Water Management Energy and Sustainability Sub Group November Meeting Brian Boyd, Kate McMordie Stoughton, and Jordan Henderson November 20, 2013 1
Agenda Implementation strategies for Federal Guiding Principles protect and conserve water Water metering Water balance introduction Water best management practices (BMPs): Laboratory equipment Central plants Water waste low and no cost measures Resources 2
Federal Guiding Principles Protect and Conserve Water Indoor Water Reduce indoor water use by 20% compared to baseline Outdoor Water Reduce outdoor water use by 50% compared to baseline Measurement of Water Use Install water meters on buildings with high use Stormwater Meet Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) Section 438 stormwater management requirements Process Water Improve process water efficiency when water is used to improve energy efficiency Water-Efficient Products Procure water efficient products through Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) WaterSense program and Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) designated products FEMP resource on compliance options: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/services/hpsb_webinar3.html 3
Guiding Principles Implementation Options Indoor Water (2 options) Option 1: Reduce potable water use by 20% compared to a water baseline calculated for the building. Baseline for buildings built in 1994 or later: 120% of the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) 2006 or the International Plumbing Code (IPC) 2006 fixture performance requirements Baseline for building built before 1994: 160% of the UPC 2006 or the IPC 2006 fixture performance requirements Option 2: Reduce building measured potable water use by 20% compared to building water use in 2003 or a year thereafter with quality water data. If only one meter is installed for the site, reduce the potable water use (indoor and outdoor combined) by at least 20% compared to building water use in 2003 or a year thereafter. Indoor Water 4
Guiding Principles Implementation Options Indoor Water UPC/IPC Baseline Fixture Flow/Flush Rates Fixture UPC/IPC 2006 Rating Toilets Urinals Showerheads Private lavatory and kitchen faucets Public faucets Metering faucets 1.6 gallon per flush (gpf) 1.0 gpf 2.5 gallon per minute (gpm) Notes Flushometer and tank At 80 pounds per inch (psi) 2.2 gpm At 60 psi 0.5 gpm 0.25 gallon per cycle 5
Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Indoor Water Option 1 Water Use Calculation 6 Recommended Evidence of Compliance Documented analyses comparing the calculated current water use to the calculated baseline demonstrates 20% reduction Cut sheets and specifications of current building fixtures
Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Indoor Water Option 2 Reduce measured water use by 20% Option 2: Reduce building measured potable water use by 20% compared to building water use in 2003 or a year thereafter with quality water data. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Provide water metered data showing 20% reduction Use Energy Star Portfolio Manager to show indoor water use reduction of 20% 7
Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Outdoor Water Outdoor Water (3 options) Option 1: Reduce potable irrigation water use by 50% compared to conventional methods. Option 2: Reduce building related potable irrigation water use by 50% compared to measured irrigation water use in 2003 or a year thereafter with quality water data. Option 3: Use no potable irrigation water. 8
Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Outdoor Water Option 1 Reduce calculated water use by 50% Option 1: Reduce potable irrigation water use by 50% compared to conventional methods. U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Energy Management Program, Federal Water Efficiency Best Practices http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/program/waterefficiency_bmp.html U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water-Efficient Landscaping http://www.epa.gov/watersense/docs/waterefficient_landscaping_508.pdf Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG), Protect and Conserve Water http://www.wbdg.org/design/conserve_water.php EPA s Integrating Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping into Your Environmental Management System http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/green/pubs/green-ems.pdf 9 Recommended Evidence of Compliance Documented water modeling analyses comparing the baseline (conventional) case to the installed case demonstrates 50% reduction.
Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Outdoor Water Option 2 Reduce measured water use by 50% Option 2: Reduce building related potable irrigation water use by 50% compared to measured irrigation water use in 2003 or a year thereafter with quality water data. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Provide water metered data showing 50% reduction Use Energy Star Portfolio Manager to show outdoor water use reduction of 50% 10
Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Outdoor Water Option 3 Use no potable irrigation water Option 3: Use no potable irrigation water. The PNNL Energy Management Team opted to use option 3 to demonstrate compliance with this principle. The RPL uses no potable water for irrigation. The facility does not have any grass or landscaping so no water, potable or otherwise, is consumed for this purpose. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Document an on-site visual inspection and/or photos confirming no landscape for irrigation or confirming non-potable irrigation strategies. Site plan showing no landscape for irrigation. Landscape plan showing native plants or xeriscape that require no irrigation. 11
Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Measurement of Water Use Measurement of Water Use Install a water meter for the building or if only one meter is installed for the site, reduce the potable water use (indoor and outdoor combined) by at least 20% compared to building water use in 2003 or a year thereafter. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Provide metered consumption that demonstrates 20% reduction. Period Year Start Date End Date Use(CCF) Cost Use/Day Cost/Day Unit Cost Nov 2011 10/27/2011 11/30/2011 14 $106.00 0.42 $3.21 $7.57 Oct 2011 9/29/2011 10/27/2011 51 $137.45 1.82 $4.91 $2.70 Sep 2011 8/29/2011 9/29/2011 135 $208.85 4.35 $6.74 $1.55 Aug 2011 7/27/2011 8/29/2011 192 $257.30 5.82 $7.80 $1.34 Jul 2011 6/27/2011 7/27/2011 140 $213.10 4.67 $7.10 $1.52 Jun 2011 5/26/2011 6/27/2011 163 $232.65 5.09 $7.27 $1.43 May 2011 4/27/2011 5/26/2011 135 $208.85 4.66 $7.20 $1.55 Apr 2011 3/28/2011 4/27/2011 46 $133.20 1.53 $4.44 $2.90 Mar 2011 2/24/2011 3/28/2011 27 $117.05 0.84 $3.66 $4.34 Feb 2011 1/27/2011 2/24/2011 22 $112.80 0.79 $4.03 $5.13 Jan 2011 12/22/2010 1/27/2011 28 $117.90 0.78 $3.28 $4.21 Dec 2010 11/23/2010 12/22/2010 8 $100.90 0.28 $3.48 $12.61 Nov 2010 10/22/2010 11/23/2010 17 $108.55 0.53 $3.39 $6.39 Oct 2010 9/23/2010 10/22/2010 51 $137.45 1.76 $4.74 $2.70 Sep 2010 8/20/2010 9/23/2010 131 $205.45 3.85 $6.04 $1.57 Aug 2010 7/21/2010 8/20/2010 141 $213.95 4.7 $7.13 $1.52 Jul 2010 6/21/2010 7/21/2010 128 $202.90 4.27 $6.76 $1.59 Jun 2010 5/19/2010 6/21/2010 109 $186.75 3.3 $5.66 $1.71 May 2010 4/21/2010 5/19/2010 113 $190.15 4.04 $6.79 $1.68 Apr 2010 3/22/2010 4/21/2010 67 $151.05 2.23 $5.04 $2.25 Mar 2010 2/22/2010 3/22/2010 20 $111.10 0.71 $3.97 $5.56 Feb 2010 1/25/2010 2/22/2010 20 $111.10 0.71 $3.97 $5.56 Jan 2010 12/23/2009 1/25/2010 15 $106.85 0.45 $3.24 $7.12 Dec 2009 11/23/2009 12/23/2009 13 $105.15 0.43 $3.51 $8.09 Nov 2009 10/21/2009 11/23/2009 20 $111.10 0.61 $3.37 $5.56 Oct 2009 9/22/2009 10/21/2009 83 $164.65 2.86 $5.68 $1.98 Sep 2009 8/20/2009 9/22/2009 145 $217.35 4.39 $6.59 $1.50 Aug 2009 7/24/2009 8/20/2009 137 $210.55 5.07 $7.80 $1.54 Jul 2009 6/24/2009 7/24/2009 155 $225.85 5.17 $7.53 $1.46 Jun 2009 5/21/2009 6/24/2009 168 $236.90 4.94 $6.97 $1.41 May 2009 4/16/2009 5/21/2009 102 $180.80 2.91 $5.17 $1.77 Apr 2009 3/19/2009 4/16/2009 68 $151.90 2.43 $5.43 $2.23 Mar 2009 2/19/2009 3/19/2009 16 $107.70 0.57 $3.85 $6.73 Feb 2009 1/23/2009 2/19/2009 15 $106.85 0.56 $3.96 $7.12 Jan 2009 12/18/2008 1/23/2009 22 $112.80 0.61 $3.13 $5.13 12
Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Employ strategies that reduce stormwater runoff and discharges of polluted water offsite. Per EISA Section 438, where redevelopment affects site hydrology, use site planning, design, construction, and maintenance strategies to maintain hydrologic conditions during development, or to restore hydrologic conditions following development, to the maximum extent that is technically feasible. http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/upload/ei sa-438.pdf Recommended Evidence of Compliance Provide stormwater runoff plan and stormwater strategies, documented inspection, permits, local regulatory approvals or plans utilized per Guidance. 13
Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Process Water Cost effective water conservation measures Process Water Per EPAct 2005 Section 109, when potable water is used to improve a building s energy efficiency, deploy lifecycle cost effective water conservation measures. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Prepare documentation stating if potable water is being used for energy efficiency and, if so, document measures implemented to conserve water; if not lifecycle cost effective (criteria 10 CFR 436 A), provide justification. 14
Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Water- Efficient Products 15 Water-Efficient Products Where available, use EPA s WaterSense-labeled products or other water conserving products. Install FEMP designated water efficient products. Choose irrigation contractors who are certified through a WaterSenselabeled program. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Specify WaterSense-labeled products and other waterconserving products in site- or building-level bid, procurement, purchasing, or contract specifications. WaterSense Products: Tank toilets Private lavatory faucets Showerheads Landscape irrigation controllers Flushing urinals Pre-rinse spray valves FEMP Designated Products: Ice machines Steam cookers Dishwashers Clothes washers
Water Metering Positive Displacement Meters Types of Meters Differential Pressure Meters Velocity Meters Nutating-Disk Meters Piston Meters Orifice Meters Venturi Meters Turbine Meters Paddlewheel Meters Multi-jet Meters Magnetic Meters Ultrasonic Meters 16
Positive Displacement Meters Only meter that directly measures the volume of fluid Sensitive to low flow rates Accurate over a broad range of flow rates Available in sizes up to 3- inch connections Flow rates between 0.25- gpm and 160-gpm http://www.elsteramcowater.com/en/images_content/326_c700_direct_read_bg.jpg 17
Nutating-Disk Meters Most common potable water meter for sizes up to 3 inches As water passes through the measuring chamber it causes a rocking motion to the disk This motion is transferred to the register to display the flow http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/pdf/dw/publications/ontap/2009_tb/water_meters_dwfsom67.pdf 18
Venturi Meters Venturi principle is used to measure flow Smaller diameter section than the pipe upstream, creating a pressure drop Velocity increases and pressure decreases Flow rates measured by the difference in pressure Available in sizes up to 16 inch. Flow rates up to 8,500 gpm http://www.rbpump.com/webpictures/flowmeter1.jpg 19
Turbine Meters Rotating blades in-line with the flow of water Volume determined by the number of revolutions by the rotor Not accurate for low flow applications Available in connection sizes of ¼-in. up to 20-in. Flow rates from 0.025 to 15,000-gpm http://www.thermx.com/exact_flow/dualrotor3-d.jpg 20
Water Balance Introduction Water Cycle Water Distribution Curve 21
Water Balance Introduction Water sources Water uses Municipal supply On-site freshwater Alternative water Metered uses Unmetered uses Losses 22
Laboratory Equipment BMP Operation & Maintenance Water Purification Establish proactive leak detection and repair Set flow rates to minimum manufacturer s setting Run only full loads Designate equipment to meet appropriate water quality needs Choose system with high recovery rate Evaluate supply water characteristics Vacuum Systems Install dry systems Washers Choose high efficiency models Choose systems that recycle last rinse for first wash of next cycle FEMP Laboratory and Medical Equipment BMP: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/program/waterefficiency_bmp12.html 23
Laboratory Equipment BMP Condensate cooling retrofit reduces water needed during standby mode of operation by 90% Ejector retrofit modifies the way the system evacuates the vessel, reducing water use by 90% during operating hours http://www.steris.com/ 24
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Optimization Increase system recovery rate Pretreatment Advanced membrane technology Large surface areas High permeability Low-biofouling 25 FEMP Technology Evaluation: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/ro_optimization.pdf
RO Optimization Increase system recovery rate Flow configuration optimization Concentrate recirculation Concentrate staging Concentrate Recirculation Concentrate Staging 26
Central Plant BMP Automation Blowdown control maximize cycles of concentration Real time dosing, monitoring, reporting Bio-monitoring Equipment Softening Side-stream filtration Ozone/UV microbial control (cooling towers) Chemicals Green chemicals Set performance with chemical vendors Alternate Sources Air handler condensate Rainwater Process discharge FEMP Cooling Tower BMP: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/program/waterefficiency_bmp10.html FEMP Boiler/Steam System BMP: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/program/waterefficiency_bmp8.html 27
Water Waste Joint Base Lewis McChord 1.5 million gallon per year (Mgal/yr) loss from a leaking pump Represents about 20% of the water used by the central heating plants Replacement pump estimated to cost $18,200 Simple payback is 9.3 years and SIR is 1.6 28
Water Waste Idaho National Laboratory Sewage pond augmentation estimated to be 2 Mgal/year to ensure the bentonite clay liner stays wet Design review revealed the pond has a liner 29
Resources FEMP Water Efficiency: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/program/waterefficienc y.html FEMP Water Efficient Products: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/eep_purc hasingspecs.html Federal High Performance and Sustainable Buildings: http://www.wbdg.org/references/fhpsb.php EPA WaterSense: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/ Alliance for Water Efficiency: http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/ 30
Thank you! Brian Boyd: brian.boyd@pnnl.gov Kate McMordie Stoughton: kate.mcmordie@pnnl.gov 31