Remote Sensing, Ecosystem Services and Spatial Planning at Yellow River Delta Lessons learnt from DELIGHT

Remote Sensing, Ecosystem Services and Spatial Planning at Yellow River Delta Lessons learnt from DELIGHT Dr. Claudia KUENZER, Juliane HUTH German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), 09.07.2014 Vortrag > Autor > Dokumentname > Datum

1. DELTAS UNDER CHANGE 2. DELIGHT PROJECT Slide 2

DELTAS UNDER CHANGE Slide 3

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Selected River Deltas Globally East China Sea South China Sea THE most densely populated areas on Earth

Characteristics and Advantages of River Deltas Productive arable land Marine and river resources for protein food security Often onshore and offshore oil and gas A flat topography, eases settlement Ice free harbours Sweet water availability from river and aquifers Rich biodiversity, Eco-tourism KUENZER C. and RENAUD, F. 2012: Climate Change and Environmental Change in River Deltas Globally. In (eds.): Renaud, F. and C. Kuenzer 2012: The Mekong Delta System - Interdisciplinary Analyses of a River Delta, Springer, ISBN: 978-94-007-3961-1, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-3962-8, pp. 7-48

Ecosystem Services of River Deltas as the YRD Provisioning services: Freshwater supply Fisheries Supporting services: Carbon sequestration Soil formation Regulating services: Flood and drought regulation Water purification Cultural services: Recreational value

Population Density in Chinese Deltas Population Density within and outside of a 10 meter low elevation coastal zone (LECZ) in the year 2000. Source: CIESIN Centre for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University

Urbanization causing Change Waste water-, and solid substance pollution Loss of natural wetland areas (filters / buffers) Heavy structures, ground water pumping, drilling of oil and gas: land subsidence (increased flood danger) Upstream dams depleting the supply of sediments to many deltas: coastal erosion Yellow Rhine Tokyo Slide 10

Agricultural Intensification causing Change Increased application of fertilizer, pesticides, antibiotics Shift towards most profitable monoculture crops (e.g. cotton) decreasing biodiversity Intensification of aquaculture close to coast, leading to depletion of protective zones (mangroves, forest) Danube Mekong Yellow Slide 11

Climate Change Impacts in River Deltas (SLR) Source: IPCC 2007

Delta Urbanization & Transformation: Drivers of Risk Land Delta Land-Ocean Transition Zone Ocean migration of the population river salinized areas water pollution groundwater pumping industrial pollution pollution urban sprawl heat island effects water logged areas need for protective dykes increased flood danger increased danger of storm surges & landfall sea level rise up to 50 cm till 2050 algal blooms decreasing harvest due to limited salt tolerance (e.g. rice, corn) land subsidence due to groundwater pumping & compaction salt water intrusion into aquifers

DELIGHT PROJECT Slide 14

DELIGHT PROJECT Slide 15

Yellow River Delta: Location Closest City: Dongying Near Shengli Oilfield (2nd largest in China) Shandong Province

Yellow River Delta: Dongying City Inhabitants: 1.8 million Established in 1983 as a base for developing Shengli oilfield

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DELIGHT Partners, Submitted Long Proposal 03/2011

DELIGHT Project: Yellow River Delta System WP 1000: Project Management and Coordination WP 2000: Assessment of environmental dynamics WP 3000: Water Quality and Pollution threats DELIGHT Yellow River Delta Information System WP 7000: Information system Development Plan for the Yellow River Delta WP 4000: Hydro- and Morphodynamics, Ground Water and Flood Hazard WP 6000: Capacity Development WP 5000: Trends and Risks of Urbanization

DELIGHT Kick Off, 10.05.2013, IGSNRR, Beijing

Changes and Transformation of the Yellow River Delta 1976-2010 Landsat MSS 1976 / 06 / 02 Landsat TM 2010 / 09 / 11

Exploiting 30 Year of Landsat Time Series 1976-2013

Yellow River Delta Land Gain and Land Loss Legend Erosion Yellow & Accretion Delta YellowRiver River Delta 1976 1984 1995 1984 1976 1995-1995 1984 2010 2010

Yellow River Delta Land Gain and Land Loss

Yellow River Delta Oil Pumps

Yellow River Delta Oil Pumps Oil Pumps 1995 Oil Pumps 2010 New Oil Pumps (1995 2010)

Oil Pump Development in the Nature Reserves 700 Experimental Zone Buffer Zone Core Zone 600 500 Monitoring Compliance 400 300 200 100 0 1995 2000 2004 2010 2013 500 600 Experimental Zone Buffer Zone Core Zone 400 300 200 100 0 Slide 34 1995 2000 2004 2010 2013

Land Surface Dynamics in the YRD, 2004 2010 Diploma Thesis: Marco Ottinger

Directional Patterns of Urbanization: towards the Coast Diploma Thesis: Marco Ottinger Slide 6

Yellow River Delta Aquaculture Expansion 1995-2010 1995 2004 2010 Diploma Thesis: Marco Ottinger

Trends of Urbanization Analyses of planning system and modelling future development Partner plan + risk consult & Dongying Urban Planning Bureau

Hydro- and Morphodynamics, Ground Water and Flood Hazard Partner Franzius Institute of University Hannover & Hydromod

Water Quality and Pollution Threats Modelling hydrology e.g. velocity distribution in river mouth on Oct.13, 2013 Partner Hydromod Service GmbH

Water Quality and Pollution Threats Total suspended matter in Bohai Sea, derived from remote sensing data, monthly mean from April 2009 Partner Brockmann Consult & IRSA

DELIGHT Information System to support planning Users and Decision Makers E-Gov Yellow River Delta Conservancy Center of Dongying Municipality Yellow River Delta Natural Reserve E-Government Center of Dongying Municipality Data Visualization Decision Support Data Search Data Analysis processing storage WP7000: Information System ECO High-effect Eco-agriculture Demonstration Area Commission IT-Specialists WP 2000 WP 3000 WP 4000 WP 5000 WP 6000 Interdisciplinary Research

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