AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 On-site Domestic Wastewater Management CONTENTS COMPARISON [PART A: AS/NZS 1547:2012 LISTED ORDER] AS/NZS 1547:2012 Page AS/NZS 1547:2000 Page NOTES re 2012 CHANGES FOREWORD (i) Foreword 6 Systems are to be effective and sustainable. Focus is thus on the management of risk to public health and the environment. 1 GENERAL Part 1: General 9 1.1 Purpose of Standard 5 1.1 9 Objective changed to Purpose. 1.2 Scope 5 2.1.1 19 1.2.1 Inclusions 5 1.6.17 12 Brings domestic wastewater definition into here. 1.2.1.1 Systems covered 1.2.1 1.4.2 9 10 1.2.1.2 System size 1.2.2 9 1.2.2 Exclusions 6 1.2.3 Greywater 9 Qualifications added re recycling. 1.3 Application 6 1.4 10 1.3.1 Users of this Standard 6 1.4.1 10 Adds disinfection. Adds guidelines and design manuals used by others are OK. 1.3.2 Requirements for sustainable functioning of onsite systems 6 2.1.2.2 19 Section modified to fit sustainability intent. 1.4 Risk management framework 7 1.5 Structure of this Standard 8 1.6 Interpretation 9 1.2.4 9 1.7 Referenced documents 10 1.3 9 1.8 Legislation 11 1.5 10 1.8.1 Australia 11 1.5.1 10 1.8.2 New Zealand 11 1.5.2 10 1.8.2.1 New Zealand Building Code 11 1.5.2.1 10 1.8.2.2 Resource Management Act 11 1.5.2.2 10 1.9 Definitions 12 1.6 11 Several new definitions added. 1.10 Abbreviations 18 1.7 17 Several new abbreviations added. 1.11 Conversion of per cent grade, slope, and gradient 19 2 RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS 2.1 Scope 20 2.2 Performance requirement 20 2.3 The risk management process 21 2.4 Implementing risk management 22 2.4.1 Protection of public health and the environment 22 2.4.2 Organisational performance 22 2.5 Review and evaluation 22 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 1
3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Implementation 32 Roles 3.1 The regulatory authority 23 3.5.2 35 Expanded significantly. 3.2 Planners/surveyors/land developers 23 3.5.3 35 3.3 Site evaluators and soil assessors 27 3.5.4 35 3.4 Designers 27 3.5.5 36 To provide a loading certificate. 3.5 Installation contractors 28 3.5.6 37 3.6 Equipment manufacturers and suppliers 28 3.5.7 37 3.7 Maintenance and desludging/pumpout contractors 28 3.5.8 37 3.8 Property owners 29 3.5.9 38 Home owners changed to property owners. 3.9 Estate agents and property transfer agents 29 3.5.10 38 4 PERFORMANCE STATEMENTS 2.1.1 2.2.1 19 20 4.1 Primary performance objectives 30 4.1.1 Public health 30 4.1.2 Environment 30 2.2.2 20 Restructured section. 4.1.3 Community amenity 30 4.1.4 Resource utilisation 31 4.2 Secondary performance objectives 31 21 4.2.1 Site-and-soil evaluation 31 2.3.1 21 4.2.2 Wastewater treatment systems 31 2.4.1.3.2 22 4.2.3 Land application systems 31 2.4.1.3.3 23 4.2.4 Construction and installation 31 4.2.5 Operation and maintenance 32 4.3 Primary performance requirements 32 20 4.3.1 Public health and environment 32 2.2.1 4.1.3.2 20 55 4.3.2 Community amenity 32 2.2.2 21 4.3.3 Resource utilisation 33 2.2.3 21 Clause simplified. 5 DESIGN OF ON-SITE SYSTEMS 5.1 Scope 34 5.1.1 Overview 34 Includes NOTE from 4.1.1 (p.54). On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 2
5.2 Site-and-soil evaluation 35 4.1.2.1 54 5.2.1 Performance requirements for site-and-soil 35 2.3.1 21 evaluation 5.2.2 Site-and-soil evaluation 35 4.1.3 55 5.2.2.1 General methodology 35 4.1.3.1 55 Adds requirement re risk reduction measures. 5.2.2.2 Types of site-and-soil evaluation 36 4.1.3.3 55 5.2.2.3 Site-and-soil evaluation procedure 36 4.1.3.4 55 Summary 5.2.2.4 Extent and intensity of site-and-soil evaluation 37 4.1.3.6 4.1.3.2 57 55 Sewerage system option to be evaluated. 5.2.2.5 Timing of site-and-soil evaluation 38 4.1.3.7 57 5.2.3 Results of site-and-soil evaluation 38 4.1.4 58 5.2.3.1 Determination of soil category 38 4.1.4.1 58 5.2.3.2 Design loading/irrigation rate 40 4.1.4.2 58 5.2.4 Reporting 40 4.1.3.4 4.1.5 56 60 5.3 Design flow 41 4.2A6.1 115 5.4 Wastewater treatment units 41 22 5.4.1 Performance requirements for wastewater 41 2.4.1.1 22 Amended. treatment units 2.4.1.3.2 4.3.5.1 22 65 5.4.1.1 Capacity 42 2.4.1.2 4.3.4.2 22 65 5.4.1.2 Structural design 43 2.4.1.3.1 4.3.3 22 65 5.4.1.3 Solids management 43 4.4.4.1 4.4.4.2 67 67 5.4.1.4 Effluent quality and land application 43 2.4.2.4 26 4.3.5.2 5.4.1.5 Alternative toilet systems 43 4.4.5.1 4.4.1 66 67 67 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 3
5.4.2 Performance criteria for wastewater treatment 44 2.4.1.3.2 22 units 5.4.2.1 Design flow 44 2.4.1.1 22 5.4.2.2 Capacity of septic tanks 44 2.4.2.1 24 5.4.2.2.1 Capacity requirements 44 2.4.2.1 2.4.2.2.1 24 25 5.4.2.2.2 Capacity of septic tanks 45 2.4.2.2.2 25 Reduced water supply changed to restricted water supply. Restricted water supply 5.4.2.2.3 Food waste disposal units 46 2.4.2.2.3 25 Food waste disposal units replaces garbage grinders. 5.4.2.3 Holding tanks 46 4.3.4.3 65 5.4.2.4 Wastewater treatment units other than septic tanks 46 4.4.3 2.4.3.1.2 67 22 5.4.2.5 Disinfection 46 5.4.2.5.1 Performance criteria for 46 disinfection 5.5 Land application system design 48 2.4.1.3.3 23 Modified. 5.5.1 Performance requirements for land application 48 2.4.1.1 22 system design 5.5.2 Design process 48 4.2.1 61 List of systems covered is expanded. 4.2A1 4.2A2 4.2A3 111 111 111 5.5.3 Land application system design criteria 49 54 5.5.3.1 Minimum design requirements 49 4.1.2.2 4.2.3.1 54 61 5.5.3.2 Design output 49 4.2.3.2 61 Adds requirement for risk management assessment. 5.5.3.3 Siting considerations 50 4.2.3.3 62 Refers designer to Appendix R on setback distances. 5.5.3.4 Reserve area 50 4.2.3.4 63 5.5.3.5 Distribution system 51 4.2.3.5 4.2A6.2 63 115 5.5.3.6 Stormwater control 51 4.2.3.7 63 5.5.3.7 Land use activity 52 4.2.3.8 63 5.5.4 Considerations for land application system design 52 4.2A4.1 112 5.5.4.1 System selection considerations 52 4.2A4.1 112 5.5.4.2 Limiting site-and-soil factors 52 4.2A4.2 112 5.5.4.2.1 Site 53 4.2A4.2.1 112 5.5.4.2.2 Soil 53 4.2A4.2.2 113 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 4
5.5.5 Soils and LTAR/DLR/DIR values 53 4.2A5 113 5.5.5.1 Soil category/dlr/dir values 53 4.2A5.1 to 4 113 114 These sections moved to commentary C5.5.5.2. New summary Table 5.1 of DLR/DIR values added. 5.5.5.2 Restrictive soil conditions 56 4.2A5.5 114 5.5.5.3 Improving LTAR 56 4.2A5.6 114 These sections moved to commentary C5.5.5.3. 5.5.5.4 Evapotranspiration 56 4.2A5.7 115 5.5.6 Contaminants 56 5.5.6.1 Nutrients 56 4.2.3.6 63 Refers designer to Appendix S on nutrients. 5.5.6.2 Pathogens 57 131 Replaces Note 2 to Table 4.2B1. 5.5.7 Reporting 57 4.2.4 64 6 CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION, OPERATION, AND Restructured section incorporating parts of sections 2, 3 and 4. MAINTENANCE 6.1 Scope 58 4.5.1 68 6.2 Construction and installation 58 4.5 68 6.2.1 Performance requirements 58 2.4.1.3.4 23 Serviceable life is updated. 2.4.1 2.5.1.1 3.7.1 24 26 40 6.2.1.1 Site work 58 2.5.1.2 26 6.2.1.2 Distribution system 58 2.5.1.3 27 6.2.2 Construction of on-site systems 59 25 6.2.2.1 Wastewater treatment units 59 2.4.2.3 4.5.3.1 25 66 6.2.2.2 Land application systems 59 4.5.3.2 68 Refers to Appendices L to N. 6.2.3 Installation of on-site systems 59 4.5.4 68 6.2.3.1 Siting 59 2.4.1.3.3 23 Amended. 4.5.4.1 66 6.2.3.2 Pumpout 59 4.5.4.2 69 6.2.3.3 Soil 59 4.5.4.3 69 6.2.3.4 Surface water 59 4.5.4.4 69 6.2.3.5 Drainage lines 60 4.5.4.5 69 6.2.4 Installation instructions 60 4.5.5 69 6.2.4.1 Instructions 60 4.5.5.1 69 6.2.4.2 Repairs 60 4.5.5.2 70 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 5
6.2.5 Commissioning and inspections 60 4.5.6 70 6.2.5.1 Installation and validation 60 4.5.6.1 70 6.2.5.2 Commissioning of pump systems 61 4.5.6.2 70 6.2.5.3 Other equipment 61 6.2.5.4 Installation and commissioning 61 4.5.6.3 70 report(s) 6.2.5.5 Manuals 61 4.5.6.4 71 6.3 Operation, maintenance, and monitoring 62 40 6.3.1 General 62 3.7.1 40 6.3.2 Performance requirements for operation, 62 40 maintenance, and monitoring 6.3.3 Operation and maintenance procedures 62 3.7.2 40 6.3.4 Copy of operation and maintenance guidelines 62 3.7.3.2 41 6.3.5 Monitoring 63 41 6.3.5.1 General 63 3.7.4.1 41 6.3.5.2 Monitoring frequency 63 3.7.4.2 41 6.3.5.3 Community-wide schemes 63 3.7.4.3 41 6.3.5.4 Individual systems 63 3.7.4.4 41 6.3.5.5 Operation and maintenance record 63 3.7.4.5 42 sheets 6.3.5.6 Maintenance certificate 64 3.7.4.6 42 6.3.6 Health 64 3.7.6 43 6.3.7 Incidents and emergencies 64 Contingency plan and troubleshooting guide required. 7 ADMINISTRATIVE GUIDANCE 68 3.4 30 7.1 Administration and management 68 1.4.2 3.4.1 10 30 7.2 Construction, installation, and operation 68 3.4.2 30 7.3 Advice and education 69 3.4.3 31 7.4 Reports 70 3.4.4 32 7.4.1 Site-and-soil evaluation report 70 3.4.4.1 32 7.4.2 Design report 70 3.4.4.2 32 4.3.6 66 4.4.6 67 7.4.3 Installation and commissioning report(s) 70 3.4.4.3 32 7.4.4 Maintenance report 70 3.4.4.4 32 Innovative and alternative systems to be assessed. Loading certificate to be provided [content detailed in 7.4.2 (d)]. On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 6
APPENDICES Appendix A: Risk management process guidelines 71 (Informative) A1 Scope A2 Context A3 Risk management process A3.1 Introduction A3.2 Steps in the risk management process A3.2.1 Communicate and consult A3.2.2 Establish the context A3.3.3 Identify risks A3.2.4 Analyse risks A3.2.5 Evaluate risks A3.2.6 Reduce risks A3.2.7 Monitor and review A4 Risk management examples 71 71 72 72 72 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 76 Appendix B: Site-and-soil evaluation procedures 83 Appendix 4.1A 74 (Normative) B1 Scope 83 4.1A1 74 B2 Desktop study 83 4.1A2 74 B2.1 Objective B2.2 Groundwater B2.3 Site plans B3 Site-and-soil check (SSC) 84 4.1A3 75 B3.1 Matters to be considered B3.2 Reporting B4 Soil assessment B4.1 General B4.2 Soil inspection procedures B4.3 Assessment of soil properties B4.4 Reporting B5 Dispersive soils B5.1 General 86 4.1A4 77 Note: 4.1A5 on nutrient loading considerations has now been replaced by a new Appendix S. 88 4.1A6 79 B5.2 Reclassification of dispersive soils B6 Soil permeability measurement 88 4.1A7 79 B7 Reporting 88 4.1A8 79 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 7
Appendix C: Site-and-soil evaluation for planning, 90 Appendix 4.1B 81 rezoning, and subdivision of land (Normative) C1 Scope 90 4.1B1 81 C2 General 90 4.1B2 81 C3 Site-and-soil evaluation C3.1 Terrain-soil combinations C3.2 Land surface shape C3.3 Gradient C3.4 Water C3.5 Soil inspection C3.5.1 Personnel C3.5.2 Soil survey C3.5.3 Favourable land C3.5.4 Soil sampling and inspection C3.6 Unfavourable land C3.7 Low environmental risk C3.8 Final plan C3.9 Final plan report 90 4.1B3 81 Appendix D: Site-and-soil evaluation for individual lots 96 Appendix 4.1C 87 (Normative) D1 Scope 96 4.1C1 87 D2 Site assessment 96 4.1C2 87 D2.1 General D2.2 Preliminary interpretation D3 Soil assessment for individual lots 98 4.1C3 89 Expanded commentary on soil boreholes and observation pits. D3.1 Soil data collection procedures D3.1.1 Standard procedure D3.1.2 Modified procedure D3.2 Inspection record or log D4 Reserve land application area 99 4.1C4 90 D5 Unfavourable results 99 4.1C5 90 D6 Site report 99 4.1C6 90 Appendix E: Site-and-soil properties (Normative) 104 Appendix 4.1D 95 E1 Scope 104 4.1D1 95 E2 Assessment of site exposure 104 4.1D2 95 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 8
E3 Assessment of soil colour 104 4.1D3 95 E4 Assessment of soil texture E4.1 Field assessment 105 4.1D4 96 Table E1 (replacing Table 4.1D1) now includes Soil Category numbers. E4.2 Laboratory assessment E5 Assessment of course fragments 107 4.1D5 98 E5.1 General E5.2 Abundance E5.3 Size E5.4 Relevance and impact E6 Assessment of soil structure 108 4.1D6 99 E7 Assessment of soil dispersion 109 4.1D7 100 E8 Assessment of areal porosity 109 Appendix F: Dispersive soil and sodicity (Informative) 111 Appendix 4.1E 101 F1 Scope 111 4.1E1 101 F2 Discussion 111 4.1E2 101 Appendix G: Soil permeability measurement Constant 112 Appendix 4.1F 102 head test (Normative) G1 Scope 112 4.1F1 102 G2 Principle 112 4.1F2 102 G3 Apparatus 113 4.1F3 102 Stopwatch included to enable set time interval to be determined. G4 Test procedure 116 4.1F4 103 G4.1 Single test holes G4.2 Multiple test holes G5 Test results 118 4.1F5 106 G6 Test calculation 118 4.1F6 106 Correct equation now provided. Clarification provided on depth to impermeable layer. G7 Test records 119 4.1F7 107 Appendix H: Typical domestic wastewater flow design allowances (Informative) 121 Appendix 4.2D 141 H1 Scope 121 H2 Design flow and peak occupancy 121 Fully revised and split into Australia and New Zealand design flow allowance Tables. On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 9
Appendix J: Recommended capacities for septic tanks 125 Appendix 4.3A 143 (Informative) J1 Scope 125 4.3A1 143 J2 Context of use 125 4.3A2 143 J3 Septic tank capacities J3.1 Service time J3.2 All-waste septic tank capacities J3.3 Greywater septic tank capacities J3.4 Blackwater septic tank capacities 125 4.3A3 143 Expanded explanatory information provided re settling volume allowance. J4 Pumpout frequency 126 4.3A4 144 Notes that septic tanks with outlet filters can have a reduced pumpout frequency. Appendix K Land application systems Guidance on 128 Appendix 4.2B 127 selection (Informative) K1 Scope 128 4.2B1 127 K2 Application 128 4.2B2 127 K3 Limitations due to site, soil, and climatic factors 128 4.2B3 127 K3.1 General K3.2 Salinisation K3.3 Modifications to systems K3.4 System options K3.5 Setback distances K4 Selecting the land application system to fit the site and the soil 129 4.2B4 127 Appendix L: Land application methods Trenches, beds 142 4.2A7 115 and ETA/ETS systems (Normative) L1 General 142 4.2A7.1 4.2A8.1 115 118 L2 Selection of DLR values 142 4.2A7.2 4.2A8.2 115 118 L3 Plants 143 4.2A8.3 118 L4 Design area sizing L4.1 General L4.2 Sizing 143 4.2A7.3 117 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 10
L5 Construction and installation 144 4.2A7.4 4.2A8.4 117 118 L5.1 General 144 4.5A2.1 147 L5.2 Dimensions 144 4.5A2.2 4.5A3.1 147 151 L5.3 Construction details 146 4.5A2.3 4.5A3.2 147 151 L5.4 Surface water 147 4.5A3.3 151 L6 Effluent loading 147 4.5A4 151 L6.1 Gravity loading L6.1.1 Trench or bed length L6.1.2 Distribution pipe L6.1.3 Arches 147 4.5A4.1 151 4.5A4.1.4 boxed trenches (p. 150) has apparently been omitted. Their advantage is their capacity to store large volume, intermittent daily flows of effluent. The diagram for boxed trenches remains as Fig. L3. L6.2 Discharge control trench effluent loading method for category 1 soil 147 4.5A4.2 153 Expanded details on sand media specification is provided [after 2000 version mistakenly indicated distribution aggregate in Fig 4.5A4 (p. 150)]. L6.3 Dose loading of effluent 148 4.5A4.3 153 Recommends use of LPED dose lines and automatic L7 Construction techniques 148 4.5A5 153 L7.1 Good construction technique L7.2 Dispersive soil L7.3 Filling trenches and beds L8 Installation pipe laying 149 4.5A6 154 L9 Inspection 149 4.5A7 154 L10 Pre-commissioning tests 150 4.5A8 155 L11 Commissioning 150 4.5A9 155 L12 Marking 150 4.5A10 155 L13 Reporting 150 4.5A11 155 sequencing valves. Appendix M: Land application methods Irrigation 155 4.2A10 122 systems (Normative) M1 General 155 4.2A10.1 and 2 122 M2 Effluent quality requirements 155 4.2A10.6 124 M2.1 Covered surface drip and shallow subsurface drip 155 4.2A10.6.1 124 irrigation M2.2 Spray irrigation 156 4.2A10.6.2 126 M2.3 LPED irrigation 156 M2.4 E.coli 156 4.2A10.6.3 126 Thermotolerant coliforms replaced by E.coli. On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 11
M3 Drip irrigation (secondary effluent) 156 4.2A10.2.1 122 M3.1 Shallow subsurface drip irrigation M3.2 Covered surface drip irrigation 157 4.2A10.2.2 122 M4 Spray irrigation (disinfected secondary effluent) 157 4.2A10.2.3 122 M5 LPED irrigation (primary and secondary effluent) 158 M6 Irrigation system design 158 4.2A10.3.1 122 Section expanded. M6.1 General M6.2 Design irrigation rate 159 4.2A10.3.2 123 M7 Irrigation area 161 4.2A10.4 123 M7.1 General 161 4.2A10.4.1 123 Use of good quality topsoil discussed. M7.2 Designated area 161 4.2A10.4.2 123 M8 Spray irrigation 162 4.2A10.5 123 M9 Construction M9.1 General M9.2 Setbacks M9.3 Sloping sites M9.4 Distribution systems M9.4.1 LPED irrigation M9.4.2 Covered surface drip M9.4.3 Spray 162 4.5C2 and 4.5D2 consolidated 160 164 M10 Installation M10.1 Pump system M10.2 Pipework M10.3 Solids, soil and water M11 Pre-commissioning tests M11.1 Drip irrigation 164 4.5C3 and 4.5D3 consolidated 166 4.5C4 and 4.5D4 consolidated M11.2 LPED Irrigation M12 Commissioning 166 4.5C5 4.5D5 M13 Marking 166 4.5C6 4.5D6 M14 Reporting 166 4.5C7 4.5D7 160 164 163 166 163 166 163 166 163 166 Complete revision of this section to incorporate new information on sloping sites and on LPED primary effluent irrigation. New figures are provided for drip, spray and LPED irrigation (with old Figures 4.5C1 and 4.5D1 deleted). Sub-surface and surface drip consolidated. Sub-surface and surface drip consolidated. On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 12
Appendix N: Land application methods Mounds 170 4.2A9 120 (Normative) N1 General 170 4.2A9.1 120 Emphasises mounds are not raised sand filters. N2 Design N2.1 Sizing 170 4.2A9.2 120 Sand loading rate (which sizes distribution bed) reduced from 50mm/day to 40mm/day. N2.2 Application rates N3 Construction and installation N3.1 Site protection N3.2 Construction preparation N3.3 Construction of the mound N3.3.1 Delivery pipe N3.3.2 Sand-fill media N3.3.3 Distribution bed N3.3.4 Effluent distribution network N3.3.5 Pre-commissioning tests N3.3.6 Finish of distribution bed N4 Commissioning 176 4.5B4 159 N5 Reporting 176 4.5B5 159 Appendix P: Disinfection (Informative) 177 172 4.5B3 156 The distribution manifold in N3.3.4 is to be placed so it drains between doses. P1 Chlorination P1.1 Disinfection apparatus P1.2 Chlorine dosing P1.3 Monitoring and maintenance P2 Ultraviolet P2.1 Disinfection apparatus P2.2 Maintenance 177 178 Appendix Q: Water balance and land application systems 180 Appendix 4.2C 137 (Informative) Q1 Scope 180 4.2C1 137 Q2 General 180 4.2C2 137 Q3 Land application water-balance 181 4.2C3 138 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 13
Q4 Water-balance and primary treated effluent 181 4.2C4 138 Q4.1 General Q4.2 Trenches and beds Q4.3 Evapotranspiration/absorption/seepage systems Q4.4 Mounds Q4.5 LPED irrigation Q5 Water-balance and secondary effluent Q5.1 Secondary effluent quality Q5.2 Subsurface drip irrigation Q5.3 Covered surface drip and spray irrigation 183 4.2C5 139 Appendix R: Recommended setback distances for land 184 application systems (Informative) R1 Scope 184 R2 Application 184 R3 References/guidelines used in the development of these 190 setback distances Appendix S: Nutrients (Informative) 191 S1 Scope 191 S2 Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus 191 S3 Harmful effects 192 S4 Natural removal mechanisms 192 S4.1 Phosphorus S4.2 Nitrogen S5 Guidelines 194 S6 Nutrient databases 194 S7 Removal in treatment facility 195 Appendix T: Operation and maintenance guidelines (Informative) 196 40 T1 Scope 196 T2 Preparation 196 3.7.3.1 40 T3 Content of operation and maintenance guidelines 196 3A3.2 41 T4 On-site system incidents and emergencies 197 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 14
T5 Typical content of operation and maintenance guidelines for 197 3A3 44 householders T5.1 Description of wastewater treatment and land 197 3A4.4.1 46 Wastewater treatment unit replaces septic tank. application systems T5.1.1 The wastewater treatment unit T5.1.2 Land application system 197 3A4.4.2 47 T5.1.2.1 Trenches T5.1.2.2 Beds T5.1.2.3 Evapotranspiration/absorption/seepage systems T5.1.2.4 Mound systems T5.1.2.5 Irrigation systems 198 198 198 198 198 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) T5.1.3 Distribution systems 198 3A4.4.3 48 T5.1.4 Reserve areas 199 3A4.2 45 T5.2 Operation and maintenance requirements 200 3A5.1 48 T5.2.1 Advice to a property owner/occupier on use of the system T5.2.2 Advice on maintenance 201 3A5.2 49 T5.2.3 Advice on operating problems 202 3A5.3 50 T5.3.4 Consequences of failure 202 3A5.4 50 T5.2.5 Advice on property owner/occupier 202 3A5.5 50 responsibilities T5.2.6 Advice on alternative on-site systems 202 3A5.6 51 Appendix U:Monitoring records for on-site systems (Informative) 203 U1 Scope 203 U2 Purpose of records 203 U3 Sources of data 203 U4 Monitoring forms 203 Appendix V: Comparison of sections between AS/NZS 1547:2000 and AS/NZS 1547:2012 (Informative) 207 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 15
TABLES AS/NZS 1547:2012 Page AS/NZS 1547:2000 Page NOTES re 2012 CHANGES 1.1 Slope conversion table 19 3.1 Implementation processes and persons involved 24 Table 3.1 33 Essential stages 5.1 Determination of soil category 39 Table 4.1.1 59 5.2 Soil categories and recommended design irrigation/loading rates (DIR/DLR) for land application systems 55 Summarises DLR and DIR values for all systems, but notes that information and detail in Tables L1, M1 and N1 take precedence over Table 5.2. A1 Examples of design risk reduction measures 77 A2 Examples of operation and maintenance risk reduction 79 measures A3 Examples of administrative risk reduction measures 81 B1 Summary of investigation procedures 86 Table 4.1A1 77 B2 Soil properties 87 Table 4.1A2 78 D1 Site assessment factors Individual lot 97 Table4.1C1 88 E1 Assessment of soil textures 106 Table 4.1D1 97 E2 Abundance of coarse fragments 107 Table 4.1D2 98 E3 Size of coarse fragments 107 Table 4.1D3 98 E4 Structure 108 Table 4.1D4 99 H1 Typical domestic wastewater design flow allowance Australia H2 Typical domestic wastewater design flow allowances for each fixture Australia H3 Typical domestic wastewater design flow allowances Domestic wastewater from households New Zealand H4 Typical domestic wastewater design flow allowances Domestic wastewater from commercial premises New Zealand 121 122 123 124 Replaces Appendix 4.2D (p. 141). J1 All-waste septic tank operational capacities 127 Table 4.3A1 143 J2 Greywater septic tank operational capacities 127 Table4.3A2 144 J3 Blackwater septic tank operational capacities 127 Table4.3A3 144 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 16
K1 Land application systems Limitations due to site, soil, and 130 Table 4.2B1 128 climatic factors K2 Selecting the land application system to fit the site and the soil 135 Table4.2B2 132 L1 Recommended design loading rates for trenches and beds 145 Tables 4.2A1 and 116 4.2A2 119 L2 Typical dimensions of conventional trenches and beds 146 Table 4.5A1 147 ETA/ETS systems consolidated with trenches and beds. M1 Recommended design irrigation rate (DIR) for irrigation 160 Table 4.2A4 125 Expanded to include DIR values for drip, spray and LPED systems irrigation.. M2 Recommended reductions in DIR according to slope 163 N1 Recommended mound design loading rates 172 Table 4.2A3 121 R1 Guidelines for horizontal and vertical setback distances 185 R2 Site constraint scale for development of setback distances 187 S1 Typical nutrient contributions for residential dwellings 191 FIGURES 1.1 Management framework for on-site systems 8 6.1 Example record sheet Septic tank and trench system 65 Figure 3.1 43 6.2 Example record sheet AWTS and irrigation system 66 6.3 Emergency flow chart 67 A1 The risk management process 73 B1 Site-and-soil evaluation form: Excavation log Example 89 Figure 4.1A1 80 C1 Site-and-soil evaluation process for subdivisions 91 Figure 4.1B1 82 C2 Slope configuration and surface drainage 93 Figure 4.1B2 84 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 17
D1 Site plan Individual lot Example 100 Figure 4.1C1 91 D2 Site information sheet Example 101 Figure 4.1C2 92 D3 Site-and-soil evaluation form Individual lot Example 102 Figure 4.1C3 93 E1 Example of pore charts with an areal percentage of 1.5 110 G1 Permeameter assembly 115 Figure 4.1F1 104 G2 Anti-scouring device 116 Figure 4.1F2 105 G3 Soil permeability field record sheet Example 120 Figure 4.1F3 108 L1 Conventional piped trench 151 Figure 4.5A1 148 L2 Self-supporting arch trench 151 Figure 4.5A2 148 L3 Boxed trench 152 Figure 4.5A3 149 L4 Discharge control trench 153 Figure 4.5A4 150 Sand fill media replaces distribution aggregate. L5 Conventional bed 153 Figure 4.5A5 150 L6 ETA/ETS bed details 154 Figure 4.5A6 152 L7 ETA/ETS trenches 154 Figure 4.5A7 152 M1 Drip irrigation system Example layout of components 167 M2 Spray irrigation system Example layout of components 168 M3 Shallow subsurface LPED irrigation Example system 169 Figures 4.5C1 and 4.5D1 (p. 161 and 167) replaced. N1 Wisconsin mound system 174 Figure 4.5B1 157 Q1 The natural water balance of land 180 Figure 4.2C1 137 R1 Example of design and compliance boundaries for application of setback distances for a soil absorption system R2 Example of wastewater pathways and site constraints for application of setback distances for a soil absorption system 188 189 T1 The septic tank and land application system 199 Figure 3A1 45 T2 Traditional septic 200 Figure 3A2 47 U1 Monitoring form Site information 204 U2 Monitoring form On-site 205 U3 Monitoring form Soil investigation 206 On-Site NewZ AS/NZS 1547:2012 and AS/NZS 1547:2000 Comparison Part A [7 September 2012] 18