Ocean +50 Ocean Industry Projections and the Future of the Ocean Economy AQUACULTURE Patrick Sorgeloos & Arne Fredheim
Aquatic Products - Seafood
Seafood sources million tonnes live weight 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013
Seafood sources million tonnes live weight 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013
data FAO, 2013 150 billion US $ industry
FOOD versus BUSINESS aquaculture FOOD aquaculture Asia, esp. China - long history - large production - integrated farming
FOOD versus BUSINESS aquaculture FOOD aquaculture BUSINESS aquaculture Asia, esp. China - long history - large production - integrated farming Recent developments (since 1960s) Japan, later Europe, America s, etc successful new industry monoculture
BUSINESS aquaculture biology technology profitability monoculture approach
Global production 2011 (million tonnes) seawater freshwater The global seafood production 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Wild capture fisheries Aquaculture Ocean Brackish water Inland /fresh water Source: FAO FishstatJ SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture 11
red and brown algae farming in China seaweed farming: 21 million ton / year
mussel farming scallop farming mollusc farming: 14 million ton / year
Global production 2011 (million tonnes) Global production 2011 (million tonnes) Fish Seaweed and molluscs Global top producers 2012 Marine aquaculture fish The global fish and seafood production 100 90 80 30 25 70 60 20 50 40 30 15 10 Norway China Chile 20 10 0 Wild capture fisheries Aquaculture Ocean Brackish water Inland /fresh water Source: FAO FishstatJ 5 0 Japan UK Others 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Production (mill tonnes) SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture 14
Atlantic salmon farming in Norway The largest/best production sites 15 000 metric tonnes salmon per cycle 10 16 cages Ø 50 meter 40,000 m 3 volume per cage and max. 200 000 fish per cage 1 000-1 500 metric tonnes/man year Exposed but not offshore/open ocean Photo: SINTEF ACE
Cage systems
Population growth puts pressure on food resources Global population growth is leading to increased demand for food (+70% by 2050) and pressure on natural food resources. Animal livestock alone will not be capable to meet the need of 70% more proteins, due to its highly negative ecoprint. Terrestrial farming will need 30% more land to meet increased demand. By 2030, a lack of fresh water for agriculture is likely. (source: FAO) Source: SINTEF 18
Food gap challenge towards 2050 69% Increase in food production required* due to change in diets and population growth * World Resources Institute (2014) Creating a Sustainable Food Future
proteins quantity Global primary production and food supply total bioproduction contribution to food supply terrestrial plants & animals aquatic fisheries & aquaculture plants & animals 16 % of proteins 2 % in quantity from Field et al. (1998) and Duarte et al. (2009)
FAO - Blue Growth Initiative EU - Blue Growth UNEP - Blue Economy China - Blue Silicon Valley Five-Year Plan for the Marine Economy
from an empiricial approach towards a knowledge-based bio-industry resulting in new concepts & products for a sustainable aquaculture
Can new technology make new areas available? Tension Leg Cage, SINTEF, Norway SUBflex Inc., Israel Submergible PolarCirkel, AKVA group, Norway Sea Station, Ocean Spar LLC, USA Sadco Shelf, Russia Aquapod, Ocean Farm technologies, USA SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
EXTRACTIVE aquaculture FED aquaculture nutrient recycling
COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS for food seaweed and molluscs
Integrated culture of fish, molluscs and seaweeds
integration of culture of different trophic levels MOLLUSCS MACROALGAE FINFISH
COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS for food 8 km
COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS for food and energy Energy generation (wind, wave, thermal) - )
New technological developments Mussel cultivation Tubes replacing long-lines Mechanization Deployment and harvesting of seaweed Transfer of technology from fishing industry Autoline SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
blue blue sector collaboration to increase innovation Technological development will play a major role in future expansion of the aquaculture industry (FAO) Transfer of knowledge, competence and solutions Operations in the wave zone Biological requirements and constrains Synergies in collaboration Reliability and operability Risk management and design Flexible construction SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture 31
Ocean Industries Ocean Science Marine mining Shipping Fisheries SUPER CLUSTER Offshore renewable energy Aquaculture and biological production www.ntnu.edu/amos Oil & gas in deeper water. and in Arctic areas Centre foautonomous Marine Operations and Systems - AMOS 32
Integrated operations Well known from oil and gas Being adopted by the salmon farming industry Remote operations and control Feeding and monitoring from onshore locations SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Aquaculture : the blue biotechnology of the future Photo: Ocean Farming
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