Adopting Innovation: Building Information Models in the Real Estate And Construction Cluster Arto Kiviniemi Research Professor ICT for Built Environment VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
New View to the AEC Industry Core Business USERS Facility Management Services Construction Asset Management OWNERS Property Management RECC Real Estate and Construction Cluster MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 2
Importance of the Built Environment Real Estate and Construction Cluster in Finland: Produces and maintains the built environment for business, services and living = one of the key resources of the economy Constitutes the main part, 70%, of the Finnish national assets Employs more than 500 000 people = 20% of the work force Uses ~50% of the energy Operations 35 billion Interest 15 billion Total value of the forest 40 billion 10% Value of built environment 400 billion MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 3
Productivity Problem In the last 40 years AEC industry has not been able to increase the productivity as the other industries 250 200 USA 150 100 50 0 MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 4
Vera: Information Networking in the Construction Process Schedule 1997-2002 Budget Tekes ~48 % 22 million Industry ~52 % 25 million Total budget 47 million Project types Research institutes 48 projects 6 million Industry 113 projects 41 million Total 161 projects 47 million URL: http://cic.vtt.fi/vera/ MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 5
Document/2D-based Process Information is still mostly exchanged as documents - often even on paper - which causes non-valueadding work, friction, data losses and errors MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 6
Costs of Inadequate Interoperability Germany Savings of 670 million euros per year in manual work just by improving the quality of DXF data (Wolfgang Haas, Haas & Partner 1998) Finland Potential savings of 7% in the construction costs by efficient IT use. This estimation did not include savings in reducing errors with better information management, only direct work (Enkovaara & Heikkonen 1998) Several countries Removal of information re-keying would enable savings of 16% in the construction (Thomas Liebich & Jeffrey Wix, AEC3 1999) USA DOD uses $40 million per month in additional work because of the lack of standards. Since DOD s projects are 4% of the US market, this would translate into $12 billion per year in US (Dana Smith, DOD 1999) According to NIST s conservative estimate the lack of interoperability costs annually $15.8 billion to the U.S. capital facilities industry ( Cost Analysis of Inadequate Interoperability in the U.S. Capital Facilities Industry, NIST GCR 04-867, 2004) MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 7
Integrated Model Based Process Information is shared in exploitable data format directly between different systems; Virtual Building MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 8
MOVING Confederation IDEAS INTO PRACTICE of the -Finnish March 21, 2006 Construction Industries 9
Several World-class SW Products in Finland Granlund Progman Solibri Tekla Tocoman MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 10
HUT-600: Data Exchange Problems First real project using IFC data exchange, 2001-2002 Main product model applications, information sharing examples, and experiences learned in the HUT-600 project Middleware and internal database are omitted MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 11 Fischer & Kam, CIFE/Stanford University
BIM Projects of Senate Properties All participants used BIM HUT-600 Tietotalo 2, Oulu Aurora 2 Helsinki Music Centre TUT, Administration BIM used only in one phase of the project Upinniemi, Central Warehouse BIM used in all phases of the project Torikatu 36, Oulu Didacticum HU, Animal Hospital VTT, Digitalo Canthia Only one participant used BIM MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 12
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The Use of RFID Factories: Precasted Elements Windows Reporting Site Enterprixe Model Server MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 21
User Interface of the RFID Phone Your RFID First element RFID Select the message Send the message Next element RFID Send the end message Log information: who, what, where, when MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 22
Helsingin musiikkitalo, LPR Arkkitehdit
Problems and Future Challenges Technical problems in IFC implementation quality In many cases use of proprietary data formats is still the only functioning solution Product data must be available in compliant format Accurate as-built information as a by-product of ecommerce; not supported by current systems Identification (RFID) OK, but required data content is a complex issue Data of existing buildings Lack of specific education for the new tools and processes Education of architects and engineers in the universities is not based on the current modeling techniques, but mainly on traditional CAD MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 35
Value in Optimization? Client s core business (200) FM services (5) (1) Building process Pressure to change Change adaptation Where are the real benefits of ICT? Design (1:5:200 - The Long Term Costs of Owning and Using Buildings Royal Academy of Engineering, UK) Construction MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 36
Design as an Information Process If designers use the previous design solution, already modified information, instead of the actual requirements as the input for the changes, the end-result can easily shift from the goal. Client s requirements Initial solution Change 1 Increasing gap between the solution and the goal Goal Change 2 Change 3 Change 4 End result MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 37
Basic Concept: Model Hierarchy and Links Requirements Model Alternative Solutions Design Model(s) Version 1 Alternative Solutions Production Model(s) Version 1 Integrated Building Information Model Design Model(s) Version 2 Production Model(s) Version 2 Design Model(s) Version 3 Production Model(s) Version 3 Facility Management Model MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 38
Source: Organizing to Exploit Integrated Information Technologies Ray Levitt and John Taylor, CIFE - Stanford University MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 39
Source: Organizing to Exploit Integrated Information Technologies Ray Levitt and John Taylor, CIFE - Stanford University MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 40
Conclusions of Finland s Situation In Finland interoperable BIMs are already a central part of the RECC practice and future strategy Not yet mainstream, but rapidly increasing All large construction companies use models For example, Skanska does not accept in their own projects designers who cannot deliver models Some technical problems exist, but main focus is now in the development of processes Reasons for success Critical mass; individual R&D projects have limited effect Long term vision and focused investment in development Willingness to collaborate combined with small market Education and interest in technology International collaboration and communication MOVING IDEAS INTO PRACTICE - March 21, 2006 41
How about Australia?
Platform 2005 Design Check Scheduler Estimator 3D Model FM Project Parametrics 43
Environmental Impacts Global Global warming Local Building Water pollution Safety Ozone depletion Urban sprawl Sick building Resource depletion Air pollution Fossil fuel use 44
LCADesign Innovation 3D CAD OBJECTS AUTOMATED TAKE-OFF AUSTRALIAN LOCAL EMISSION DATA KEY ENVIRON- MENTAL INDICATORS ECO- EFFICIENT DESIGN PROCESS CAD DRAWINGS OF BUILDING COMPONENT MATERIAL QUANTITIES COSTS PROCESS MODELS BOUSTEAD SIMAPRO ECO- INDICATOR CML PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS COST BENCHMARK Code Input operation Quantity Unit 1 2 3 Air emission dust in processing 7500 mg Air emission CO in processing 370000 mg Air emission CO 2 in processing 500000 mg 4 612 Air emission SOx in processing Solid Waste Mineral Waste 8000 0.0707 mg kg 818 Burn coal feed stock as fuel 0.2646 kg 867 Coal use in Australia 1.6262 MJ 878 Diesel Use in Australia 0.3900 MJ 884 Other Oil Use in Australia 0.1870 MJ 888 Natural gas use in in Australia 1.5000 MJ 5542 Road Transport A 18+ tonne 0.0019 v km 5544 Rail Transport general freight 0.4800 v km 7014 Mixture for Cement Making 1.4400 kg Inventory Input: Oil Coal Ores : Output: Oil Coal Ores : Impact category Damage category Single indicator Climate change Carcinogens Eutrophication Human health Ecosystem quality Environmental performance : Resources Resource depletion Capital cost Capital cost Economic performance Output Environmental performance Economic performance Comparison 45
Capabilities Integration of CAD, IFC, LCI, and analysis provides: One step investigation Availability of assessment during design development (not post-design) Drilling down to identify hot spots Self assessment guide to achieve goals Comparison of alternatives 46
Automated Estimator Project Leader: Robin Drogemuller, CSIRO Reads a 3D building model Creates a bill of quantities (BoQ) that can be linked into unit costs for estimating purposes. Requires a valid 3D model of the building and a description of the items in the required BoQ 47
Automated Estimator EDM 48
Automated Estimator a prototype Reinforced concrete Tensioning Formwork Masonry and Structural steelwork 49
Design Check Project Leader: Lan Ding, CSIRO Automatically checks a building design for compliance Australian standard for access AS1428, Design for access and mobility - General requirements for access - New building work Rads a 3D building model Checks requirements of code 50
Design Check From design 51
Design Check To report 52
Design Check Through encoded rules EDM Rules - Encoding AS1428.1 53
Contract Planning Workbench Project Leader: Gerry Trinadad, CSIRO Automates the generation of first cut construction activity schedules for refinement by planners Identify building COMPONENTS Associate construction ACTIVITIES Estimate required RESOURCES Derive logical SEQUENCE between construction activities Prepares data for simulation in 4D CAD software: CommonPoint (Stanford University spinoff) http://www.stanford.edu/group/cife/ CRC Viewer with added calendar 54
Contract Planning Workbench Display results and then fine tune CAD Viewer + time Connect y Project Common Point Element Classifier IFC PINS to VRML 55
Conclusions CRC Construction Innovation has produced a wide set of interoperable software prototypes LCA Design Design Check Automated Estimator Contract Planning Workbench However, all these need further development Testing in pilot projects and industry collaboration Future extensions and refinement Collaboration between Australia and Finland would be mutually beneficial 56