Energy Systems a balance act Linköping Sweden dag.henning@optensys.se 12-05-31 www.optensys.se
Outline District heating resources Swedish district heating Changing heat demand District-heating development Benefits of district heating
offers energy consultancy services, primarily: Analyses of electricity and district-heating supply Surveys of energy demand and resources Municipal energy issues Sustainable energy scenarios Energy supply analyses interplay between energy supply and energy conservation Energy demand Energy conservation
Energy supply and use in Europe Losses by energy conversion, mainly electricity generation Heat demand ECOHEATCOOL
District heating sources Heat market Biomass fuels District heating network Energy from waste Electricity Solar, geothermal www.optensys.se Combined Heat and Power CHP Industrial Surplus Heat Surplus heat from automotive biofuel production Heat pumps Fossil fuels for peak load 5 www.svenskfjarrvarme.se
District Heating in Sweden 9 million inhabitants 50 TWh district heating 50 % of total heat market 650 urban areas have district heating District heating in every municipality with more than 10 000 inhabitants
District heating supply Common plant types and energy flows for a local Swedish utility Gas Waste CHP Combined heat and power production CHP Electricity grid Heat pump DH network Electricity market Heat demand Wood Oil Heat-only boilers Industrial waste heat DH system in Göteborg (Gothenburg)
Condensing power plants and Combined Heat and Power plants 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Losses Utilised heat Electricity 10 0 Fuel Coal Condensing power plant CHP plant
Fuels etc. for District Heating in Sweden 1980-2007 and CO 2 emissions TWh 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Fossil CO 2 CO 2 (kg/mwh) 350 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Wood Others Surplus heat Waste Peat Heat pumps El.boilers Coal Natural gas Oil
District heating production 300 250 200 150 100 50 GWh Oil Oljepannor Biobränslepannor Biomass Värmepumpar Heat pumps Fossil CHP Fossil kraftvärme Biobränslekraftvärme Bio CHP Waste / surplus Spillvärme heat 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 MonthMånad A Swedish example
Marginal cost for district heating production 400 SEK/MWh 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month example
Cash flow for new DH system 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Year Investment Operation Revenue Accumulated net cash flow 12th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling, Tallinn, Estonia, 7 Sept 2010
The district heating value chain District heating company
Low-energy houses Thick insulation Windows of high standard Ventilation with heat recovery Solar heating Higher investment cost Lower operation cost Lower energy use
GWh 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Space heating Uppvärmning Tappvarmvatten m m Hot tap water etc 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 År Climate change
1 S 1950 7.1 ha 1 kwh/m 2 of land and year 4 5-7 8-9 10-13 23-28 4 S 1970 6.4 ha 5 S 1950 10 ha 2 S before 1940 14 ha 13 I before 1940 50 ha 6 V 1970 13 ha K ö p m a n h o lm e n 3 M 1950 6.3 ha 12 S 1950 12 ha Heat load density 1-19 District number S Single-family houses M Multi-family houses I Industry V Service 1950 etc Average erection year 12 ha etc Size in hectares 16 M 1950 1.5 ha Köpmanholmen 8 S before 1940 11 ha 14 S before 1940 10 ha 15 S before 1940 12 ha 17 S 1950 14 ha 9 S 1970 12 ha 10 S 1950 12 ha 7 M 1990 2 ha 18 S 1950 16 ha 11 S before 1940 5.3 ha Indelning grundad på workshop 061003, byggnadernas nybyggnadsår, användning 19 I 1985 10 ha Köpmanholmen Ulf Ranhagen
Enable DH use in areas with low heat demand Use district heating for new purposes -Dish washers - Washing machines - Tumble dryers - Industry - Cooling Solar electricity rather than solar heat Fair competition with individual gas and electricity use: regulations, prices, etc
Switching from electric heating to district heating from a CHP plant Other electricity production CHP plant reduces electricity demand increases electricity production Electricity demand District heating network Switching
Cooling with heat Heat supply e.g. waste incineration District heating network optional Absorption Cooling machine District cooling network optional Cooling demand Reduces electricity consumption Increases heat demand during summer and electricity generation in CHP plants
Possible future production of district heating, electricity, steam, cooling and biofuel Biomass CHP plant Steam Electricity Industry Bio fuel Waste Boiler District heating Households Industry Waste heat Absorption cooling Cooling Pre- mises
Estimated local renewable fuel resources GWh/year 400 400 Forest branches etc. Straw Waste 300 200 100 0-100 -200-300 Niš city region in Serbia Rest of Nišavski district -400 1200 Now Now GWh = gigawatthour = 1 million kilowatthours (kwh) Utilise present coppice and devastated forest areas etc Waste quantities increase to Czech level
Possible development of district-heating production in Niš, Serbia GWh/year 600 Heat Heat 500 500 400 300 200 100 0 100 100 Electricity 2010 y y y 2015 2020 2025 Case Reference Small bio Large bio Waste CHP 2 CHP El from biomass El from waste Heat from waste Heat from biomass CHP Heat from biomass boiler Heat from gas boilers El = electricity Bio = biomass fuel GWh = gigawatthour = 1 million kilowatthours (kwh) CHP = Combined heat and power (plant or production)
Benefits of renewable CHP Low fuel demand in CHP plants due to high efficiency Wood fuel use initiates local biomass industry and promotes local business Using waste fuel reduces landfilling of waste Utilisation of local renewable energy resources means higher security of energy supply and reduces CO 2 emissions
Influencing energy demand Energy conservation reduces energy demand Load management reduces capacity demand Energy carrier switching e g from electricity to fuel or district heating
70 Heat demand MW Production of district heating, electricity, steam and cooling 60 50 Cold winter days Oil-fired boilers 40 30 20 10 Wood-fired Heat-only boiler Wood-fired Combined Heat and Power plant Steam supply to industry Absorption cooling 0 Waste incineration / surplus heat from industries for hot tap water and industries 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 h winter vinter spring vår och & höst autumn sommar summer
District heating systems are valuable assets, which enable efficient resource utilisation. dag.henning@optensys.se mobile +46 70 536 59 22 www.optensys.se