WORKSHOP Non- Revenue Water (NRW) Reduc2on in Urban Water U2li2es Experiences and Challenges in the Mediterranean Region, Non- Revenue Water Management in Cyprus Bambos Charalambous Head Technical Services Water Board of Lemesos Lemesos, Cyprus (uncl October 2012) Managing Director Hydrocontrol Ltd Lemesos, Cyprus
Water Management in Cyprus 2
Recent Water SituaCon in Cyprus Gradual change in the climate Substantial decrease in annual rainfall >20% Reduction in the runoff into the reservoirs > 40% Periods of low rainfall are becoming more frequent Demand is continuously increasing Frequent periods of low or no rainfall :1991-92,1997-2000, 2008-09 Government forced to apply water restriction measures o Drastic water cuts in irrigation o Severe restrictions to domestic water supply Add Water to the National Balance: o Construction of Desalination plants: 60Mm 3 (75% of total potable needs) o Use of treated effluent in agriculture: 10Mm 3 (5% of total irrigation needs) Need for water conservation and leakage management 3
Lifeline from Athens to Lemesos in August 2008: 35.000 m 3 /day 4
NRW Management Is a concnuous accvity Is an integral part of distribucon network management Is based on a long term strategy Is cost effeccve especially in water scarce areas HOWEVER ITS SUCCESS DEPENDS: On commitment and dedicacon at all levels AdopCon of appropriate methodologies and technologies Use of appropriate and reliable indicators for benchmarking, such as : litres/service conneccon /day and ILI 5
Key Performance Indicators Water Board of Nicosia YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day 2007 19.5 2.9 137 2011 23.0 4.3 203 Water Board of Larnaca YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day 2007 23.0 2.5 131 2011 27.6 3.3 168 Water Board of Lemesos YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day 2007 16.7 1.8 91 2011 23.0 2.8 143 6
Network Design and Development 7
Major Network Developments Water Board of Lemesos 1986-1990 Major expansion of storage and supply network Establishment of pressure zones and DMA Installation of SCADA system 1991-1993 Pressure reduction study Installation of PRVs in 8 out of 27 DMAs 1994-1995 Digitization of all maps of the water distribution system 1997-1998 Review of the leakage control activities by external consultant Recommendations for the establishment of a leakage management policy 1999 - to date DMA re-design and pressure management Use of advanced technology in DMA monitoring and leak detection Adoption of IWA WLTF best practice approach to NRW management Source: WBL 8
Key ConsideraCons DMA categories Small : <1000 properties Medium : 1000 3000 properties Large : 3000 5000 properties Factors considered in DMA design Minimum variation in ground level Single entry point into the DMA Well defined DMA boundaries Area meters correctly sized and located Apply pressure management Source: WBL Continuous monitoring 9
Typical DMA Inlet Chamber Source: WBL 10
Monitoring and Data Transfer Dedicated Computer in Control Room Data Communication E-mails / sms sent from each DMA Alarms sent to Operator s mobile phone for: o High/Low pressure o High MNF o No flow o Low battery status WWW PSTN and GSM Network PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS IN DMAs 11
Pressure Management Reduction in: surges and excess pressures burst rates and background leakage, cut repair costs flow rates of all leaks some components of consumption 12
Pipeline and Asset Management High quality materials / Proper installacon High standard of maintenance Pipeline replacement using a decision support system 13
Accurate and Comprehensive Metering the first step in establishing how much water is produced and/or being used 14
NRW AcCviCes 15
Annual Water Balance (m 3 ) ( Top - Down ) Reaching the point of Accountability 16
Commercial Losses ( Apparent losses) All customers are metered Water theft o Theft from hydrants o Meter by-passes o Tampering with meters Meter under- registration o Improve meter accuracy o Volumetric meters o Certified meter test bench Meter reading errors o Hand-held devices o Change meter readers routes o Check zero/low consumption Accounting errors o Billing software o Threshold alarms Commercial Losses = Loss of Revenue (valued at retail billing rates) Source: Rizzo and Cilia, 2005 17
Physical Losses (Real Losses) 18
Speed and Quality of Repairs Number of Pipes Repaired Response Repair Time 712 (34%) Next day (13.5%) 1.169 (55%) Same day (85%) Next two days (1.5%) 19
AcCve Leakage Control 20
Pressure Management DMA (Sector 2) AZNP (m) Actual MNF (m³/hr) Background losses(m³/hr) Locatable losses (m³/hr) before after before after before after before after 220 64 32 3,92 2,16 0,63 0,24 1,88 0,51 221 63 36 5,69 3,85 3,39 1,65 0,16 0,07 222 54 28 3,07 2,24 1,53 0,71 0,05 0,03 30 m 3 /hr 223 53 29 3,58 2,56 1,70 0,82 0,35 0,20 224 53 29 5,50 2,52 1,68 0,82 2,23 0,11 LEAKAGE REDUCTION 225 64 34 12,96 9,78 5,42 2,41 4,16 3,99 226 64 34 10,04 6,84 5,62 2,55 0,37 0,24 227 59 38 15,52 10,44 5,91 3,38 5,11 2,56 228 43 39 7,60 7,20 3,42 3,03 0,51 0,50 Annual 229 41 water 36 4,06 saving 3,73 1,13 = 220 0,96 000 2,01 1,85 m 3 230 47 40 21,80 18,00 5,57 4,60 9,37 6,54 231 52 42 11,01 7,92 4,63 or 3,54 170 2,17 000 0,18 232 39 32 5,17 4,32 1,32 1,05 2,21 1,63 233 42 33 4,45 3,96 1,48 1,10 1,48 1,37 234 48 38 3,55 2,44 0,32 0,23 2,26 1,24 Total before 117,92 43,75 34,32 Total after 87,96 27,09 21,02 21
Reduced Burst Frequency ( Reported Leaks) Description Number of bursts reported Reduction of leaks Before (7 months) After (7 months) Distribution mains 49 27 45% Communication pipes 296 178 40% ANNUAL COST SAVING IN PIPE Comparison BURST of Results REPAIRS 100 000 Location Pressure Reduction Overall reduction in burst incidents Cyprus (Water Board of Lemesos) Australia (A.Lambert) 32% 41% 40% 55% 22
Leakage Monitoring 23
DMA Flow and Pressure Monitoring 24
MNF Analysis PRIORITISE LEAKAGE ACTIVITIES BASED ON ESPB AND ON VALUE OF WATER SAVED 25
MNF Monitoring 26
Awareness (A)=2days Location (L)=8days Repair (R)=1day Leak LocaCon and Repair Loss of water=4200m 3 A L R Crack 7 mm wide on DN150mm AC pipe Awareness (A)=2days Location (L)=28days Repair (R)=2days Loss of water=7200 m3 A L R Three leaks were located and fixed. 27
TargeCng and Benchmarking 28
TargeCng and Benchmarking Goal Sefng IdenCfied areas to be improved PrioriCsed most effeccve accons Benchmarking (Process and Metric) Decided on Key Performance Indicators Checked and compared performance to other uclices 29
Non Revenue Water Financial PI basic (IWA Level 1, Fi 36) Drought Years Intermittent Supply Source: WBL 30
Litres / service conneccon / day OperaConal PI for Real Losses basic ( IWA Level 3, Op 24 ) Technical Performance Category: A pressurised system : average pressure 40 m (Developed Countries) Drought Years Intermittent Supply : <100 litres/connection/day Source: Liemberger,2005 Source: WBL 31
Infrastructure Leakage Index Operational PI for Real Losses Detailed (IWA Level 3, Op 25) Technical Performance Category: A (ILI 1-2: Excellent no specific intervention required) (Developed Countries) Source: Liemberger, 2005 Drought Years Intermittent Supply Source: WBL 32
Source: Seago, McKenzie, Liemberger, Halifax 2005 Total of 146 data from 31 countries DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES I L I Cyprus 33
Intermiient Water Supply 34
20 DMAs: 373Km: 45%total Description Number of reported breaks 2007 2010 %increase Mains 1/7,14km 1/2,38km 300 Service connections 15,5/1000 connections 29,7/1000 connections 200 35
TOP DOWN Effects of Intermiient Supply Significant increase in Total Leakage BOTTOM UP 36
Effects of Intermiient Supply System Input Volume Vs ConsumpCon Year System Input Volume (m 3 ) Customer Consumption (m 3 ) Total Difference Total Difference 2007 12.914.576 0 10.762.043 0 2008 10.655.626-2.258.950 9.776.466-985.577 2009 11.735.230-1.179.346 9.803.206-958.837 2010 14.568.052 1.653.476 10.634.710-127.333 37
Effects of Intermiient Supply System Input Volume Vs ConsumpCon Year System Input Volume Customer ConsumpCon 2007 Before IntermiSent Supply 0% (base line) 0% (base line) 2008 IntermiSent Supply - 17,5% - 9,2% 2009 IntermiSent Supply - 9,1% - 8,9% 2010 AXer IntermiSent Supply +12,8% - 1,2% 38
Cost of Intermiient Supply Cost to the Water Board of Lemesos for the 2 years (2008 2009) of Intermittent Supply: Loss of revenue: o Reduction in sales cost of water saved: 300.000 Additional operational expenses: o Staff overtime for opening / closing valves: 365.000 o Repairing additional reported breaks: 325.000 Additional cost after Continuous Supply was established: o Additional leakage (2010 2012): 1.700.000 o Estimated cost of locating leaks: 175.000 o Estimated cost of repairing leaks: 125.000 39
Thank you Bambos Charalambous Tel.:+35799612109 Email: bcharalambous@cytanet.com.cy hydrocontrol@cytanet.com.cy 40