Comparative economic analysis of various types of biogas plant Profitability of small and medium biogas plants on the basis of slurry and maize silage in Germany 1. Description a) Results of medium-sized plants 2006-2014 (LWK Niedersachsen) b) Results of small biogas plants study(slurry only) 2014 (LAZ Baden Württemberg) 2. Analysis a) Specific substrate costs of (cow) slurry and maize silage b) Specific construction costs of (ideal) biogas plants c) Dimensions and masses d) Costs / Benefits (necessary feed-in tariffs) 3. Conclusion a) Efficient management with maize silage (electricity and heat) b) Efficient management with own slurry (refine before storage)
Result [ Ct / kwh ] Installied capacity [ kw el ] 1a. Medium Biogas Plant 1 Earnings development and growth of medium sized biogas plants (cohort 2004) 10 9 EEG 2004 EEG 2009 1.000 900 8 800 7 6 700 600 5 4 3 2 2,68 2,89 1,91 3,84 4,20 3,46 3,32 2,67 2,75 500 400 300 200 1 100 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ø - result + 25% - result - 25% - result Ø kw effective Capacity Ø kw installed capacity 0
Cost / Benefit [ Ct / kwh ] Net investment [ / 100 kw ] 1a. Medium Biogas Plant 2 Influence of the compensation system on the Ø - power and the investing activities(cohort 2004) 30 EEG 2004 EEG 2009 EEG 2012 EEG 2014 30.000 25 20 17,19 16,48 17,70 20,11 20,53 20,17 21,23 21,65 21,66 25.000 20.000 15 28.626 15.000 10 10.000 5 9.812 12.044 5.000 0-5 -10-6,68-6,56-7,83-7,03 5.223 86-10.073-5.646-7,29-7,00-7,22-7,72-8,71-9,90-9,72-8,50-9,26-9,11-9,00-9,20-9,08-9,19 0-5.000-10.000-15 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ø Result Ø Net investment / 100 kw Benefit Direct cost All other cost -15.000
1b. Small Biogas Plant (slurry) 1 Average share of different feedstocks to the total ration in 75 kw-plants (slurry based) pig slurry; 8,1% solid manure; 12,2% Other; 7,3% cow slurry; 72,3% grass silage; 2,1% maize silage; 4,1% grain WCS; 0,9% corn; 0,2% cow slurry pig slurry solid manure grass silage maize silage grain WCS corn Results from: Evaluation 75 kw-slurry systems, LAZ Baden Württemberg 2014 lecture Jörg Messner, State biogas advice on 11.25.2015 in Offenburg Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen
1b. Small Biogas Plant (slurry) 2 Evaluation 75 kw-manure plants: results after slurry share grouped Slurry share number Invest/kW substrate/a % Gas-KTBL % utilization Ø result > 80% - <= 85% 2 8.750 34.000 102,0% 96,0% 2,80 > 85% - <= 90% 9 6.550 29.000 102,0% 97,0% 4,55 > 90% - <= 95% 5 6.700 14.000 109,0% 95,0% 7,40 > 95% - <= 100% 8 7.350 1.500 108,0% 94,0% 8,88 Summe / Ø 24 7.031 17.125 105,5% 95,5% 6,44 Results from: Evaluation 75 kw-slurry systems, LAZ Baden Württemberg 2014 lecture Jörg Messner, State biogas advice on 11.25.2015 in Offenburg Bemerkungen: 1. Feed-in tariff 25 Ct / kwh 2. Minimum slurry mass fraction 80% 3. Evaluation type: Actual values calculated with uniform calculation sets (depreciation, interest, wages, etc.) 4. Investment difficult to define (Agriculture / Biogas - general contractor / builders model) 5. Gas yield uncertain as input materials and qualities are difficult to determine 6. Results agree well with model calculations of the LWK Niedersachsen!
2a. Specific substrate costs feed / t FS %ods m 3 CH % DS 4 m 3 CH 4 Ct / kwh Ct / kwh m 3 ferm. res. m 3 CH 4 per free plant / % DS / t ods per t FS at ηel 40% at ηel 36% per t FS ferm. res. grain 170,00 87,0% 97,0% 380 321 13,29 14,77 0,25 1.283 maize silage 40,00 35,0% 95,0% 340 113 8,87 9,86 0,76 149 grass silage 35,00 35,0% 90,0% 320 101 8,71 9,67 0,75 134 whole crop silage 35,00 35,0% 95,0% 330 110 8,00 8,89 0,75 146 sugar beet 32,00 23,0% 90,0% 360 75 10,77 11,96 0,80 93 Cattle slurry own 0,00 10,0% 80,0% 210 17 0,00 0,00 0,98 17 Cattle slurry foreign 5,00 10,0% 80,0% 210 17 7,46 8,29 0,98 17 Pig slurry own 0,00 5,5% 80,0% 250 11 0,00 0,00 0,99 11 Pig slurry foreign 5,00 5,5% 80,0% 250 11 11,40 12,66 0,99 11 solid manure 5,00 25,0% 85,0% 250 53 2,36 2,62 0,93 57 poultry manure 15,00 40,0% 75,0% 280 84 4,48 4,98 0,76 111 1. Maize is cheaper than grain and sugar beets 2. Maize provides higher yield per unit area compared to grass and WPS 3. Own slurry is free, because agriculture needs to liquidate it! 4. Strangers slurry costs as much as maize, with storage space twice as much! 5. Maize yields per ton Input 8-10, per m 3 fermentation residues 9-14 times as much gas as slurry! 6. Pig slurry can not be used in a rule alone. Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen
2b. Ideal Maize Plant (100% Maize silage) Solid storage fermentation residues Silage fermenting passage solid manure From agriculture To agriculture Drying Trocknung slurry storage Raw gas Gas conditioning gas supply BHPP (1.n) gas grid heating grid power grid Into the market
2b. Ideal slurry plant (100% slurry) Solid storage fermentation residues Silage Fermenting passage solid manure From agriculture To agriculture Drying Trocknung slurry storage Raw gas Gas conditioning gas supply BHPP (1.n) gas grid heating grid power grid Into the market
2c. Dimensions and Masses clamp silo = 15.000 m 3 (2 x 25m x 80m) solid matter feeder 40 m 3 lanes and space Input = 9.000 t/a maize silage HRT = 100 days fermenter = 6 x 24 m 500 kw BHPP 800 kva 300 m 3 /h fermentatio n residue storage = 6 m x 36 m lanes and space transformer flare lanes and space Dairy Farm 300 cows and young cattle Input = 9.000 m 3 slurry /a HRT = 33 days fermenter = 6 m x 14 m 75 kw BHPP 40 m 3 /h fermentation residue storage = 8 m x 36 m + gas dome flare Agriculturally slurry tank
2d. Costs Biogas Plant 100% maize Biogas Plant 100% slurry Capacity 500 kw 75 kw Gas Yield rate 110% KTBL 100% KTBL Efficiency BHPP 40% 36% Electricity Production (95%) 4.161.000 kwh 624.150 kwh Investment 1.800.000 3.600 /kw 500.000 6.667 /kw - thereof BHPP/Flare 400.000 800 /kw 125.000 1.667 /kw - thereof other technique 300.000 600 /kw 200.000 2.667 /kw - thereof Construction/Planning 1.100.000 2.200 /kw 175.000 2.333 /kw Ø Usual Life (UL) 15,0 Years 13,2 Years Costs Total Ct / kwh Total Ct / kwh Annuity(Ø UL; 3%) 150.780 3,62 46.469 7,45 Maintenance 62.415 1,50 21.845 3,50 Input free fermenter 356.861 8,58 4.000 0,64 Other Material 15.396 0,37 4.000 0,64 Electricity 46.603 1,12 9.986 1,60 Personal 20.000 0,48 7.300 1,17 Other Costs 24.966 0,60 8.000 1,28 Total 677.021 16,27 101.600 16,28
2d. Necessary Feed-In Tariff (necessary benefit at r tc = 10%) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Necessary net operating margin by given WACC and frequency of capital turnover 2,5% 5,0% 10,0% 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 Total Ct / kwh Total Ct / kwh Annuity (Ø UL; 3%) 150.780 3,62 46.469 7,45 - Ø annual depreciation 120.000 2,88 37.917 6,07 = Ø annual Interest costs 30.780 0,74 8.552 1,37 WACC (10%) 180.000 4,33 50.000 8,01 - Ø annual interest costs 30.780 0,74 8.552 1,37 = Ø annual equity interest 149.220 3,59 41.448 6,64 Total Costs 677.021 16,27 101.600 16,28 + annual equity interest 149.220 3,59 41.448 6,64 = necessary benefit 826.241 19,86 143.048 22,92 = net operating margin = frequency of capital turnover Biogas Plant 100% maize Biogas Plant 100% slurry 21,8% 35,0% 0,46 0,29 Real Benefit EEG 2004/06 20,26 EEG 2014/I 16 23,41
3a. Efficient management with maize silage The ideal Maize plant has a compact size provides a high heat surplus has a high gas yield at low H 2 S content has low construction costs does not im- or export great masses Uses future options in the balancing energy market and produces flexible power
3b. Efficient management with own slurry The ideal slurry plant only uses its own fresh slurry can not provide heat in winter! has a high gas yield, but needs an effective desulfurization has relatively low construction costs since the slurry storage belongs to the agricultural sector transports no additional masses Refines the delivered slurry
P MC MR Q Renewable Ideas in Agriculture Contact: Thank you for your attention! Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen Außenstelle Verden Lindhooper Straße 61 27283 Verden Phone: +49 42 31 / 9276-11 E-Mail: Peter.Schuenemann-Plag@LWK-Niedersachsen.de