carryover into 2013 crop P205 and K20 Should be available for 2013 cropping season
Nitrogen Management in corn (example: targeting 220 lb N/A) Dryland 220 lbs N at planting (add N stabilizer for urea or UAN) 50 lbs at planting fb 170 lbs sidedress V3-V5 (add a N stabilizer urea or UAN) 35 lbs at planting 145 lbs sidedress V3-V5 40 lbs 2 week pretassel (add N stabilizer for urea or UAN) Irrigated 220 lbs N at planting 50 lbs at planting fb 170 sidedress V3-V5 35 lbs at planting 145 lbs sidedress V3-V5 40 lbs 2 week pretassel 50 lbs at planting 90 lbs sidedress knee high corn 50 lbs waist high corn 30 lbs 2 week pretassel
2012 Yield and Population (Irrigated Dekalb 62-63 Milan REC; 34-0-0) 280 240 200 160 120 80 30 K 35 K 40 K 45 K 40 0 80 fb 120 220 PRE 80 fb 100 fb 40 80 fb 200
Roundup Ready 1 Patent Monsanto patent on RR1 technology in soybean expiring in 2014 Monsanto will continue to collect tech fees in 2013 and 2014 2015 will be first year producers can purchase RR1 seed at lower cost and save seed except: When seed contains other patented yield traits Contact seed company rep for more details fall 2014
Drought Tolerant Corn Gene I.D. and traditional plant breeding- Syngenta seeds Artesian and Pioneer AquaMax hybrids NK seeds 4000 series hybrids Pioneer 1498 HR GMO trait(s)- Monsanto DroughtGard hybrids Cleared for use in U.S. but not for foreign exports
Drought Tolerant Corn Percent Effect on Yield 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 1.9 Syngenta s Artesian hybrids 15 8.9 Pioneer s Aquamax hybrids 0 0 Good Moisture Poor Moisture
Foliar Yield Enhancement Products Micronutrient products: Delta Ag- MicroVite (0-0-0; 6% Su, 4% Zn, Mg, Cu, Mn) Delta Ag- CropKarb (8-0-18; Bo), AgXplore- SoyScience (4-0-10, 0.5% Bo, Mn) AgroCulture- FertiRain (12-3-3) Anti-stress/PGR product: Stoller- Bioforge
2012 GoBeans Locations Dyer Co. Alan Sims Weakley Co. David Oliver Gibson Co. Denton Parkins Madison Co. Matt Griggs Cannon Co. Danny Powell Coffee Co. Greg Freeze Shelby Co. Keith Wilder Giles Co. Jason Birdsong Franklin Co. Justin Woodall
Treatment UT 2012 GoBeans Plot Results Cannon (93Y92) Coffee (AG 3730) Dyer* (Terral 4610) Franklin* (Armor 48R40) Gibson (Terral 47R74) Giles (DP4888) Bushels/Acre corrected to 13% moisture Madison (94Y70) Shelby* (AG4303) Weakley (93Y92) MicroVite 75.8 68.9 53.3 59.9 41.5 59.0 46.4 41.6 17.1 Bioforge 75.9 65.9 50.7 55.6 42.8 57.5 45.8 44.8 19.1 SoyScience 75.4 71.3 48.2 62.1 44.4 57.4 44.8 46.5 18.5 CropKarb 73.6 69.2 48.5 60.2 44.4 59.0 46.1 45.6 18.5 FertiRain ---- ---- 48.4 58.8 44.6 57.9 46.2 47.4 17.5 Untreated 75.2 64.5 54.3 58.5 41.4 58.1 47.6 40.2 18.0 Plot Average 75.2 68.0 50.5 59.0 43.2 58.2 47.7 44.3 18.0 *Field variability may have affected numbers; Highlighted cells are products yielding 3 bu or better than the check for a location
Soy Foliar Fert Demonstration 2012 Product Rate Tested Number of locations Average Yield over locations (Bu/Acre) Yield 3 Bu or better than Untreated Return/Acre Above Untreated Excluding Coffee Co. Return/Acre Above Untreated over all locations SoyScience 2 Qts/A 9 52.1 44% of trials -$0.94 $10.05 CropKarb 2 Qts/A 9 51.7 33% of trials -$2.93 $3.26 MicroVite 2 Qts/A 9 51.5 11% of trials -$4.30 $4.45 Bioforge 1 pint/a 9 50.9 11% of trials -$13.87 -$11.37 FertiRain 4 gal/a 7 45.8* 28% of trials -$23.84 -$23.84 Untreated Check --- 9 50.9 --- *FertiRain was tested in 7 counties and was not included in the two highest yielding locations.