International WS on Construction of Low-Carbon Society Using Superconducting and Cryogenic Technology March 7-9,2016 Cosmo Square Hotel 6 Congress, Osaka Japan Development of Advanced Superconducting Power Conditioning System to Utilize Renewable Energy Effectively T. Hamajima (Mayekawa MFG) M. Tsuda, D. Miyagi (Tohoku U.) Y. Makida, T. Shintomi (KEK) T. Takao, T. Yagai (Sophia U.) K. Iwaki (Iwatani Co.) N. Hirano (Chubu Electric Power Co.) M. Tomita (RTRI) K. Hanada (H. I. T.) This research has been supported in part by JST-ALCA in Japan.
Contents 1. Introduction: 2. Advanced Superconducting Power Conditioning System (ASPCS): Concept of ASPCS Scale of ASPCS 3. Small-scale ASPCS: SMES coil and Thermo-siphon Experimental Results 4. Conclusion
1. INTRODUCTION
Global temperature increase and concentration of CO2 In Japan, 25% CO2 reduction by FY2030 300 Mtons Large oil farms Industrial revolution Sources: "Americans' Problem With Global Warming by Richard P. Horwitz It is urgent issue to reduce the global CO2. More renewable energy should be used.
Global Renewable Energy - Installed Capacity - Wind Farm PV Farm REN21. 2015. Renewables 2015, Global Status Report Recently, the capacity of PVF increases rapidly. The capacity of PVF becomes about a half larger than that of WF.
Characteristics of renewable energy Advantage: Clean, Environmentally friendly, inexhaustible, universal Drawback: Low energy density Rapidly fluctuating power depending on weather (PC may not work well under 40 % of the voltage during more than 50 ms. : Report by Japan Electric Engineers' Association) Solution: Storage systems are needed to absorb the fluctuating power Quick response and high efficiency: Superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) Large capacity and high energy density : Hydrogen system
2. ADVANCED SUPERCONDUCTING POWER CONDITIONING SYSTEM (ASPCS)
How to use renewable energy effectively Resolution of renewable power 1Average component of fluctuating power 2Rapid changing component 3Directly transmitted component to grid How to resolve? 1 Average trend part: Prediction is developed. Wind power waveform Wind power waveform:pw Trend prediction:ps Controlled output:pd 2 Rapid part: SMES absorbs and discharges energy. 3 Difference between average and controlled output: Hydrogen is produced through electrolyte and power is produced through FC 1 FC Output (average) 2 SMES Output (fluctuating part) 3Wind power to grid (direct tranmitted) Time (x 10 s)
Concept of Advanced Superconducting Power Conditioning System (ASPCS) 6 6 5 5 Power [MW] 4 3 2 1 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Time [x10s] SMES System Renewable Energy Thermo-siphon LH 2 Tank Vacuum vessel BUS Controller (Prediction control system) Hybrid Storage System EL Commercial Utility Grid Hydrogen System Power [MW] 4 3 2 1 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Time [x10s] O 2 H 2 SMES FC LH2 Station for vehicle Dispenser HEX LH 2 Storage Comp. LH 2 Lorry Hydrogen Electricity Signal
Simulation of power balance by using Kalman filter algorithm P SM = P wind P pred P EL = P out P pred, P FC = P pred P out enlargement SMES: Many repeating cycles Little cumulative energy FC-EL Hydrogen system Large storage capacity Small fluctuating power Direct power to gird Preferable as large as possible
Electric Efficiency η T E = ( 1 η ) E E SM = ELFC E / = eff E EL E SM η EL wind E eff : Effective Energy E wind : Total Wind Energy SMES Energy Loss η SM EL-H2-FC Energy Loss FC η SM =0.95x0.95=0.9 E η ELFC =0.8x0.4=0.32 FC Efficiency 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 80 % 0 Effective Energy 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 E E ELFC ELFC > 0 : < 0 : E E eff eff = = E E out out E E SM SM + E E ELFC ELFC /( η EL η FC ) Constant Output Power Pout [MW] Electric efficiency is more than 80 %.
SMES Capacity 600 Input or Output SMES Energy 500 400 E SM = P P dt wind pred 300 200 100 Average I/O energy: 5.1 MJ Number of I/O cycle:1,780 Average I/O power: 0.13 MW Covariance of energy σ: 10 MJ ±3σ = 60 MJ 0-80 -60-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 SMES I/O Capacity [MJ] I/O of small energy are frequent. I/O power is less than 1 MW. The value ±3σ, 99.7 % of SMES I/O energy, is 60 MJ.
Design of 50 MJ SMES system LH 2 reservoir Four-pole coil Cryostat 4-pole solenoids(10 MJ x 4) H = 0.52 m, D = 1.9 m / Unit coil MgB 2 conductor I op = 2 ka, B max = 5 T LH 2 thermo-siphon cooling system P P 13
Floor plan of ASPCS 60m H 2 =20 knm 3 (5x15x3) Power supply, service yard, etc (5 x 35 m) EL (11x3x6) FC(11x3x6 ) Fringe field 5 G D=6 m SMES D=4m LH2 Tank Lorry 35m EL & FC & SMES エリア (25x25x6) Power conditioning room (Transformer, converter, switch gear, etc) (10x25x5 m) ASPCS Dispenser Liquid Hydrogen station (35x35 m) Renewable energy PV farm: PV-2.5 MW : 150 m x 150m WT farm: WT-1MW : D60m x HH60m WT-1.5MW : D80m x HH80m Ancillary(PCS, transformer, etc): 10m x 5 m
Bird s eye view of ASPCS ASPCS Electrolyzer Power Conditioning System 60 m Fuel Cell Hydrogen Storage SMES and Cryostat Liquid Hydrogen Station LH 2 Tank Service Area 35 m
3. SMALL SCALE ASPCS
Objectives of Small ASPCS 1. Demonstration of the concept of the hybrid storage system in the ASPCS. SMES operation Hydrogen system operation 2. Development of the liquid hydrogen cooling system of the SMES coil. Thermo-siphon cooling system Keep the system safe against the flammable gas
1 kw-class Small ASPCS
Main parameters of SMES Coil configuration Single solenoid Winding 8 Double pancakes Dimension of the coil 100 ID x 194 OD x 81 H Stored Energy 10 kj @ 200 A, 20 K B at center, B max 3.3 T, 1.6 T Superconductor DI-BSCCO-HTi-SS (SEI) SMES Coil
Assembled SMES Coil BISCCO-SMES coil
Assembly of Thermo-siphon Cooling System LH2 tank(7l) Conduction cooled current lead Thermosiphon pipe Al-Cu heat exchanger BISCCO-SMES coil 21
Liquid Hydrogen Test Site at R&D Center of IWATANI Co.
Initial Cool-down & Charging LH2 thermo-siphon cooling system successfully cooled down the SMES coil for 8 hours.
Construction of Hydrogen System Electrical Circuit of the ASPCS
Compensation Results of PV Power SMES 入出力波形
Details of Output Power The output power is successfully controlled by hybrid storage system.
Details of SMES Operation SMES works well to keep the bus voltage constant.
4. CONCLUSION
Conclusion It is demonstrated that the ASPCS is effective for compensation of renewable energy such as wind and solar power. Therefore, more renewable energy can be directly connected to the power grid without instability. The SMES coil was successfully cooled down by liquid hydrogen through thermo-siphon system to obtain the reasonable running cost and to keep the system safety against flammable gas.