COUNTRY PROFILE Turkey
IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS RANKING 2018 All data are available from the World Competitiveness Online. Visit our eshop 1
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL TURKEY OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) 40 40 38 46 CHALLENGES IN 2018 High High inflation inflation rate. rate. Uncertainty of the legal framework. Tightening of the financial conditions due to global trends. Labor force rigidity. Geopolitical risks (Syrian War and refugee crisis) and terror events. Provided TUSIAD, Turkish by: Industry and Business Association, Istanbul TUSIAD, Turkish Industry and Business Association, Istanbul BASIC FACTS Rank Capital Land area (square km '000) Ankara 785 2017 Exchange Rate (per $) 3.6 2017 Population - market size (millions) 80.81 2017 11 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 851.1 2017 17 GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 26,893 2017 43 Real GDP growth (%) 7.4 2017 2 Consumer price inflation (%) 11.14 2017 60 Unemployment rate (%) 10.92 2017 54 Labor force (millions) 31.64 2017 13 Current account balance (% of GDP) -5.54 2017 60 Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 132.9 2016 34 Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 1.28 2017 45 COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure Domestic Economy International Trade International Investment Employment Prices Public Finance Tax Policy Institutional Framework Business Legislation Societal Framework Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance Management Practices Attitudes and Values Basic Infrastructure Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure Health and Environment Education 6 55 45 52 33 37 54 35 28 41 38 40 36 56 38 44 55 PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries) 26 26 25 31 31 17 17 16 21 20 2
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - FACTOR BREAKDOWN TURKEY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE 45 38 35 43 52 Sub-Factor Rankings : 2017 Domestic Economy 25 International Trade 34 International Investment 42 Employment 44 Prices 2018 6 55 45 52 GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY 39 38 38 41 45 Sub-Factor Rankings : 2017 Public Finance 24 Tax Policy 22 Institutional Framework 53 Business Legislation 33 Societal Framework 56 2018 33 37 54 35 BUSINESS EFFICIENCY 29 40 33 43 41 Sub-Factor Rankings : 2017 Productivity & Efficiency 31 Labor Market 39 Finance 41 Management Practices 37 Attitudes and Values 51 2018 28 41 38 40 INFRASTRUCTURE 46 45 44 Sub-Factor Rankings : 2017 Basic Infrastructure 39 Technological Infrastructure 52 Scientific Infrastructure 38 Health and Environment 44 Education 56 2018 36 56 38 44 55 3
IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS DIGITAL RANKING 2018 All data are available from the World Competitiveness Online. Visit our eshop 4
DIGITAL TRENDS - OVERALL TURKEY OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall Alpha Alpha Factors Beta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLab Sub-Factors 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 6.5 4 4 2 2 8.5 4 4 2 2 10.5 4 4 2 2 59 49 62 Knowledge Talent Training & education Scientific concentration 52 45 37 41 51 Technology Regulatory framework Capital Technological framework 42 42 42 The direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stable declined Future readiness Adaptive attitudes Business agility IT integration OVERALL & FACTORS - 5 years OVERALL Knowledge Technology Future readiness 52 52 52 52 59 59 58 60 59 49 45 44 42 42 40 42 COMPETITIVENESS & DIGITAL RANKINGS Digital Competitiveness N.B. This graph provides only a comparison of the country s performance in the two rankings. 40 40 38 46 52 52 52 52 PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries) 36 36 36 36 37 22 21 18 22 21 5
u Overall top strengths w Overall top weaknesses FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES TURKEY KNOWLEDGE Subfactors Talent 37 41 36 49 49 Training & education 60 61 61 63 62 Scientific concentration 53 52 52 Talent Rank Rank Rank Training & education Scientific concentration Educational assessment PISA - Math Employee training 52 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 38 International experience 36 Total public expenditure on education 44 Total R&D personnel per capita 45 Foreign highly-skilled personnel 51 Higher education achievement 46 Female researchers 26 Management of cities 44 w Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 58 u R&D productivity by publication 11 Digital/Technological skills 36 Graduates in Sciences Scientific and technical employment 38 Net flow of international students 32 Women with degrees 49 w High-tech patent grants 56 TECHNOLOGY Subfactors Regulatory framework 42 44 40 40 37 Capital 36 36 46 41 Technological framework 51 51 51 Regulatory framework Rank Capital Rank Technological framework Rank Starting a business 39 u IT & media stock market capitalization 18 u Communications technology 18 Enforcing contracts 26 Funding for technological development 35 Mobile Broadband subscribers u Immigration laws 25 Banking and financial services 33 Wireless broadband 49 Development and app. of technology 41 Investment risk Internet users 49 Scientific research legislation 43 Venture capital 43 Internet bandwidth speed Intellectual property rights 43 w Investment in Telecommunications 53 w High-tech exports (%) 60 FUTURE READINESS Subfactors Adaptive attitudes 37 37 35 36 42 Business agility 40 44 41 39 42 IT integration 53 52 51 Adaptive attitudes Rank Business agility Rank IT integration Rank E-Participation 44 u Opportunities and threats 6 E-Government 51 Internet retailing 41 Innovative firms 31 Public-private partnerships 32 Tablet possession 38 Agility of companies 27 Cyber security Smartphone possession 45 w Use of big data and analytics 53 Sofware piracy Attitudes toward globalization 31 Knowledge transfer 6
IMD WORLD TALENT RANKING 2018 All data are available from the World Competitiveness Online. Visit our eshop 7
IMD World Talent Ranking 2018 TURKEY OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) The direction of the triangle Alpha indicates AlphaLabel the Beta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel performance change from the last year: 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 improved or stable declined 4 4 4 2 2 32 58 35 51 Investment & Development Appeal Overall Investment & Development Appeal Readiness 40 43 43 43 46 51 52 52 53 54 56 51 Readiness 58 Investment & Development Total public expenditure on education Percentage of GDP 3.8 % 44 Gov. expenditure on education per student Percentage of GDP per capita (secondary education) 11.2 % 51 Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff 18.40 ratio 49 Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff 15.45 ratio Apprenticeships are sufficiently implemented 4.31 Survey [0..10] 44 w Employee training is a high priority in companies 5.00 Survey [0..10] 52 w Female labor force Percentage of total labor force 32.11 % 57 u Health infrastructure meets the needs of society 6.58 Survey [0..10] 28 Value 2018 Rank Appeal u Cost-of-living index Index of a basket of goods & services in the main city, including housing (New York City = 100) 64.60 index 18 Attracting and retaining talents is a priority in companies 6.27 Survey [0..10] 40 Worker motivation in companies is high 5.19 Survey [0..10] Brain drain (well-educated and skilled people) does not hinder competitiveness in your economy 3.92 Survey [0..10] 45 Quality of life is high 4.59 Survey [0..10] 51 Foreign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country's business environment 3.85 Survey [0..10] 51 Remuneration in services professions Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, US$ 14,323 US$ 42 Remuneration of management Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$ 1,925 US$ 36 Effective personal income tax rate Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita 20.77 % 41 Personal security and private property rights are adequately protected 5.88 Survey [0..10] 43 Value 2018 Rank Readiness u Labor force growth Percentage change 3.63 % 4 Skilled labor is readily available 5.58 Survey [0..10] 36 u Finance skills are readily available 6.54 Survey [0..10] 31 International experience of senior managers is generally significant 5.25 Survey [0..10] 36 u Competent senior managers are readily available 5.85 Survey [0..10] 29 w Educational system The educational system meets the needs of a competitive economy 2.65 Survey [0..10] 59 w Science in schools is sufficiently emphasized 2.86 Survey [0..10] 59 w University education meets the needs of a competitive economy 4.04 Survey [0..10] 56 Management education meets the needs of the business community 4.81 Survey [0..10] Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises 4.38 Survey [0..10] Student mobility inbound Foreign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants 0.92 number Educational assessment - PISA PISA survey of 15-year olds 423 Average Value 2018 Rank 8
IMD is ranked in open programs worldwide 7 years in a row. Financial Times 2012 2018 Developing leaders Transforming organizations Impacting your future IMD Switzerland Chemin de Bellerive 23 P.O. Box 915 CH-1001 Lausanne Switzerland Central tel: +41 21 618 01 11 IMD Singapore IMD SE Asia Pte. Ltd South Beach Tower 38 Beach Road #17-11 Singapore 189767 Central tel: +65 6715 9988 Connect with us Talk with us +41 21 618 07 00 info@imd.org IMD, IMD INTERNATIONAL REAL WORLD. REAL LEARNING, IMD BUSINESS SCHOOL and IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK are trademarks of IMD International Institute for Management Development. IMD 2017