Al Gore in Copenhagen 17 December 2009: "Currently pollution has zero value, we must put a price on our pollution i.e. put a price on carbon!" Photo: Luc Hardy But excessive ressource consumption has, we just have to include this in our valorisation of the overall production costs The cheapest cost-cutting is to avert consuming resources that are in excess and henceforth expendable this is good common sense
Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis - Your Waste Our Resource 1. History 2. Features and key figures 3. Political drivers 4. IS 2nd generation
DANMARK 5,5 mio indbyggere KALUNDBORG COPENHAGEN 3
1. Fact sheet for Kalundborg 1. 49.743 inhabitants, 603,7 km2 2. Industry and port leverage levelling a medium sized European city Denmark s largest co-gen. power plant (DONG) 2008 10% DK power Northern Europe s 2nd largest oil-refinery (StatoilHydro) Northern Europe s largest industrial waste water treatment plant World s largest enzyme production facility (Novozymes) World s largest insulin production facility (Novo Nordisk) World s maybe largest industrial symbiosis World s largest 2G ligno cellulosic bio-ethanol demo-plant (2009) Denmark s largest CO2 emitter per capita/km2/industry Kalundborg appx. 8 % in 2009
Symbiosis in Kalundborg within the perimeter of 7 km2
2. Features and Key figures Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis is a catalyst for developing both financial and environmental viable developing models in order to attain a substantial Reduction and Recovery of: Energy Waste Water
Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis - a Pioneer at a glance since 1961 driven by profit A resource and environmental collaboration network consisting of 32 bi- or trilateral, commercial agreements (projects) composed initially by 8 founding partners: five industries, two waste handling companies and the utilities department of Kalundborg Municipality Three categories of projects: Recycling of water: Exchange of energy: Recycling of waste products: 12 Projects 9 Projects 11 Projects Some of the annual results of the Symbiosis in Kalundborg are: 240.000 tons CO2 emissions down since 1982 3 millioner m3 water saved through reuse and recycling 150.000 tons NovoGro replaces traditional fertilizers 150.000 tons yeast slurry replaces traditional soy protein in feed 150.000 tons gypsom replaces imported nature gypsum (CaSO 4 ) -> changes in regulatory framework could increase figures substantially
KALUNDBORG INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS SYSTEM 2011 Inbicon 31 Lignin 2010 32 C5/C6 sugars 2010 Farms 27 Straw 2009 Fertilizer industry Lake Tissø Statoil Refinery 13 Sulphur 1990 Fertilizer 2001 26 Steam 2009 30 Bioethanol 2 Gas 1972 Gyproc 1 Surface water 1961 25 Sea water 2007 9 Steam 1982 11 Cooling water 1987 15 Gas 1992 14 Tech.water 1991 Re-use basin 18 Drain water 1995 21 Deionized water 2002 16 Gypsum 1993 The Municipality of Kalundborg 3 Surface water 1973 7 Heat 1981 DONG Energy Asnæs Power Station 20 Fly Ash 1999 Recovery of nickel and vanadium 10 Surface water 1987 29 Condensate 2009 6 Heat 1980/89 5 Fly ash 1979 Cement industry Waste water treatment Purification of water Pyroneer 33 Gasifier 2011 8 Steam 1982 Fish farm 19 Sludge 1998 17 Waste water 1995 RGS 90 Novozymes Novo Nordisk 12 Yeast slurry 1989 Pig farms 22 Water 2004 4 Biomass/ NovoGro 1976 Farms 24 Alkoholic Residue 2006 23 Waste gypsum Kara/Noveren The Symbiosis Institute 1996
Cronology of Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis
China's top legislature passed a law to promote circular economy on Friday at the closing of the fourth session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC). The draft law was ratified after its third reading, and President Hu Jintao signed it into law. It will come into force on January 1, 2009. The aim of the law is to boost sustainable development through energy saving and reduction of pollutant discharges. Government departments will map out a system for recycling and improve energy-saving and waster utilization standards. China Daily 2008
3. Political drivers: New Green Economy feature sustainable growth & Green Governance: - From 2020-targets to Waste hierarchy and substitution of fossil fuels Directive 2006/12/EC on waste (4 R s ): Member States shall take appropriate measures to encourage the prevention or reduction of waste production and its harmfulness (i) the recovery of waste by means of recycling, re-use or reclamation or any other process with a view to extracting secondary raw materials; or (ii) the use of waste as a source of energy (19 Oct.2008)
3. to the next global challenge: the Water Footprint! The Water footprint is the measure for the amount of water a certain product requires to be produced. The challenge is to start using the water footprint concept as a practical tool to analyse how consumption patterns affect water use Water footprints of nations, A.K. Chapagain & A.Y. Hoekstra, 2004 It takes more water to produce more energy and it takes more energy to consume more water! EU Water Technology Platform, March 2010
waste, water and energy Municipalities, cities and industry can and should make a difference both within and exterior to the ETS: Too much energy and too many resources are wasted. We need to adopt the waste hierarchy fully and spur the inherent success that is entailed within a proper use of the many resources that we do not utilitise at its utmost today, that be either waste, power, heat, water or other residues. 18
Failure to comply with resource efficiency and an optimate use of residues, will either lead to a sustained or even increased investment in extra capacity and new utility facilities (wwt; combustion; CHP) based on old technologies that will tie our hands even further.
2009 Danish Government asked the Danish Climate Commission to come up with suggestions on how Denmark is to become fossil free in 2050 20
Danish Climate Commission 28 September 2010: The answer is through wind and biomass 21
Kalundborg s strategic challenge anno 2020: Industrial investment growth scenario 2009-2020 +1,6 bn - challenge with increased climate regulation INCREASED INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT <=> INCREASE IN RESOURCE CONSUMPTION AND GHG EMISSIONS CO2 A) Unrestricted growth B) Decoupling C) Reduced emissions economically viable? 2012 2020 investment/time
Public Private Partnerships: Key constituent of Kalundborg Symbiosis is DONG Energy who s 85/15 vision not only leads the way but also impacts Kalundborg greatly
2011 globally we are 7 bn inhabitants (31st October; Source: UNFPA) 2050 projections estimate 9 bn! -Gloomy figures featuring evolution of prosperity and increased demands for Western material cultural values which will bring devolution and jeopardize biodiversity with excessive depletion of resources and severe irreversible impacts on nature why: we need to get more from less - we need to think differently - we need to turn waste into resources We need to act symbiotically - with solutions
4. IS 2 generation: biorefinery added to the equation There are more intelligent ways to heat up our houses than to put a match to our waste Solutions integrating resources and energy, and KETs! - e.g. Pyroneer ; Renescience ; Aikan Figure 1: Peak phosphorus Hubbert curve, indicating that production will eventually reach a maximum, after which it will decline (based on Cordell, Drangert and White, submitted)i. 2009 25
Intelligent use of biomass is the answer Inbicon settled in Kalundborg because of the Symbiosis Ethanol Ethanol replaces oil in transportation Cellulosic biomass (Waste) C5 molasses C5 molasses increases food production - or replaces more oil in transportation - or produces biochemicals Lignin biofuel Biofuel replaces coal in power and heat generation
Figur: Inbicon
2. Generation IS Biorefinery
2. generation IS biorefinery
3rd generation IS is being shaped as Smart City Kalundborg
In Kalundborg the Resource Efficiency Flagship is perceived as a glas half full of water with new age opportunities for business and civic society! Visit us at Stand 19, 1st floor Thanks for Your attention! www.symbiosis.dk Martin Andersen andersen@kalundborg.dk 32
Energy efficiency Supply Model inducing investments in wind power
Nord Pool Challenge when when prices go negative 34
From Coal to Biomass and Wind: Cities are part of the solution storing excess grid power 35