Surface Treatments for Improved Performance and Properties

Surface Treatments for Improved Performance and Properties

SAGAMORE ARMY MATERIALS RESEARCH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Recent volumes in the series: 10th: Characterization of Materials in Research: Ceramics and Polymers list: Advances in Deformadon Processing llnd: Applicadon of Fracture Mechanics to Design 23rd: Nondestrucdve Evaluadon of Materials 24th: Risk and Failure Analysis for Improved Performance and Reliability 15th: Advances in Metal Processing Edited by John J. Burke, Robert Mehrabian, and Volker Weiss 26th: Surface Treatments for Improved Performance and Properties

Surface Treatments for Improved Performance and Properties Edited by John J. Burke Watertown, Massachusetts and Volker Weiss Syracuse, New York PLENUM PRESS NEW YORK AND LONDON

Main entry under title: Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Surface treatments for improved performance and properties. "Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference, held July 16-20, 1979, at the Sagamore Hotel, Bolton Landing, Lake George, New York" - Verso t.p. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Materials-Surfaces-Congresses. 2. Surface hardening-congresses. I. Burke, John J. II. Weiss, Volker, 1930- III. Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference (26th: 1979: Bolton Landing, N.Y.) TA418.7.S934 660.2'9453 ISBN 978-1-4684-4132-1 ISBN 978-1-4684-4130-7 (ebook) 001 10.1007/978-1-4684-4130-7 81-21144 AACR2 Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference, held July 16-20, 1979, at the Sagamore Hotel, Bolton Landing, Lake George, New York. 1982 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

SAGAMORE CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Chairman JOHN J. BURKE Co-Chairman VOLKER WEISS Secretary JOSEPH A. BERNIER Program Committee JOHN J. BURKE PETER FICALORA MERTON E. FLEMINGS Massachusetts Institute of Technology NICK GRANT Massachusetts Institute of Technology HERIBERT K. HERGLOTZ E. 1. DuPont de Nemours L. RAY HETTCHE Naval Research Laboratory HENRY A. JOHNSON Wright-Patterson Air Force Base MILTON LEVY GEORGE MAYER Army Research Office PHILLIP A. PARRISH Army Research Office L. M. SCHETKY International Copper Research VOLKER WEISS Conference Coordinator HELEN BROWN DEMASCIO

PREFACE The in cooperation with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together over 150 scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific community. These proceedings, entitled SURFACE TREATMENTS FOR IM PROVED PERFORMANCE AND PROPERTIES, address the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Surfaces, Emerging Surface Modification Techniques, Surface Structure and Mechanical Properties, and Relationships between Properties and Processing for Non-metric Materials. We wish to acknowledge the dedicated assistance of JoseDh M. Bernier of the and Helen Brown DeMascio of throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of this book. The continued active interest and support of these conferences by Dr. E. Wright, Director of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated. Syracuse, New York The Editors vii

CONTENTS SESSION I 1. Surface Modification for Improved Properties........ 3 P. A. Parrish SESSION II PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACES P. Ficalora, Moderator 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Characterization of Surfaces. H. K. Herglotz Reaction Kinetics J. B. Hudson Surfac e Treatments for Enhanced Bonding Between Inorganic Surfaces and Polymers.... F. M. Fowkes SESSION III PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACES (Continued) H. Herglotz, Moderator The Chemistry of Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement H. W. Liu and P. J. Ficalora Corrosion Principles and Surface Modification J. Kruger 19 51 75 87 93 7. High Temperature Corrosion of Surfaces and Protection Schemes..................... 109 F. S. Pettit ix

x CONTENTS SESSION IV EMERGING SURFACE MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES J. W. Johnson, Moderator 8. The Effect of Temperatures Developed During Sputter Ion Plating on the Microstructure and Microhardness of AISI 4340 Steel............... 133 R. F. \-lielonski, H. A. Beale, and 1. Ahmad SESSION V SURFACE STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES M. Levy, Moderator 9. Near Surface Modifications for Improved Crack Tolerant Behavior of High Strength Alloys: Trends and Prospects.. 143 L. R. Hettche and B. B. Rath 10. Fretting Corrosion and Fretting Fatigue... 173 D. J. Duquette SESSION VI RELATIONSHIPS BE~-lEEN PROPERTIES AND PROCESSING FOR NON-~mTRIC MATERIALS H. Johnson, Moderator 11. Relationship Between Surface Structure, Ceramic Processing and Mechanical Properties............ 189 J. J. Mecholsky, P. F. Becher, and S. W. Freiman Index... 217