Energy-efficient buildings in Germany - learnings and outlook Oliver Rosebrock, Sep 18, Dublin www.german-energy-solutions.de Faciliator
Who we are Technology and Innovation Network MNF UNIV.-PROF. DR.-ING. M. NORBERT FISCH Stuttgart Braunschweig Aachen Shanghai Bangkok Partner in Research + Science Steinbeis-TZ Stuttgart EGS-plan Stuttgart energydesign Braunschweig EGSplan Int. Bangkok Institut für Gebäudeund Solartechnik IGS TU Braunschweig Synavision RWTH Aachen TU Braunschweig renewable renewable energy energy applications integral integral energy energy concepts building building physics physics building services 18.09.2018 Page 2
Where we are from 253.000 624.000 553.000 Dublin Braunschweig 1.250 people / km² 2.855 people / km² 4.800 people / km² Stuttgart Germany 18.09.2018 Page 3
change [%] German National Energy Plan 100 Long term objectives 2050 80 electricity consump. 25 % 60 How? 40 RE + 60 % primary energy consump. 50 % 20 CO 2 - emission 80 % 0 1990 2020 2030 2040 2050 18.09.2018 Page 4
Energy-efficiency meet goals of the future Reduction of Integration of Renewable Energy 18.09.2018 Page 5
Reduction of building envelope box-type window insulating glass thermal-insulating glass 1931 1945 1959 1968 1973 triple-insulating glazing 1995 2000 expanded polystrene EFIS / ETICS External Insulation Finishing System heat insulation plaster glass wool sheets mineral fibre vacuum insulation 18.09.2018 Page 6
Reduction of building services coal stove oil /gas boiler pellets heat pump window HVAC with HR light bulb fluorescent lamp LED 18.09.2018 Page 7
Reduction of overview 1950-2010 1950 1970 1990 2010 Building construction external wall monolithic bricks hollow tiles, bricks, sand-lime brick hollow tiles; bricks, sand-lime bricks with ETICS hollow tiles, bricks, sand-lime bricks with ETICS External wall U-value 1,40 W/(m²K) 0,90 W/(m²K) 0,50 W/(m²K) 0,20 W/(m²K) Type of glazing double glazed window insulating glass heat insulating glass triple glazing Window U-value 5,00 W/(m²K) 2,80 W/(m²K) 1,30 W/(m²K) 0,80 W/(m²K) Heat production coal stove oil and gas boilers gas condensing boiler heat pump / photovoltaic Heat distribution decentral with outside air hot water central heating system hot water central heating system hot water central heating system / air heating 18.09.2018 Page 8
Development of energy (heating) source: Fraunhofer IBP, in 6. Energieforschungsprogramm der Bundesregierung, 2011 Gebäudeenergiebedarf nach EnEV (Wohnen) 18.09.2018 Page 9
Development of solar buildings 1970 2015 18.09.2018 Page 10
Development of solar buildings 1970 2015 German National Roadmap Energy efficient buildings and cities Goal: By 2020 all new buildings are nearly zero-energy buildings 18.09.2018 Page 11
Examples SFH renovation MFH new SFH new LichtAktivhaus, Hamburg Aktivhaus+, Aktivhaus+, Ffm-Riedberg Ffm-Riedberg AktivStadthaus, AktivStadthaus, Frankfurt Frankfurt Aktivhaus+, FFM-Riedberg MFH new Berghalde, Berghalde, Warmbronn Warmbronn Aktivhaus+, Ffm-Riedberg Frankfurt Frankfurt Neumarkt Neumarkt Leonberg Leonberg Neu-Ulm Neu-Ulm Konstanz Konstanz WGG, Neumarkt AktivStadthaus, Frankfurt WGG, Neumarkt Frankfurt Berghalde, Warmbronn Schmidtenbühl Schmidtenbühl Neumarkt Leonberg Neu-Ulm Konstanz EPA, Neu-Ulm WGG, EPA, Neu-Ulm Neumarkt 18.09.2018 Page 12
LichtAktiv Haus Hamburg (2010), SFH renovation renovated settler s house from 1950 s 172 m² useful, 132 m² living space Goals: Net-zero energy bulding high indoor comfort (air quality, daylight) renovated stock + new construction 18.09.2018 Page 13
production production production production production production final energy [kwh/m²a] LichtAktiv Haus Hamburg (2010), SFH renovation 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 E-car household building services PV 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 18.09.2018 Page 14
production production production production production production final energy [kwh/m²a] LichtAktiv Haus Hamburg (2010), SFH renovation 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 E-car household building services PV 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 18.09.2018 Page 15
production production production production production production final energy [kwh/m²a] LichtAktiv Haus Hamburg (2010), SFH renovation 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 E-car household building services PV Energy Plus achieved! Robust and easy supply system is a key factor! Monitoring as an instrument needed! 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 18.09.2018 Page 16
Berghalde, Leonberg (2010), SFH new building battery-storage photovoltaics heat pump e-mobil LED lighting household appliances Building Management System (BMS) 18.09.2018 Page 17
Berghalde, Leonberg (2010), SFH new building excellent building envelope openable windows mech. ventilation with heat recovery PV + heat pump concept for energy storage demand site management (DSM) 18.09.2018 Page 18
Berghalde, Leonberg (2010), SFH new building 18.09.2018 Page 19
PV-direct self use electricity supply grid energy quantity [kwh] EnergyPlus Berghalde, Leonberg (2010), SFH new building total solar (PV) energy gain Energy Plus achieved! With Monitoring optimization potentials discovered! total electricity 18.09.2018 Page 20
learnings single family houses EnergyPlus is achievable (Key role: PV + heat pump) Important: optimization reduction + energy production Robust energy supply more important than maximum theoretical efficiency Monitoring a needed system to check and optimize the systems 18.09.2018 Page 21
Speicherstraße, Frankfurt (2015), MFH new building 18.09.2018 Page 22
Speicherstraße, Frankfurt (2015), MFH new building appartment house 74 flats living area 6.500 m 2 80 kw P PV 250 kw P 250 kwh PV- power 330 kw p annual gain 300.000 kwh/a Energy payback time 7 8 years sewage 120 kw th heat pump grid 18.09.2018 Page 23
electrical energy [MWh] Speicherstraße, Frankfurt (2015), MFH new building 300 250 total pv-production PV-self use EnergyPlus 200 150 electricity supply grid 100 50 Energy Plus achieved! Sewage water is a senseful heat source! 0 More than 5 stories no Energy Plus Apr 16 Mai 16 Jun 16 Jul 16 Aug 16 Sep 16 Okt 16 Nov 16 Dez 16 Jan 17 Feb 17 Mrz 17 PV-direct self use 18.09.2018 Page 24
Riedberg, Frankfurt (2015), MFH new building 18.09.2018 Page 25
Riedberg, Frankfurt (2015), MFH new building source: hhs Planer + Architekten 18.09.2018 Page 26
Endenergie Strom [kwh/m²a] Riedberg, Frankfurt (2015), MFH new building 100 90 consumers PV 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 30.4 10 18.3 0 Energy Plus not achieved! export import grid higher demand + problems with supply system + low efficiency 10/16-09/17 18.09.2018 Page 27
learnings multi family houses EnergyPlus is achievable up to 5-6 stories (Key role: PV + heat pump) energy supply systems have to work properly for reaching EnergyPlus Monitoring needed for control of success and check of working facilities Importance of holistic design and planning 18.09.2018 Page 28
Outlook Smart grid industry Smart Homes Buildings as part of a smart grid Green City Tower district e-mobility Interaction with grid needed residential buildings Smart Buildings increase thermal storages CO 2 - neutral academy nonresidential buildings E-- Mobility demand site management Self-use of PV-electricity more importan than EnergyPlus 18.09.2018 Page 29
Optimization increase of self - supply Operation of all electricity-intensive appliances and units (heat pump) at the same time when power output from the PV is available Use of all available thermal storage (floor heating and buffer) Targeted operation of the heat pump Implementing enhanced control strategies to increase the running time of the heat pump. Increasing the temperature in the buffer Increase of surface and supply temperature of the floor heating increase of battery storage 18.09.2018 Page 30
Optimization increase of self - supply + + + buffer expansion Simulation combination Basis PV-control strategy 7 7 7 7 27 battery (7 kwh or 27 kwh) night temperature set back total power 11.227 kwh -2,4 % 0 % --2,4 % + +1,3% + 1,3% + +4,5% + 4,5% + 4,5% direct use of PV-output fraction on power 27 % 28 % 31 % 31 % 34 % 37 % 38 % 41 % 48 % 34 % 36 % 37 % 39 % 42 % 45% 45 % 48 % 54 % all storage applications grid power 7.420 kwh - - - 5,4% - 4,6% - 9,9% - 11,2% - 15,5-15,5% % - 13,3% 17,0 % -17,0% -28,0% 18.09.2018 Page 31
outlook next step districts retail Use of potentials giv consumers and prod (smart) single family house (smart) multi family house local renewable energy local storage systems cross-linked building functions e-mobility electromobility residential buildings non-residential buildings climate neutral city district 18.09.2018 Page 32
Thank you for your attention! Oliver Rosebrock, M. Sc. rosebrock@igs.tu-bs.de + 49 531 391 3598 www.german-energy-solutions.de 18.09.2018 Page 33