INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND HYDROGEN STORAGE IN PORTO SANTO Neven Duić Maria da Graça Carvalho Instituto Superior Técnico
OBJECTIVES To show a model optimising hydrogen storage integration with renewable energy sources To show a way to increase RES penetration To show a way for increasing security of energy supply for islands To show a path for sustainable development of islands
Isolation ISLANDS - PROBLEMS Small local markets Higher costs of energy, transport and communication No economies of scale Security of supply problems High strain on energy, water, waste, environment and social systems
ISLANDS ADVANTAGES Renewable sources better economic viability due to depending less on size and fuel handling infrastructure Usually good renewable resources Renewable energy appeal to high quality tourists
RESOURCES TECHNOLOGIES Solar panels COMMODITIES Heat Sustainable Community Porto Santo Hydrogen Solar Hydrogen Storage Cold Reforming Electrolysis Fuel cell Trigeneration Water Gas PV panels Electricity Desalination Wind Wind turbines Gasification Sea Wastewater treatment Waste Wastewater
H 2 RES MODEL RESOURCES TECHNOLOGIES COMMODITIES Sustainable Community Porto Santo Solar Hydrogen Storage PV panels Electrolysis Fuel cell Trigeneration Electricity Desalination Wind Wind turbines
H 2 RES MODEL Energy planning tool Small and medium power systems Higher penetration of renewables Integration of energy storage Electricity dump: desalination or other Need to use time series instead of usual approach (LDC, Weibull)
H 2 RES MODULES WIND LOAD SOLAR HYDRO STORAGE
H 2 RES WIND MODULE Hourly wind velocity data obtained Adjusted to the hub height Converted into hourly potential output v z = v 1 z 1.14 output, part of nominal power 12% 1% 8% 6% 4% 2% % 225kW 66kW average (111kW) 5 1 15 2 25 3 Example for VESTAS wind turbines, as installed on Porto Santo, Madeira, Portugal wind velocity, m/s
H 2 RES WIND MODULE wind velocity, m/s 25 2 15 1 5 wind [m/s] 1% output 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 hour output
H 2 RES SOLAR MODULE Hourly total radiation on horizontal surface obtained Adjusted to the inclined surface (RETSCREEN) Converted into hourly potential output by efficiency provided from supplier
4 35 H 2 RES LOAD MODULE Hourly load of power system obtained Limit to renewable intake Excess renewable rejected kw 3 25 2 15 1 5 4 8 12 16 2 hours load solar output wind output renewable output renewable limit renewable taken renewable excess
H 2 RES LOAD MODULE load, kw 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 4 6 8 hours
H 2 RES STORAGE MODULE FILLING Excess renewable taken to electrolyser If less than electrolyser capacity If hydrogen tank not full The rest rejected taken to desalination or other electricity dump
H 2 RES STORAGE MODULE H 2 USED During peak hours (various definition) fuel cell is turned on using hydrogen stored until tank is empty kw 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 4 8 12 16 2 hours load renewable limit to electrolyser H2 produced H2 retrieved fuel cell
H 2 RES MODEL Electricity delivered to power system kw 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Diesel fuel cell renewable taken 4 8 12 16 2 hours
PORTO SANTO Population: 5 in winter 2 in summer
PORTO SANTO Power system (2): 13.8 MW thermal + 1.1 MW wind 24.1 GWh thermal + 1.1 GWh wind 5.6 MW peak, 2 MW base, 2% growth
Scenaria 1. PEAK SHAVING SCENARIA 2. Wind as installed + solar Up to 3% renewable at any time can be taken by power system Excess to electrolyser Fuel cell for peak shaving, optimised at 1.8% of electricity delivered
PEAK SHAVING SCENARIA 3 25 2 wind solar electrolyser fuel cell storage vessel 3 25 2 kw 15 15 kwh 1 1 5 5
PEAK SHAVING SCENARIA 3 solar wind Diesel 3 excess ren. taken Diesel 3 desalination electrolyser ren. taken Diesel 3 fuel cell ren. taken Diesel 25 25 25 25 2 2 2 2 output [GW h] 15 1 output [GW h] 15 1 output [GW h] 15 1 output [GW h] 15 1 5 5 5 5 peak serving time 53% 62%
1% RENEWABLE SCENARIA Scenaria 1. 2. Wind + solar Up to 1% renewable at any time can be taken by power system Excess to electrolyser + desalination Fuel cell to cover load when no renewable available Optimised on no Diesel
1% RENEWABLE SCENARIA 3 25 2 wind solar electrolyser fuel cell storage vessel 3 2.5 2 MW 15 1.5 GWh 1 1 5.5
1% RENEWABLE SCENARIA 7 solar output w ind output Diesel 7 excess ren. taken Diesel 7 desalination electrolyser ren. taken Diesel 7 fuel cell ren. taken Diesel 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 output [GW h] 4 3 output [GW h] 4 3 output [GW h] 4 3 output [GW h] 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 fuel cell serving time 37% 41%
H 2 RES CONCLUSIONS kw 3 25 2 15 1 wind solar electrolyser fuel cell storage vessel 3 25 2 15 1 kwh MW 3 25 2 15 1 wind solar electrolyser fuel cell storage vessel 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 GWh 5 5 5.5 For peak shaving wind&solar takes smaller storage and electrolyser For 1% renewable better wind only
CONCLUSIONS A model for optimising integration of hydrogen storage with intermittent renewable energy sources (wind and solar) was devised Storage module can work with batteries or pump storage The model was applied to Porto Santo The results were intriguing
PORTO SANTO Madeira, Portugal