Indicators on agriculture and fishing Taller de trabajo del proyecto BIEE / Mesoamérica Base de Indicadores de Eficiencia Energética UPME 24-25 Marzo 2015 Bruno Lapillonne, Vice President, Enerdata
Share of agriculture sector in final consumption and GDP Agriculture sector includes: agriculture (farming, cattle breeding ), fishing and forestry Sector with usually a low share of final energy consumption and GDP but sometimes with a significant contribution in the GDP in less industrialized countries: From around 2%-3% of final energy consumption in Chile or Mexico to a range of 5-7% in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina From around 5% of GDP in Chile, Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina to 8% in Uruguay and 13% Bolivia and 22% in Paraguay. Consumption not well known (e.g. Chile, Bolivia and Paraguay). Coverage of energy use not always clear and breakdown not always available between the different sub-sectors.
Energy efficiency indicators in agriculture Overall indicators: Total energy intensity Diesel intensity Electric intensity Indicators by sub-sector Energy intensities separated for agriculture, fishing and forestry Specific consumption per hectare for agriculture Specific consumption for fishing per boat Indicators by type of activity (type of crop, of fishing) Indicators to be related to different explanatory factors: Rate of mechanization of agriculture % of agriculture area with irrigation Rate of equipment in electric and diesel pumps 3
Outline 1. Overall indicators 2. Indicator by sub-sector 3. Indicators by type of activity
Energy intensity trends of agriculture Strong fluctuations in the energy intensity due strong variations in value added of the sector with climate fluctuations ( draught, flooding ) 0,25 Argentina Brazil Uruguay 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Source : BIEE 5
Comparison of energy intensity of agriculture Agriculture is much more energy intensive in Argentina and Uruguay Agriculture not intensive in Paraguay and Bolivia Energy intensity of agriculture and fishing (2010) Source : BIEE 6
Outline 1. Overall indicators 2. Indicators by sub-sector 3. Indicators by type of activity
ktoe Energy consumption of agriculture sector by sub -sector Energy consumption of agriculture fishing and forestry: case of Uruguay 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 26% 25% 5% 2% 70% 73% 2000 2011 agriculture forestry fishing Source BIEE, from DNE/MME 8
ktoe Energy consumption of agriculture sector by sub -sector Energy consumption of agriculture fishing and forestry: case of Uruguay 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 agriculture forestry fishing 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Source BIEE, from DNE/MME 9
toe/hectare Specific energy consumption of agriculture 1,6 1,4 Specific energy consumption per ha 2000 2010 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 El Salvador Tunisia Morocco Uruguay Algeria Lebanon Sources: Tunisia, Morocco, Lebanon and Algeria: Medener; El Salvador, Uruguay: BIEE 10
toe/ha Specific energy consumption of agriculture: impact of irrigation Irrigation is twice more intensive in Uruguay (around 15% of land irrigated) Specific energy consumption of agriculture per hectare: irrigated vs non irrigated: Uruguay 0,35 0,30 0,25 Irrigated agriculture Non irrigated 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Source BIEE, from DNE/MME 11
toe/hectare Specific energy consumption of agriculture: impact of irrigation The magnitude of the difference depends on the climate: in Mediterranean countries (e.g. Lebanon or Morocco), the ratio is around 6. 1,2 1,0 Specific energy consumption per hectare: irrigated vs non irrigated Average Irrigation 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 Tunisia Morocco Uruguay 12
Outline 1. Overall indicators 2. Indicators by sub-sector 3. Main lessons
Main lessons for agriculture Good coverage of energy intensity as it is calculated from energy balance and value added, but limited other indicators. The main problems encountered are: 1. Cultivated area varies significantly from one year to the other in several countries 2. Energy consumption by sub-sector (agriculture, fishing ) available for only 4 countries (Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and El Salvador); 3. Consumption by end use (irrigation, tractors ) available for only 3 countries (Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay); 14