Animal Feed Resources and their Management in Myanmar Dr. Tin Maung Soe Research Officer Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department Myanmar
- Myanmar is an agro-based country - Total cultivated area is about 29.7 million acres - 75% of the population involve in Agriculture Sector - 38.7% of GDP (Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries)
(1) Located in South East Asia, Tropical country and three season ကခဂဃငစဆဇကခဂဃငစဆဇ (2) Average annual rainfall 100 to 200 inches in coastal and hilly regions below 40 inches in the central Myanmar 40 to 80 inches during monsoon in other parts of Myanmar Temperature - different according to above sea level 4 to 20 C - 30 to 40 C (3) Soil Type muddy (4) Main Crop Paddy and secondary crops are maize, peanut, jute, cotton and rubber,
Agricultural Extension System and related Organization Livestock sector and Agricultural sector are related to each other LBVD has responsibility for improvement of livestock development and rural development according to improve the extension services, public awareness program for prevention and control of animal diseases.
Area classified by type of land Thousand acres N. Year Reserved Forests Current Fallows Net Area Sown Occupied Area Culturable Waste Other than Fallows Other Wood Land Others Total Area 1 1990-1991 25062 4724 20127 24851 20625 54970 41678 167186 2 1995-1996 25503 3042 22017 25059 19697 54557 42370 167186 3 2000-2001 31910 1695 24486 26181 17804 48892 42399 167186 4 2004-2005 38009 1086 25984 27070 15855 44808 41444 167186 5 2005-2006 38813 910 26989 27899 15516 44055 40903 167186 6 2006-2007 40678 736 28118 28854 14758 41969 40927 167186 7 2007-2008 41404 653 28930 29583 14304 40891 41004 167186 8 2008-2009 41604 634 29351 29985 14011 40570 41016 167186 9 2009-2010 41752 597 29591 30188 13861 40166 41219 167186 10 2010-2011 44271 569 29703 30272 13333 38621 40689 167186
Production of selected crops Thousand ton Crop 1990-19 91 1995-19 96 2000-20 01 2004-20 05 2005-20 06 2006-20 07 2007-2 008 2008-20 09 2009-20 10 2010-20 11 CEREALS Paddy 13748.3 17669.6 20986.9 24360.9 27245.8 30435.0 30954.1 32058.5 32165.8 32065.1 Wheat 121.5 76.7 92.1 150.0 156.2 140.2 155.3 170.4 179.2 181.0 Maize 184.1 270.4 358.9 771.1 903.5 1015.8 1128.1 1184.7 1225.7 1354.4 Millet 124.4 147.2 166.2 177.7 208.7 204.9 187.8 190.0 209.9 212.6 OIL SEEDS Groundnut,r 196.8 206.2 241.6 335.1 379.3 414.7 453.8 477.8 513.3 529.3 Groundnut,w 267.8 377.2 477.9 596.1 643.6 673.2 748.4 806.4 827.2 840.8 Sesame,e 148.0 187.9 286.5 351.3 285.4 433.7 489.4 537.0 521.8 528.5 Sesame,l 64.4 110.9 89.3 122.6 153.1 179.8 211.7 228.7 268.3 258.9 Mustard 8.1 8.2 29.9 42.6 50.5 57.2 66.3 83.0 85.2 87.1
Crop 1990-19 91 1995-19 96 2000-20 01 2004-20 05 2005-2 006 2006-2 007 2007-20 08 2008-20 09 Thousand ton 2009-2 010 2010-2 011 PULSES Blackgram 98.7 365.4 523.3 899.1 1004.9 1181.9 1359.3 1423.2 1485.3 1578.3 Greengram 61.9 332.1 511.0 777.7 930.0 1038.1 1177.8 1220.0 1314.7 1338.1 Butter bean 46.3 34.1 49.4 57.4 62.0 70.0 73.0 78.1 76.9 82.8 Bocate(Cow) 28.0 62.6 100.4 136.6 153.9 163.3 201.0 209.3 211.3 214.7 Sultani 4.0 5.4 9.1 10.8 11.6 12.5 13.3 13.9 14.5 15.5 Sultapya 29.1 29.4 55.8 70.9 90.0 94.7 103.4 108.3 109.1 115.9 Pelun 14.3 47.9 103.1 130.3 148.7 150.4 175.9 188.1 185.7 191.0 Pesingon 41.7 142.3 315.3 546.8 599.6 645.1 719.1 765.0 760.6 824.2 (Pigeon) Peyin (Rice 6.0 8.2 25.9 31.2 33.4 35.5 41.9 49.3 51.6 53.5 bean) Pebyagale 1.2 2.1 4.7 6.8 7.7 9.1 8.9 9.5 10.7 10.9 (Duffin bean) Pegyi (Lablab 40.0 44.5 63.0 78.7 90.6 93.2 109.4 123.8 126.8 132.3 bean) Pegya (Limba 6.2 6.4 8.5 11.0 12.0 13.8 14.4 15.2 15.0 15.9 bean) Sadawpe 13.6 23.7 30.5 43.4 45.3 55.9 59.8 57.5 60.9 67.2 (Garden pea) Peyazar 0.3 1.1 2.1 1.3 1.2 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 (Lentil bean) Penauk 24.9 55.0 84.9 95.2 105.9 101.5 115.5 124.0 127.7 130.7 (Krishna mung) Soy bean 25.4 64.7 108.5 157.8 185.9 200.8 213.6 240.0 253.7 254.5 Chick pea 102.0 91.4 117.4 235.2 260.3 329.7 347.9 397.6 434.4 459.4
Thousand ton Crop Sugar Cotton (Wagyi) 1990-1 991 1995-1 996 2000-2 001 2004-2 005 2005-2 006 2006-2 007 2007-2008 2008-2 009 2009-2 010 2010-2 011 1930.7 3199.2 5800.5 7194.9 7073.0 8038.9 9677.7 9744.2 9562.0 9249.5 15.9 16.8 15.7 15.9 15.3 15.8 16.1 15.9 16.1 15.8 Cotton (Mahlain g) Cotton (Long staple) Jute Rubber 27.7 16.8 11.6 14.7 14.3 18.7 20.2 20.5 21.4 20.7 17.7 128.8 123.0 160.8 202.3 229.5 267.0 409.1 477.2 504.6 24.0 42.6 41.2 17.2 14.6 9.3 3.3 1.0 1.3 1.8 14.3 25.3 35.1 51.5 63.2 72.0 87.2 91.8 110.3 126.2
} Prevention and control of infectious diseases of animals } Veterinary Health Certificate } Artificial Insemination service } Animal feed quality assessment } Capacity building (local / Abroad) } Production of UMMB and EM } Livestock Research and Development } Vaccine production & Diagnostic work } Upgrading animal genetic by natural and artificial insemination. } Public awareness ( or ) extension work
Livestock Production Particulars 1990-1 991 1995-1 996 2000-2 001 2004-2 005 2005-2 006 2006-20 07 2007-2 008 2008-2 009 2009-2 010 2010-2 011 Cattle 9310 9862 10982 11944 12150 12393 12664 12964 13185 13609 Baffalo 2061 2203 2441 2651 2710 2773 2845 2927 2875 2977 S&Goat 1354 1504 1807 2250 2437 2661 2922 3233 3609 4084 Pig 2278 2970 3974 5366 5786 6432 7092 7817 8496 9416 Fowl 23323 28452 47755 77116 84829 96847 110614 124993 138938 156407 Duck 3245 5014 6556 8591 9271 10239 11234 12368 12835 14051
( number in millions) Sr. No. Particulars 2012-2013 (Estimates) 1 Cattle 14.51 2 Buffalo 3.20 3 Sheep 0.88 4 Goat 4.35 5 Pig 11.43 6 Poultry 194.22 7 Duck 16.77 8 Quail 0.89
Super Cow Dairy Farm All cows 610 cows Milking cows- 147 cows
Kaung Htet San Dairy Farm All cows- 500 cows Milking cows- 125 cows
Feedstuffs in Super Cow s Diet Rice straw (46%) Wheat bran (9.18%) Maize (9.72%) Sesame meal (7.56%) Chickpea husk (13.5%) Point (14.04%) Rice straw (21%) Broken chickpea (35%) Cotton seed meal (32%) Chickpea husk (5%) Rice (7%) 46:54 (roughage & concentrate ratio) Feedstuffs in Kaung Htet San s Diet 21:79 (roughage & concentrate ratio)
Chemical composition (%) of Diets DM1) OM CP NDF EE Super Cow 90.7 88.6 9.5 56.5 1.3 Kaung Htet San 92.7 92.4 20.8 40.0 3.6 Description
Digestibility of nutrients (%) Description DM1) OM CP NDF EE Super cow 59.7 64.3 41.1 74.8 42.3 Kaung Htet San 67.8 69.8 71.0 69.4 79.6
Total digestible nutrient and digestible crude protein intakes Description Super Cow g/d % of DM TDN1) DCP2) Kaung Htet San TDN DCP 6010.1 387.5 58.4 41.1 8365.8 1945.1 65.3 71.0
Estimated values of ME, RDP, UDP, Total protein, RDN/OMDR and milk yield of cross-bred Holstein Friesian lactating cows in compared with adopted values referenced to NRC Description Estimated value Adopted value 22.12 23.83 RDP, g 777.95 753.00 UDP, g 162.73 511.00 Total protein, g 940.68 1264.00 22.47 32.00* 8.25 8.00 31.58 27.24 RDP, g 2550.87 883.00 UDP, g 199.83 540.00 2750.70 1423.00 RDN/OMDR, g/kg 47.61 32.00* Milk yield, kg 11.53 9.00 Super Cow ME, Mcal RDN/OMDR, g/kg Milk yield, kg Kaung Htet San ME, Mcal Total protein, g
CD ( g/d ) 150 FD-II b 250 200 FD-I a 300 b c 100 a c a b a a a 50 bb a b 0 Total N intake Total DN intake Fecal N Urinary N Figure. Nitrogen utilization (g/d) of respective diets fed to cross-bred Holstein Friesian lactating cows in Super Cow dairy farm N retention
Estimated values of ME, Total protein, Milk yield and Feed cost Description ME, Mcal/kg of DM Total CP intake, kg Milk yield, kg, 4.5% FCM Feed cost, kyat/cow/d Feed cost, kyat/kg of milk CD FD-I FD-II a b b 2.1 a 2.6 1.8 c 12.2 11.2 c 1380 1320 1540 b a b 1.0 a 9.1 170 b 2.6 1.5 b 130 170
Nitrogen utilization of dairy cattle fed respective diets Description Control group Treatment 1 Treatment group 2 group Total N intake, g/d 481.25a 362.33b 422.65c Faecal N, g/d 156.08 145.52 166.24 Urinary N, g/d 182.00a 73.52b 76.20b N retention, g/d 143.17a 143.29ab 180.22b Nf/NI, % 32.43a 40.16b 39.33b Nu/NI, % 37.82a 20.29b 18.03b Nr/NI, % 29.75a 39.55ab 42.64b
Estimated values of milk yield and feed cost in cross-bred Holstein Friesian lactating cows fed on rations Description Milk yield, kg Feed cost/cow/ d (kt) Feed cost/kg of milk (kt) Feed cost/kg of TDN (kt) Control group Treatment 1 Treatment group 2 group 13.81 13.54 14.22 2776.91a 2264.07b 2640.34c 201.08a 167.21b 185.68c 284.81a 239.58b 235.96c
} Loan } Training and introduction of new technology } Distribution of Exotic Breed
} By providing these things, it can be assist the rural development and poverty alleviation.