Jordan River TMDL Study What Have We Learned So Far? Salt Lake Countywide Watershed Symposium October 29 th, 2008 Hilary Arens & James Harris Utah Division of Water Quality
TMDL Update Impairments Water Budget River Elevation and Velocity Linkage Analysis Pollution Loading QUAL2K Model Development TMDL Timeline 2010
Impaired Segments Segment 8: Total Dissolved Solids
Impaired Segments Segment 7: Temperature Total Dissolved Solids
Impaired Segments Segment 6: Temperature Total Dissolved Solids
Impaired Segments Segment 5: E. Coli Temperature Total Dissolved Solids
Impaired Segments Segment 3: E. Coli
Impaired Segments Segment 2: Dissolved Oxygen E. Coli
Impaired Segments Segment 1: Dissolved Oxygen Total Dissolved Solids
A Few Things to Point Out... Lower River - Flood Control Several Wastewater Sources Several Major Diversions Utah Lake
Water Budget River Segment 3 and 4: 2100 South to 500 North - Mile 16.1 to 10.2 Inflow from Upstream: =573,900 ac-ft/yr Inflow into this river segment: =52,823 ac-ft/yr Withdrawal from this river segment: =466,533 ac-ft/yr Predicted flow in this river segment: 573,900 ac-ft/yr + 52,823 ac-ft/yr - 466,533 ac-ft/yr = 160,189 ac-ft/yr Measured flow=158,640 ac-ft/yr Difference between predicted and actual: =1,550 ac-ft/yr
Water Budget Inflow Difference between Upstream and Downstream Inflow from Utah Lake - 9000 South (ac-ft/yr) Groundwater 69,530 Diffuse Runoff 862 Irrigation Tailwater 6,512 Other 20,888 Stormwater 5,808 Rose Creek 219 Utah Lake Outlet 416,074 Dry Creek 3,639 Corner Canyon Creek 2,087 Midas/Butterfield Creek 764 Willow Creek 997 Inflow from 2100 South - 500 North (ac-ft/yr) 1300 South Conduits 24,248 City Creek Conduit 10,138 Diffuse Runoff 124 Stormwater 4,383 Groundwater 13,930 Jordan River - 2100 South 573,900
Water Budget Withdrawal Difference between Upstream and Downstream Outflow from UT Lake - 9000 South (ac-ft/yr) Utah and Salt Lake Canal (42,495) Jordan and SLC Canal (7,888) South Jordan Canal (24,464) Salt Lake City - East Jordan Canal (12,608) North Jordan Canal (6,638) Draper Canal (9,329) Outflow from 2100 South - 500 North (ac-ft/yr) Utah Lake Distributing Canal (26,135) East Jordan Canal (35,711) Jacob-Welby Canal (28,051) Out flows (466,533)
River Elevation and Velocity
14 12 JR-1 JR-2 JR-3 JR-4 JR-5 JR-6 JR-7 JR-8 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l). 10 8 6 4 State Canal S. Davis WWTP Class 3B Criteria = 5.5 mg/l BCC Mill Creek LCC Central Valley WWTP South Valley WWTP Class 3A Criteria = 6.5 mg/l 2 0 Davis Co. - North Temple - 2100 South - 6400 South - 0 10 20 30 40 50 7800 South - Jordan River Mile Bluffdale Rd. Narrows - Utah Lake - 1999-2000 2004-2005 Criteria Long Term (1995-2005) Jordan River Dissolved Oxygen 1999-2000 2004-2005 Long Term (1995-2005) Criteria Mean n % Exceed Mean n % Exceed Mean n % Exceed Cudahy Lane 5.5 6.4 18 27.8 6.3 28 39.3 6.9 99 19.2 Redwood Road 5.5 na na na 5.4 15 33.3 na 0 na North Temple 5.5 na na na 5.7 21 61.9 5.7 24 54.2
14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 Dissolved Oxygen Means & Chronic Violations, 1995-2005 January February March April May June July August September October November December Month 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) Percent of Samples Violating 30 Day Average Standard 5.5 mg/l 30 Average Standard Cudahy Lane - Violations North Temple - Violations 1700 S - Violations 2100 S - Violations Cudahy Lane - Mean North Temple - Mean 1700 S - Mean 2100 S - Mean
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 Jordan River Diurnal DO below 2100 South (segments 1-3) Jordan River Diurnal Dissolved Oxygen June 2006 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 11.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 Jordan River Diurnal Dissolved Oxygen August 2006 19-Jun 20-Jun 21-Jun 22-Jun 23-Jun 8-Aug 9-Aug 10-Aug 11-Aug Cudahy 500 N 1700 S Jordan River Diurnal Dissolved Oxygen October 2006 Burnham Cudahy 500 N 1700 S Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 7-Oct 8-Oct 9-Oct 10-Oct 11-Oct 12-Oct Burnham Cudahy 500 N 1700 S Jordan River TMDL DO Linkage
Dissolved Oxygen Deficit Jordan River Dissolved Oxygen Deficit (1980-2005) 3.5 3.0 Dissolved Oxygen Deficit (mg/l) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 January February March April May June July August September October November December Month Cudahy Lane 1700 South 2100 South
What is Causing Low DO? Linkage Analysis Primary Production / Eutrophication Biological Oxygen Demand Sediment Oxygen Demand Physical Characteristics Water Management
Impairment (reason for 303d listing) Potential Causes (factors that potentially account for impairment) Indicators (variables that suggest cause of impairment) Drivers (factors that would likely underlie a cause of impairment) Solutions (potential management measures) Optimize flow velocities from Utah Lake Reduce irrigation diversion Rougher channel surfaces Install channel structures to increase mixing Management of Utah Lake discharges Irrigation diversions Storm events Surplus Canal diversion Channel with shallow, uniform gradient Water temperature Low flow causing low velocity Channel shape, slope Reduce loading from sources Reduce algal growth Dead and dying algae Discharge from POTWs Organic loading during storms Spring flushes High BOD Aerobic decomposition of organic matter in water Physical limitations DO solubility and reaeration Low DO Aerobic decomposition of organic matter in sediments Nighttime algal consumption of O 2 High chlorophyll a Strong diurnal variation in DO Diurnal variation in ph N l Ph l High SOD High organic content of sediments High density of benthic macros Frequent resuspension Dead algae settling from upstream Organic matter availability Reduce organic matter loading Reduce loading of organic soils Manage flows to minimize resuspension and temperature Reduce surface area (improve/deepen channel)
Pollution Loading Stormwater Stream Erosion Point Sources Utah Lake Diffuse Runoff Tributary Inflows Onsite Systems
10.00 Total Phosphorus (mg/l). 1.00 0.10 S. Davis WWTP State Canal Total P Indicator = 0.05 mg/l Central Valley WRF South Valley WRF BCC Mill Creek LCC 0.01 Davis Co. - JR-1 North Temple - JR-2 2100 South - JR-3 6400 South - JR-4 JR-5 JR-6 JR-7 JR-8 0 10 20 30 40 50 7800 South - Jordan River Mile 1999-2000 2004-2005 Long Term (1995-2005) Indicator Value Bluffdale Rd. Narrows - Utah Lake - Mean concentrations of Total P measured at intensive monitoring locations on the Jordan River. The plot background indicates relative positions of Jordan River segments 1 (JR-1) through 8 (JR-8) with respect to monitoring locations.
Jordan River mean Total P loading (1995-2005) Direct Runoff Stormwater 1% 2% Tributaries Utah Lake 3% 9% Groundwater 6% Annual Pollutant Loads (kg/yr) to Jordan River Jordan River mean Total Ammonia loading (1995-2005) 472,000 kg/yr POTWs 79% Utah Lake 21% Stormwater 3% Direct Runoff 194,000 kg/yr 2% Tributaries 3% Groundwater 1% POTWs 70%
Utah Lake Jordan and SL Canal Narrows Utah Lake Dist. Canal Utah and SL Canal E Jordan Canal S Jordan Canal Bluffdale 800000 600000 400000 200000 0-200000 -400000-600000 Jordan River TP Loads Mill Central Valley 3300 S BCC LCC 5400 S S Valley 7800 S N Jordan Canal Station Downstream Mainstem Tributary Canal WWTP 2100 S Surplus Canal 1700 S City 1300 S Conduit Cudahy Lane South Davis State Canal
QUAL2K Tool for Understanding Complex Interactions River Segments / Tributary Inflows Point Source Discharges Calibration and Validation Quarterly Seasonal Data Collection Applicability for WLAs / Implementation Strategies
Model Inputs Channel Morphology/ Flow Seasonal Synoptic Data Nutrients TSS VSS Biological Oxygen Demand Chlorophyll a Continuous Collection of DO, ph, Temp
Recommendations for QUAL2K Light Field measurement of Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR) is recommended in order to calibrate and verify the model parameters. Characterization of riparian vegetation and shading on incoming solar radiation.
Recommendations of QUAL2K Algal Growth Michaelis-Menten Menten (Half-Saturation) model is recommended for use in the Phytoplankton Light Limitation Model. Additional scientific literature review on the appropriate value for the half-saturation constants and the minimum cell quotas for nitrogen and phosphorus.
Model Needs Benthic Periphyton Stream Shading Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR) SOD Re-aeration Rates
How to Measure SOD Pump Pump DO T = Sediments + Water column DO W= Water column only SOD = DO T DO W
Sediment-Oxygen Demand Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Slope of SOD 1 = 0.0065 mg/l-min Slope of Control =0.0005 mg/l-min Do Profile- Control SOD Chamber Do Profile- SOD Chamber 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 Time (minutes) Net SOD = 0.0065-0.0005 =0.0060= 0.006*1.44*240=2.073 g/m 2 -day
Re-aeration Rates Diffuser Dome Method Similar to SOD method (chamber) Comparable to Noble Gas Tracer Methods Easily repeatable and less complicated
E. coli Extended timeline Data collection phase Additional Assessment Needs Source Identification Microbial Source Tracking Partnerships Monitoring
TMDL Timeline 2010 Phase 2 Elements Pollution Endpoints Allocations (Reach Basis) Proposed Load Reductions Final Report due 2010
For more information Hilary Arens Jordan River Basin Coordinator Utah Division of Water Quality P.O. Box 144870 Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-4870 4870 801.538.6076 hilaryarens@utah.gov www.waterquality.utah.gov