Implementation of Anaerobic Digestion in Industry Organic Wastewater Treatment OU, Xunmin School of Pubic Policy & Management, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, the People s Republic of China
0. Index 1. From the dinosaur to methane 2. Biogas 3. AD s introduction 4. AD in the world 5. IOW resources in China 6. AD s application of IOW in China 7. Potential CDM project
1. The dinosaur s extinguishing Dominant in the world!!! Why Extinguishing?
CH 4 1. The dinosaur s extinguishing Their odors gas broken wind Methane is a kind of gas and CH 4 is its structural formula CH 4
1. The dinosaur s extinguishing Methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG).According to authorities, the 100- year Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane is estimated to be 21times greater than the same mass of carbon dioxide. The need to control biogas and landfill gas emissions has been the topic of much recent international environmental discussion.
2. Biogas a mixture of methane (60%) and carbon dioxide. very little excess sludge is produced. Biogas is formed solely through the activity of bacteria. During the burning, 1 M3 biogas can produce 23000KJ that is approximately equal to 1kg coal s.
3. AD s introduction THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION Aerobic digestion sludge Anaerobic digestion sludge rganic material + Oxygen Organic material
3. AD s introduction WASTE TREATMENT BENEFITS ENERGY BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ECONOMIC BENEFITS
3. AD s introduction WASTE TREATMENT BENEFITS Natural waste treatment process Requires less land than aerobic composting or landfilling Reduces disposed waste volume and weight to be landfilled
3. AD s introduction ENERGY BENEFITS Net energy producing process Generate high quality renewable fuel Biogas proven in numerous end-use applications
3. AD s introduction ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS Significantly reduces carbon dioxide and methane emissions Eliminates odours Produces a sanitised compost and nutrient-rich liquid fertilizer Maximises recycling benefits
3. AD s introduction ECONOMIC BENEFITS AD is more cost-effective than other treatment options from a lifecycle perspective
4. AD Plant in the world 125 AD plants operating further 35 under construction The total annual installed capacity is more than 5 million tones. This has the potential to generate 600 MW of electricity. A considerable number of AD plants are also being planned.
4. AD Plant in the world Feedstock SEWAGE SLUDGE AGRICULTURAL WASTES MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES INDUSTRIAL WASTES
4. AD Plant in the world Sector Percentage % Food 40 Brewery and soft drinks 25 Distillery 12 Pulp and paper 9 Chemicals 7 Various 7
4. AD Plant in the world Equipment UASB 60 CSTR 10 EGSB 10 Anaerobic 8 filter Lagoon 8 Hybrid 4 Percentag e % Ruidised Bed 4
5. IOW resources in China According to the official report
5. IOW resources in China Present In 1998, there were over 200 projects for animal manure and 450 projects for IOW. The biogas outputs of these projects are 0.32 and 0.06 billion M3.
5. IOW resources in China 2000-2015 national environmental protection fifth plan: COD will be reduced by 10%. Main organic pollution industry: In food processing light industry, the discharged volume will be reduced by 10%. In papermaking and paper products industry, the discharged volume will be reduced by 11%. The goal of the EP produces a broad perspective for the development of the AD engineering, especially in OIWT
5. IOW resources in China In the plan: To deploy the good skilled-experience of the biogas engineering construction To improve the R&D, process technology level To enforce the capability of the automatic controlling In 2015 and in the whole country 2500 middle- and large-size biogas-engineering projects will be existed for treatment and utilization of the OIW, with the capability of
5. IOW resources in China Definition:middle- and large-size biogas engineering project s volume is at and above 100 m 3. Here, For each project: Volume: 1500 m 3 Ratio of Volume to biogas: 3 m 3 / m 3.d, Biogas produced: annual 1.60 million m 3 The energy of biogas 0.714tce/1,000 m (calculating with the biogas thermal capability o 21MJ/ m 3 ) Coal to be substituted by biogas 8.57kgce/ m
6. The benefits in AD s application of IOW in China biogas capacity of OIW biogas project billion m 3 Year 2005 2010 2015 Amount 1.28 2.40 4.00
6. The benefits in AD s application of IOW in China Energy benefit---1, 000 m 3 industrial biogas =71.4TCE(from the heat content or =8.57TCE(from the heat produced) Energy benefit of OIW biogas project Number Project Billion m 3 2005 800 1.28 1.097 Coal equilibrium Million TCE
6. The benefits in AD s application of IOW in China 2010 Project Coal equilibrium Number Billion m 3 Million TCE 1500 2.4 2.0568 2015 Project Coal equilibrium Number Billion m 3 Million TCE 2500 4.0 3.428
6. The benefits in AD s application of IOW in China Economic merits (billion RMB) 2005 2010 2015 Biogas of the project 0.998 1.872 3.12 Manufacture, Construction, I/M 0.650 0.91 1.30 Total 1.648 2.782 4.42
6. The benefits in AD s application of IOW in China Employment Opportunity (person) 2005 2010 2015 Biogas of the project 1980 2 3714 3 6190 5 Manufacture, Construction, I/M 1378 7 1930 1 2757 3 Total 3358 9 5644 4 8947 8
6. The benefits in AD s application of IOW in China Environmental benefit year 2005 2010 2015 CO 2 reduction 1,000 t c SO 2 NO X soot reduction 1,000 t 98.7 185.0 308.5 53.7 100.8 168.0
6. The benefits in AD s application of IOW in China Projection of above commercial plan 2015 yr Direct energy benefit Direc t econo mic benef it Environmental benefit CO 2 reduct ion SO 2 NO X soot Employment Opportunity IOW biogas project 3.428 billion TCE 4.420 billion RMB 308,000 t c 168,000 t 89478 person
6. The benefits in AD s application of IOW in China Funding this commercial plan is a barrier Funding requirement billion RMB 2005 2010 201 5 Total Project 2.5 3.5 5.0 11.0 Capability of operation and construction 0.08 7 0.11 6 0.14 5 0.348 Total 2.58 7 3.61 6 5.14 5 11.34 8
7. Potential CDM project Environmental benefit locally and globally: CO2 and CH4 s reduction Sustainable development in China Fund and technology s inputting from developed countries