AAU Rawapindi Irrigated area of Pakistan Production Constrains Land Utilization Agri. Potential in rain-fed areas Water management in Rain-fed area Rainwater Harvesting Energy Use? on the Farms Hydroponics
Enrollment Faculty Undergrad. = 4028 Postgraduate = 4212 Total = 8240 Full Time = 230 Visiting = 194 Total = 424 Ph.D (Full Time) = 131 QS Ranking 152 nd in World among Agriculture & Forest Universities
Indus Tarbela Jhelum NWFP CRBC Kabul Chashma C-J Mangla Chenab Ravi Sutlej T-P Balochistan Canals Legend Sindh Barrages Punjab Barrages Reservoirs Major Rivers Rim Stations: Indus @ Tarbela Kabul @ Nowshera Jhelum @ Mangla Chenab @ Marala 8 8
Traditional Flood Irrigation WHEAT FOUR ROW WHEAT BED PLANTER Bed-Furrow Irrigation Multi-crop Bed Planter
FLEXIBLE GATED PIPE IRRIGATION SYSTEM Benefits Low initial cost Little labor requirement Negligible operation and maintenance expense Easy portability Impact Extent (%) Saving in water /energy consumption 25 to 30 Reduction in irrigation labor 40 Increase in crop production 10
PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS Cropping Intensity in irrigated areas: increasing trend: 200% Low average yield in Rain-fed area as a big constraint
Crop Ordinary Farmer Yield (Mds/Acre) Progressive Farmers Difference Wheat 25 55 120 % Rice 32 40 25 % Cotton 17 35 106 % Sugarcane 480 1200 150 %
YIELD GAP ISSUES Delayed Sowing (Requires 2 3 Weeks for seed bed preparation in wheat) Conventional Planting Practice (Broadcasting) Uneven Fields Inefficient use of Water and Energy Resources High Production Costs Lower Yields Uneconomical Farming
10000 230 225 230 9000 8000 220 210 200 190 POPULATION GROWTH 216.8 220 210 200 190 7000 180 170 178 180 170 PER CAPITA AVAILABILITY (M) 3 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 POPULATION ( MILLIONS) 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 AFTER MANGLA AFTER TREATY BEFORE TREATY INDEPENDENCE 5650 m3 (1951) AFTER TARBELA 106 1700 m 3 1992 138 104 WATER SHORT COUNTRY 1350 m3 2002 1000 m3 2012 98.6 885 m3 2020 1951 1961 1972 1981 1992 2002 2012 2020 2025 CANAL DIVERSIONS (MAF) 550 m3 2025 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 POPULATION ( MILLIONS) YEARS
PAKISTAN S LAND RESOURCES AND UTILIZATION Land Resources Area (mha) % of total area Total Geographic 79.60 100 area Forest area 2.92 3.67 Not available for 23.62 29.66 cultivation Culturable Area 31.26 39.25 Culturable waste 15.19 19.08 (Waste and fallow) Cultivated area 14.85 20.17
Rainfed Areas of Punjab Province Area (Million Hectares) 3,1 Districts: Attock Rawalpindi Jhelum Chakwal 8,7 Total Cultivated Area Rainfed Irrigated 11.8 m ha Parts of: Sialkot Narowal Gujrat Khushab Mianwali Jhang Bhakkar Layyah D.G.Khan Rajanpur 17
Rainfall in Rainfed Areas > 1000mm Murree, Kotli Sattian Tehsils 500 to 1000mm Rawalpindi, Jhelum, Gujrat, Sialkot, Narowal 300 500mm Attock, Chakwal, Khushab 150 300mm Mianwali, Jhang, Bhakkar, Layyah, M Garh, DGKhan 18
Rainfall Pattern at Chakwal (11 Years month wise) Rainfall (mm) 250 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 200 Moon soon period 150 100 Dry Period 50 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 19
Size of farms in Punjab rain fed tract 60 50 52,8 FARM NUMBER (%) AREA (%) 40 Percent 30 29,8 24,7 20 19,1 17,5 20,6 15,8 10 7,7 7,1 0 2 2,6 0,3 LESS THAN 1 01 05 06 10 11 20 21 60 OVER 60 Farm Size (Hectares)
Agriculture potential in Rain fed area A. Major crops B. Orchard crops
Contribution of Punjab rain fed tract Major Crops Punjab Area (000 Ha) Barani Area (000 Ha) Barani Area Contribution (%) Wheat 6483.4 652.4 10.1 Chickpea 900.1 818.5 90.9 Lentil 20.7 16.2 78.3 Rapeseed & mustard 127.6 32.3 25.3 Groundnut 81.8 76.3 93.3 Mung 189.3 8.5 4.5 Mash 30.4 26.3 86.5 Sorghum 147.1 86.3 58.7 Pearl millets 361.8 143.8 40.0
Orchard crop of the Rain-fed areas (Pothwar or pre-mountain)
4 5 SEEDED PODS OF BARI Groundnut 2011 24
25
26
Loquat Selection (Kanhati Garden) Selection 1 Selection 2 Selection 3 27
Strawberry (Schandler Var.) 28
PEACHES 29
PEACHES 30
35
CITRUS IN POTHWAR AREA
Million of wild olive trees available on farmlands Grafting of imported species resulted in fruiting
Black ball var 38
Major Issues of Rain fed Area: Water management Water erosion: Resulting in degradation of natural resources????? Moisture stress: Erratic distribution, high variability of rainfall, wastage through runoff?????? Low water productivity: Inefficient use of water?????? (Yield per unit of water) Unavailability of improved seed: Non existence of public/private seed companies Low nutrient use: Resource poor farmers Small and fragmented land holdings
RAINWATER HARVESTING 1. Common Practices: ABAD & Irrigation Dept. 2. Farm rain water harvesting 3. Campus rain water harvesting
Das Bild kann zurzeit nicht angezeigt werden. Water saving technique: micro-catchment rainwater harvesting (olive) Parameters Micro catchment Flood irrigation Area per plant (m 2 ) 37 37 Land slope (%) 5 0 Annual rainfall (mm) 630 630 No. of supplement irrigations 3 6 Water applied through supplement irrigation (mm) 24 69 Water saving over flood irrigation (%) 65 Cost of water /plant (Rs) 15 44
Efficient rainwater harvest in orchards CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE
Das Bild kann zurzeit nicht angezeigt werden.
Solar panels used for water pumping Pumping capacity 21 liters water per second Works for 12 to 14 hours free of cost
HYDROPONIC VEGETABLES PRODUCTION FACILITY AT PMAS-AAUR
200-250 Tons per Acre
STRAWBERRY TOMATOES
Value Addition is the Big Constraint